Article 18Prohibition against the Provision of Wrongful Gains to Foreign Public Officials
第十八条（外国公務員等に対する不正の利益の供与等の禁止）
No person may give, offer to give, or promise to give any money or other benefit to a foreign public official, etc. in order to have them act or refrain from acting in relation to the performance of their official duties, or to have them use their position to influence another foreign public official, etc. to act or refrain from acting in such a manner, so that the person in question can make any wrongful gain in business regarding international commercial transactions.
何人も、外国公務員等に対し、国際的な商取引に関して営業上の不正の利益を得るために、その外国公務員等に、その職務に関する行為をさせ若しくはさせないこと、又はその地位を利用して他の外国公務員等にその職務に関する行為をさせ若しくはさせないようにあっせんをさせることを目的として、金銭その他の利益を供与し、又はその申込み若しくは約束をしてはならない。
The term "foreign public official, etc." as used in the preceding paragraph means any of the following persons:
前項において「外国公務員等」とは、次に掲げる者をいう。
any person that engages in public service for a national or local foreign government;
外国の政府又は地方公共団体の公務に従事する者
any person that engages in the business operations of an entity established under foreign special laws to carry out specific business operations in the public interest;
公共の利益に関する特定の事務を行うために外国の特別の法令により設立されたものの事務に従事する者
any person that is a business engaged in business operations where one or more national or local governments of foreign states directly own more than 50 percent of the voting shares or capital subscription of the business, or where the majority of officers (meaning directors, auditors, council members, inspectors, liquidators, and others involved in the management of the business) are appointed or designated by one or more national or local foreign governments, and that is granted special rights or interests by such governments for the performance of its business; or any person specified by Cabinet Order as an equivalent person;
一又は二以上の外国の政府又は地方公共団体により、発行済株式のうち議決権のある株式の総数若しくは出資の金額の総額の百分の五十を超える当該株式の数若しくは出資の金額を直接に所有され、又は役員（取締役、監査役、理事、監事及び清算人並びにこれら以外の者で事業の経営に従事しているものをいう。）の過半数を任命され若しくは指名されている事業者であって、その事業の遂行に当たり、外国の政府又は地方公共団体から特に権益を付与されているものの事務に従事する者その他これに準ずる者として政令で定める者
any person that engages in public services for an international organization (meaning an international organization which is formed by governments or intergovernmental organizations); or
国際機関（政府又は政府間の国際機関によって構成される国際機関をいう。次号において同じ。）の公務に従事する者
any person that engages in business operations under the authority of the national or local government of a foreign state or an international organization and that are delegated by any of them to the person in question.
外国の政府若しくは地方公共団体又は国際機関の権限に属する事務であって、これらの機関から委任されたものに従事する者
(Prohibition against the Provision of Wrongful Gains to Foreign Public Officials)
No person may give, offer to give, or promise to give any money or other benefit to a foreign public official, etc. in order to have them act or refrain from acting in relation to the performance of…
何人も、外国公務員等に対し、国際的な商取引に関して営業上の不正の利益を得るために、その外国公務員等に、その職務に関する行為をさせ若しくはさせないこと、又はその地位を利用して他の外国公務員等にその職務に関する行為をさせ若しくはさせないようにあっせんをさせることを目的として、金銭その他の利益を供与し…
Open this provision(Prohibition against the Provision of Wrongful Gains to Foreign Public Officials)
any person that engages in business operations under the authority of the national or local government of a foreign state or an international organization and that are delegated by any of them to the…
外国の政府若しくは地方公共団体又は国際機関の権限に属する事務であって、これらの機関から委任されたものに従事する者
Open this provisionforeign public official, etc.
「外国公務員等」
Anyone listed in Article 18, paragraph (2): a person in public service for a foreign national or local government; a person working for a body set up under a foreign country's special law to carry out specific public-interest work; a person working for a business that foreign governments control, by directly owning more than half its voting shares or capital or by appointing most of its officers, and to which they grant special rights, or a person a Cabinet Order (政令) treats as equivalent; a person in public service for an international organization made up of governments or intergovernmental organizations; or a person doing work that any of those governments or organizations has delegated.
Defined inArticle 18, paragraph (2)· applies only in this provision
international organization
「国際機関」
In Article 18, paragraph (2), items (iv) and (v), an international organization made up of governments or of intergovernmental international organizations.
Defined inArticle 18, paragraph (2), item (iv)· applies only in this provision and in Article 18, paragraph (2), item (v)
company auditor
監査役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)), whose job is to audit how the directors carry out their duties and to write an audit report on it (Article 381, paragraph (1)). Not an outside accountant — that is the financial auditor (会計監査人) — and not a director: a company auditor may not also be a director or employee of the company or its subsidiaries (Article 335, paragraph (2)). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within four years of election (Article 336, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 329, 335, 336, 381 as a reference.
director
取締役
An officer of a stock company, elected by the shareholders meeting (Companies Act, Article 329, paragraph (1)). Every stock company has at least one (Article 326, paragraph (1)). Where there is no board of directors, the directors run the company's business unless the articles of incorporation say otherwise (Article 348, paragraph (1)), and each of them represents it unless the company has chosen representative directors (代表取締役) or others to do that (Article 349, paragraphs (1) and (3)). Where there is a board (取締役会, board of directors), the directors are its members, and the board decides the business and normally chooses the representative directors from among them (Article 362). The term normally runs to the annual shareholders meeting for the last business year ending within two years of election (Article 332, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 326, 329, 332, 348, 349, 362 as a reference.