Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 総則
第一条（目的）
The purpose of this Act is to preserve the credibility of a bank's services in view of their public nature; to achieve the sound and appropriate management of a bank's services in order to ensure protection for depositors and facilitate the smooth functioning of financial services; and to thereby contribute to the sound development of the national economy.
第二条（定義等）
The term "bank" as used in this Act means a person engaging in banking by obtaining a license referred to in Article 4, paragraph (1) granted by the Prime Minister.
The term "banking" as used in this Act means the business of performing any of the following actions:
この法律において「銀行業」とは、次に掲げる行為のいずれかを行う営業をいう。
acceptance of deposits or installment savings, as well as the lending of funds or the discounting of bills and notes; or
預金又は定期積金の受入れと資金の貸付け又は手形の割引とを併せ行うこと。
dealing in funds transfer transactions.
為替取引を行うこと。
The term "installment savings" as used in this Act means money that is accepted on multiple occasions at regular intervals or within a fixed period of time, with the promise that a fixed amount of money will be paid on a designated date.
この法律において「定期積金」とは、期限を定めて一定金額の給付を行うことを約して、定期に又は一定の期間内において数回にわたり受け入れる金銭をいう。
The term "installment savings, etc." as used in this Act means, in addition to installment savings, money paid in in installments, and accepted within a fixed period of time, with the promise that a fixed amount of money will be paid at or before the end of that period.
この法律において「定期積金等」とは、定期積金のほか、一定の期間を定め、その中途又は満了の時において一定の金額の給付を行うことを約して、当該期間内において受け入れる掛金をいう。
The term "depositor, etc." as used in this Act means a depositor or a person that puts money into installment savings (including a person that pays in money in installments as prescribed in the preceding paragraph).
The term "total shareholder or investor voting rights" as used in this Act means voting rights of all shareholders or voting rights of all equity investors (for a stock company, excluding voting rights in respect of shares that the holder may not exercise voting rights with regard to all of the matters that can be resolved at a shareholders meeting, but including voting rights in respect of shares whose holders are deemed to have voting rights pursuant to the provisions of Article 879, paragraph (3) (Jurisdiction over a Special Liquidation Case) of the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005); the same applies hereinafter).
この法律において「総株主等の議決権」とは、総株主又は総出資者の議決権（株式会社にあつては、株主総会において決議をすることができる事項の全部につき議決権を行使することができない株式についての議決権を除き、会社法（平成十七年法律第八十六号）第八百七十九条第三項（特別清算事件の管轄）の規定により議決権を有するものとみなされる株式についての議決権を含む。以下同じ。）をいう。
The term "shares or equity" as used in this Act means shares or equity interest.
この法律において「株式等」とは、株式又は持分をいう。
The term "subsidiary company" as used in this Act means the second company for which the first company holds voting rights accounting for over fifty percent of the total shareholder or investor voting rights. In such a case, the second company for which the first company and one or more of its subsidiary companies hold voting rights accounting for over fifty percent of the total shareholder or investor voting rights, or for which one or more of the first company's subsidiary companies hold voting rights accounting for over fifty percent of the total shareholder or investor voting rights, is deemed to be the subsidiary company of the first company.
この法律において「子会社」とは、会社がその総株主等の議決権の百分の五十を超える議決権を保有する他の会社をいう。この場合において、会社及びその一若しくは二以上の子会社又は当該会社の一若しくは二以上の子会社がその総株主等の議決権の百分の五十を超える議決権を保有する他の会社は、当該会社の子会社とみなす。
The term "major shareholder threshold" as used in this Act means twenty percent (or fifteen percent, if a person satisfying the requirement specified by Cabinet Office Order as one with regard to which a fact exists that is presumed to have a material influence on decisions about the company's financial and business policies, holds the voting rights in the company) of the total shareholder voting rights.
この法律において「主要株主基準値」とは、総株主の議決権の百分の二十（会社の財務及び営業の方針の決定に対して重要な影響を与えることが推測される事実が存在するものとして内閣府令で定める要件に該当する者が当該会社の議決権の保有者である場合にあつては、百分の十五）をいう。
The term a "bank's major shareholder" as used in this Act means a person that holds a number of voting rights in a bank which is equal to or greater than the major shareholder threshold (including a person that holds those voting rights in the name of another person (or under a pseudonym); the same applies hereinafter), and is incorporated under the authorization referred to in Article 52-9, paragraph (1), or that obtains the authorization referred to in that paragraph or the proviso to paragraph (2) of that Article.
この法律において「銀行主要株主」とは、銀行の主要株主基準値以上の数の議決権の保有者（他人（仮設人を含む。）の名義をもつて保有する者を含む。以下同じ。）であつて、第五十二条の九第一項の認可を受けて設立され、又は同項若しくは同条第二項ただし書の認可を受けているものをいう。
In the case referred to in paragraph (8) or the preceding paragraph, the voting rights held by the company or the person that holds those voting rights are not to include the voting rights from shares or equity that the company or person holds as trust property in a monetary or security trust (limited to those that the settlor or beneficiary may exercise or those whose exercise the settlor or beneficiary may give instructions to the company or the person that holds them) or the voting rights specified by Cabinet Office Order, but are to include voting rights from shares or equity that constitute trust property which the company or the person that holds those voting rights may exercise as the settlor or beneficiary, or whose exercise the company or person may give instructions as the settlor or beneficiary (excluding those specified by Cabinet Office Order), and voting rights from shares which may not be asserted against the issuer pursuant to the provisions of Article 147, paragraph (1) or Article 148, paragraph (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds and Shares (Act No. 75 of 2001).
第八項又は前項の場合において、会社又は議決権の保有者が保有する議決権には、金銭又は有価証券の信託に係る信託財産として所有する株式等に係る議決権（委託者又は受益者が行使し、又はその行使について当該会社若しくは当該議決権の保有者に指図を行うことができるものに限る。）その他内閣府令で定める議決権を含まないものとし、信託財産である株式等に係る議決権で、当該会社又は当該議決権の保有者が委託者若しくは受益者として行使し、又はその行使について指図を行うことができるもの（内閣府令で定める議決権を除く。）及び社債、株式等の振替に関する法律（平成十三年法律第七十五号）第百四十七条第一項又は第百四十八条第一項の規定により発行者に対抗することができない株式に係る議決権を含むものとする。
The term "holding company" as used in this Act means a company whose percentage of the total amount of the acquisition cost (or any other value if such value is listed in the latest balance sheet) of shares or equity in subsidiary companies (limited to domestic companies) to the amount calculated by deducting the amount of assets specified by Cabinet Office Order (meaning the amount calculated pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order) from the amount of total assets (meaning the total amount of assets calculated by a method specified by Cabinet Office Order) exceeds fifty percent.
The term "bank holding company" as used in this Act means a holding company that has a bank as its subsidiary company, and that is incorporated under the authorization referred to in Article 52-17, paragraph (1) or has obtained the authorization referred to in that paragraph (1) or the proviso to paragraph (3) of that Article.
The term "bank agency services" as used in this Act means the business of performing any of the following actions on behalf of a bank:
この法律において「銀行代理業」とは、銀行のために次に掲げる行為のいずれかを行う営業をいう。
acting as agent or intermediary in concluding a contract for the acceptance of deposits or installment savings, etc.;
預金又は定期積金等の受入れを内容とする契約の締結の代理又は媒介
acting as an agent or intermediary in concluding a contract for the lending of funds or the discounting of negotiable instruments; or
資金の貸付け又は手形の割引を内容とする契約の締結の代理又は媒介
acting as an agent or intermediary in concluding a contract for funds transfer transactions.
為替取引を内容とする契約の締結の代理又は媒介
The term "bank agent" as used in this Act means a person that performs bank agency services under the license of the Prime Minister as referred to in Article 52-36, paragraph (1).
この法律において「銀行代理業者」とは、第五十二条の三十六第一項の内閣総理大臣の許可を受けて銀行代理業を営む者をいう。
The term "principal bank" as used in this Act means a bank that accepts deposits or installment savings, etc., lends funds, discounts negotiable instruments, or deals in funds transfer transactions as referred to in the items of paragraph (14) under a contract provided for in each item of that paragraph, based on the action set forth in the items of that paragraph which a bank agent performs.
The term "electronic payment handling services" as used in this Act means the business of performing the following actions, and the term "electronic payment-related deposit intermediary services" as used in this Act means the action set forth in item (ii):
この法律において「電子決済等取扱業」とは、次に掲げる行為を行う営業をいい、「電子決済等関連預金媒介業務」とは、第二号に掲げる行為をいう。
based on an entrustment from a bank, to come to an agreement with a depositor that has opened an account for deposits with the bank to carry out any of the following actions by a means that uses an electronic data processing system, and to increase or decrease the amount of claims under a deposit contract (hereinafter referred to as "deposit claims" in this item) based on the agreement, on behalf of the bank:
銀行の委託を受けて、当該銀行に代わつて当該銀行に預金の口座を開設している預金者との間で次に掲げる事項のいずれかを電子情報処理組織を使用する方法により行うことについて合意をし、かつ、当該合意に基づき預金契約に基づく債権（以下この号において「預金債権」という。）の額を増加させ、又は減少させること。
to transfer funds in that account, and decrease the amount of deposit claims by an amount equivalent to the amount of the transferred funds; or
当該口座に係る資金を移動させ、当該資金の額に相当する預金債権の額を減少させること。
to increase the amount of deposit claims by an amount equivalent to the amount of funds received through a fund transfer transaction; and
為替取引により受け取つた資金の額に相当する預金債権の額を増加させること。
to provide intermediary services for concluding contracts for the acceptance of deposits on behalf of the bank referred to in the preceding item (hereinafter referred to as the "entrusting bank") in relation to the action set forth in that paragraph.
The term "electronic payment handling service provider" as used in this Act means a person that performs electronic payment handling services by obtaining the registration referred to in Article 52-60-3.
この法律において「電子決済等取扱業者」とは、第五十二条の六十の三の登録を受けて電子決済等取扱業を営む者をいう。
The term "foreign electronic payment handling service provider" as used in this Act means a person that performs electronic payment handling services under the same type of registration as the registration referred to in Article 52-60-3 obtained in a foreign country pursuant to the provisions of foreign laws and regulations that are equivalent to this Act (including other administrative dispositions similar to the registration) or a person that performs services equivalent to those services in accordance with laws and regulations of the foreign country.
この法律において「外国電子決済等取扱業者」とは、この法律に相当する外国の法令の規定により当該外国において第五十二条の六十の三の登録と同種類の登録（当該登録に類するその他の行政処分を含む。）を受けて電子決済等取扱業を営む者又は当該外国の法令に準拠してこれに相当する業務を営む者をいう。
The term "certified association of electronic payment handling service providers" as used in this Act means a general incorporated association that has been granted the certification under the provisions of Article 52-60-25.
この法律において「認定電子決済等取扱事業者協会」とは、第五十二条の六十の二十五の規定による認定を受けた一般社団法人をいう。
The term "electronic payment services" as used in this Act means the business of performing any of the following actions (excluding the actions set forth in item (i) that are performed in order to enable a depositor prescribed in that item to make periodic payments to a specific person and any other actions specified by Cabinet Office Order as those that are found to have little likelihood of resulting in insufficient user protection):
based on an entrustment (including entrustment at two or more degrees of separation from the original entrustment) from a depositor that has opened an account for deposits with a bank, through being provided with information on instruction to the bank (or with the content of the instruction alone) to conduct a fund transfer transaction for transferring funds in that account (limited to the provision of information on instruction by a means specified by Cabinet Office Order, if the person is provided with the content of the instruction alone), to provide information on the instruction to the bank, by a means of using an electronic data processing system; or
銀行に預金の口座を開設している預金者の委託（二以上の段階にわたる委託を含む。）を受けて、電子情報処理組織を使用する方法により、当該口座に係る資金を移動させる為替取引を行うことの当該銀行に対する指図（当該指図の内容のみを含む。）の伝達（当該指図の内容のみの伝達にあつては、内閣府令で定める方法によるものに限る。）を受け、これを当該銀行に対して伝達すること。
based on an entrustment (including entrustment at two or more degrees of separation from the original entrustment) from a depositor, etc. that has opened an account for deposits or installment savings, etc. with a bank, to acquire information on that account from the bank and providing it to the depositor, etc. (including provision of that information through another person and provision of information created by processing that information), by a means of using an electronic data processing system.
The term "electronic payment service provider" as used in this Act means a person engaging in electronic payment services by obtaining the registration referred to in Article 52-61-2.
この法律において「電子決済等代行業者」とは、第五十二条の六十一の二の登録を受けて電子決済等代行業を営む者をいう。
The term "certified association of electronic payment service providers" as used in this Act means a general incorporated association that has been granted the certification under the provisions of Article 52-61-19.
この法律において「認定電子決済等代行事業者協会」とは、第五十二条の六十一の十九の規定による認定を受けた一般社団法人をいう。
The term "designated dispute resolution organization" as used in this Act means a person that has obtained the designation under Article 52-62, paragraph (1).
この法律において「指定紛争解決機関」とは、第五十二条の六十二第一項の規定による指定を受けた者をいう。
The term "banking services" as used in this Act means services that a bank performs pursuant to the provisions of Article 10 and Article 11, services that a bank performs pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act (Act No. 52 of 1905) and other laws, and bank agency services that a person engaged in bank agency services performs on behalf of that bank.
The term "electronic payment handling business" as used in this Act means the business involving the actions set forth in the items of paragraph (17) that are performed by an electronic payment handling service provider.
The term "banking services, etc." as used in this Act means banking services or electronic payment handling business.
The term "complaint processing procedures" as used in this Act means procedures for processing a complaint related to banking services, etc. (meaning a complaint about banking services, etc.; the same applies in Article 52-67, Article 52-68, and Article 52-72).
The term "dispute resolution procedures" as used in this Act means procedures that attempt to resolve a dispute related to banking services, etc. (meaning a dispute about banking services, etc. which can be settled between the parties; the same applies in Article 52-67, Article 52-68, and Articles 52-73 through 52-75) without recourse to court proceedings.
この法律において「紛争解決手続」とは、銀行業務等関連紛争（銀行業務等に関する紛争で当事者が和解をすることができるものをいう。第五十二条の六十七、第五十二条の六十八及び第五十二条の七十三から第五十二条の七十五までにおいて同じ。）について訴訟手続によらずに解決を図る手続をいう。
The term "dispute resolution services" as used in this Act means services involved in complaint processing procedures and dispute resolution procedures, as well as services incidental to the services.
The term "categories of dispute resolution services" as used in this Act means categories of banking services and electronic payment handling business which are related to dispute resolution services
The term "basic contract for the implementation of dispute resolution procedures" as used in this Act means a contract concluded between a designated dispute resolution organization and a banking service provider (meaning a bank or electronic payment handling service provider; the same applies hereinafter) with regard to the implementation of dispute resolution services.
第三条
The business of accepting deposits or installment savings, etc. (other than that which falls under the category of an action set forth in paragraph (2), item (i) of the preceding Article) is deemed to be banking, and this Act apply.
第三条の二
A person set forth in one of the following items is deemed to be a holder of voting rights in a bank, in the number specified in the relevant item, and the provisions of Chapter VII-3, Sections 1 and 2, Chapter VIII and Chapter IX apply:
次の各号に掲げる者は、それぞれ当該各号に定める数の銀行の議決権の保有者とみなして、第七章の三第一節及び第二節、第八章並びに第九章の規定を適用する。
an organization that is not a corporation (limited to one specified by Cabinet Office Order as being equivalent to a corporation):the number of voting rights in the bank which are held in the name of the organization that is not a corporation;
法人でない団体（法人に準ずるものとして内閣府令で定めるものに限る。） 当該法人でない団体の名義をもつて保有される銀行の議決権の数
a company that is to prepare financial statements or other documents on a consolidated basis pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order (referred to as "company subject to consolidation standards" in the following item), whose consolidated companies and other corporations (which includes an organization that is not a corporation set forth in the preceding item; hereinafter referred to as a "company, etc." in this paragraph) include a bank, and which is not itself consolidated in any other company's financial statements or other documents:the number calculated pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order as representing the substantial influence that the company exercises on the bank;
a company, etc. not constituting a company subject to consolidation standards (limited to one that holds voting rights in a bank and excluding one that is consolidated in the financial statement or other documents of a company set forth in the preceding item) which belongs to a group of companies, etc. (meaning a group consisting of the company, etc. itself and any other company, etc. that Cabinet Office Order specifies as being one in which the relevant company, etc. holds majority voting rights or as being closely related to the relevant company, etc. in any other such way; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) and if the combined number of voting rights in a single bank held by all of the companies, etc. belonging to that group of companies, etc. (hereinafter referred to as the "number of voting rights held by the group of companies, etc." in this item and the following item) is equal to or greater than the major shareholder threshold for the bank (hereinafter referred to as a "specified group of companies, etc." in this item and the following item), the company that has no companies, etc. which is the holder of majority voting rights in that company, etc.:the number of voting rights held by the group of companies, etc. which is associated with that specified group of companies, etc.;
連結基準対象会社以外の会社等（銀行の議決権の保有者である会社等に限り、前号に掲げる会社の計算書類その他の書類に連結されるものを除く。）が会社等集団（当該会社等及び当該会社等が他の会社等に係る議決権の過半数を保有していることその他の当該会社等と密接な関係を有する会社等として内閣府令で定める会社等の集団をいう。以下この項において同じ。）に属し、かつ、当該会社等集団が当該会社等集団に属する全部の会社等の保有する一の銀行の議決権の数を合算した数（以下この号及び次号において「会社等集団保有議決権数」という。）が当該銀行の主要株主基準値以上の数である会社等集団（以下この号及び次号において「特定会社等集団」という。）である場合において、当該特定会社等集団に属する会社等のうち、その会社等に係る議決権の過半数の保有者である会社等がない会社等 当該特定会社等集団に係る会社等集団保有議決権数
the company, etc. with the largest amount of assets on the balance sheet out of the companies, etc. belonging to the specified group of companies, etc., if there is no company, etc. set forth in the preceding item among the companies, etc. that belong to that specified group of companies, etc.:the number of voting rights held by the group of companies, etc. which is associated with that specified group of companies, etc.;
特定会社等集団に属する会社等のうちに前号に掲げる会社等がない場合において、当該特定会社等集団に属する会社等のうちその貸借対照表上の資産の額が最も多い会社等 当該特定会社等集団に係る会社等集団保有議決権数
an individual who holds majority voting rights in a company, etc. that holds voting rights in a bank (such a company, etc. includes a person set forth in item (ii) through the preceding item; hereinafter the same applies in this item), if the combined number of voting rights in a single bank which are held by all companies, etc. in which the individual holds majority voting rights (or, the combined number of those voting rights in that bank and the number specified in the preceding items, if any of those company, etc. falls under any of the categories set forth in those items) (or, the number of voting rights arrived at when the number of voting rights in that bank held by the individual is added to that combined number in question if the individual has voting rights in that bank; the number calculated is hereinafter referred to as the "combined number of voting rights" in this item) is equal to or greater than twenty percent of the total shareholder voting rights in that bank:the combined number of voting rights associated with that individual;
a person that holds voting rights in a bank (including a person set forth in the preceding items; hereinafter the same applies in this item), if the sum of the number of voting rights in that bank the person holds (or, the number specified in the relevant item if the person is one that is set forth in the preceding items) and the number of voting rights in that bank held by the person's joint holders (meaning a second person that holds voting rights in a bank (including a person set forth in one of the preceding items) with which a first person that holds voting rights in that bank has agreed to jointly acquire or transfer the shares to which those voting rights are attached, or has agreed to jointly exercise voting rights and other rights as bank shareholders (the second person excludes a company, etc. whose financial statements and other documents are consolidated to another company set forth in item (ii) if that first person that holds voting rights in the bank is that other company; excludes a company, etc. that does not constitute another company, etc. set forth in item (iii) or item (iv) but belongs to the group of companies, etc. to which that other company, etc. belongs if the first person is that other company, etc. set forth in item (iii) or item (iv); and excludes a company, etc. in which an individual set forth in the preceding item holds majority voting rights if the first person is that individual; and includes any person that has a special relationship specified by Cabinet Order with the first person)) (or, the sum total of the number of voting rights in that bank the person holds and the number prescribed in the relevant item, if that joint holder is a person set forth in one of the preceding items) (the combined number of voting rights is hereinafter referred to as the "number of voting rights jointly held" in this item) is equal to or greater than twenty percent of the total shareholder voting rights in that bank:the number of voting rights jointly held; and
銀行の議決権の保有者（前各号に掲げる者を含む。以下この号において同じ。）のうち、その保有する当該銀行の議決権の数（当該議決権の保有者が前各号に掲げる者であるときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める数）とその共同保有者（銀行の議決権の保有者が、当該銀行の議決権の他の保有者（前各号に掲げる者を含む。）と共同して当該議決権に係る株式を取得し、若しくは譲渡し、又は当該銀行の株主としての議決権その他の権利を行使することを合意している場合における当該他の保有者（当該議決権の保有者が第二号に掲げる会社である場合においては当該会社の計算書類その他の書類に連結される会社等を、当該議決権の保有者が第三号又は第四号に掲げる会社等である場合においては当該会社等が属する会社等集団に属する当該会社等以外の会社等を、当該議決権の保有者が前号に掲げる個人である場合においては当該個人がその議決権の過半数の保有者である会社等を除き、当該議決権の保有者と政令で定める特別な関係を有する者を含む。）をいう。）の保有する当該銀行の議決権の数（当該共同保有者が前各号に掲げる者であるときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める数）を合算した数（以下この号において「共同保有議決権数」という。）が当該銀行の総株主の議決権の百分の二十以上の数である者 共同保有議決権数
a person specified by Cabinet Office Order as being equivalent to any of the persons set forth in one of the preceding items:the number calculated pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order as representing a substantial influence on the bank.
The provisions of Article 2, paragraph (11) apply mutatis mutandis to voting rights that the person set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph is deemed to hold and to the voting rights that the holder of the voting rights holds, in the case referred to in one of the items of that paragraph.
第四条（営業の免許）
A person may not engage in banking unless licensed by the Prime Minister to do so.
銀行業は、内閣総理大臣の免許を受けた者でなければ、営むことができない。
When an application is filed for a banking license, the Prime Minister must examine whether the following criteria are met:
内閣総理大臣は、銀行業の免許の申請があつたときは、次に掲げる基準に適合するかどうかを審査しなければならない。
the person filing application for the banking license (hereinafter referred to as the "applicant" in this paragraph) has a sufficient financial basis to perform the services of a bank soundly and efficiently, and has good prospects for income and expenditures in connection with those services; and
If a person that has persons engaged in banking in a foreign country in accordance with foreign laws and regulations (including a person that has a unique relationship specified by Cabinet Order with the person, but excluding a bank, etc.; hereinafter such a person is referred to as a "foreign bank, etc." in this paragraph) as all or some of their shareholders files a banking license application, and the foreign bank, etc. lawfully holds voting rights in the person filing the banking license application which exceed the number arrived at by multiplying the total shareholder voting rights in that person shareholders by the percentage specified by Cabinet Office Order, in addition to the criteria set forth in each item of the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister must examine whether banks are found to be treated in substantially the same manner as under this Act in the country where the principal business office of the foreign bank, etc. is located; provided, however, that this does not apply to the case in which the examination would interfere with the faithful fulfillment of an international agreement or in other cases specified by Cabinet Order.
外国の法令に準拠して外国において銀行業を営む者（その者と政令で定める特殊の関係のある者を含むものとし、銀行等を除く。以下この項において「外国銀行等」という。）をその株主の全部又は一部とする者が銀行業の免許を申請した場合において、当該外国銀行等が当該免許を申請した者の総株主の議決権に内閣府令で定める率を乗じて得た数を超える議決権を適法に保有しているときは、内閣総理大臣は、前項各号に掲げる基準のほか、当該外国銀行等の主たる営業所が所在する国において、銀行に対し、この法律による取扱いと実質的に同等な取扱いが行われると認められるかどうかの審査をしなければならない。ただし、当該審査が国際約束の誠実な履行を妨げることとなる場合その他の政令で定める場合は、この限りでない。
If the Prime Minister finds it to be necessary in the public interest in light of the examination criteria under the preceding two paragraphs, the Prime Minister may attach conditions to the license referred to in paragraph (1) or change those conditions, to the extent necessary.
The term "bank, etc." as used in paragraph (3) means a bank, a long-term credit bank (meaning a long-term credit bank as defined in Article 2 (Definitions) of the Long-Term Credit Bank Act (Act No. 187 of 1952); the same applies hereinafter), or a financial institution specified by Cabinet Office Order.
第四条の二（銀行の機関）
A bank must be a stock company that has in place the following organs:
銀行は、株式会社であつて次に掲げる機関を置くものでなければならない。
a board of directors;
取締役会
a board of company auditors, a supervisory committee, or a nominating committee, etc. (meaning a nominating committee, etc. as defined in Article 2, paragraph (12) (Definitions) of the Companies Act; the same applies in Article 52-18, paragraph (2), item (ii)); and
監査役会、監査等委員会又は指名委員会等（会社法第二条第十二号（定義）に規定する指名委員会等をいう。第五十二条の十八第二項第二号において同じ。）
a financial auditor.
会計監査人
Article 5Amount of Stated Capital
第五条（資本金の額）
The stated capital of a bank must be equal to or more than the amount specified by Cabinet Order.
銀行の資本金の額は、政令で定める額以上でなければならない。
The amount specified by Cabinet Order that is referred to in the preceding paragraph must not be less than one billion yen.
前項の政令で定める額は、十億円を下回つてはならない。
第六条（商号）
A bank must use the characters "銀行" (with a pronunciation of "ginkou" and literally meaning a "bank") in its trade name.
銀行は、その商号中に銀行という文字を使用しなければならない。
A director (or, an executive officer, if the bank is a company with nominating committee, etc.) who is engaged in the day-to-day operations of a bank must not engage in the day-to-day operations of any other company without the authorization by the Prime Minister.
銀行の常務に従事する取締役（指名委員会等設置会社にあつては、執行役）は、内閣総理大臣の認可を受けた場合を除くほか、他の会社の常務に従事してはならない。
When an application is filed for the authorization referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister must not grant the authorization unless the Prime Minister finds that the particulars given in the application are unlikely to interfere with the sound and appropriate management of the bank's services.
Article 7-2Eligibility as a Director
第七条の二（取締役等の適格性等）
A person set forth in one of the following items must have the knowledge and experience specified in the relevant item, and must have sufficient social credibility:
次の各号に掲げる者は、当該各号に定める知識及び経験を有し、かつ、十分な社会的信用を有する者でなければならない。
a director engaged in the day-to-day operations of a bank (director and executive officer engaged in the day-to-day operations of a bank, if the bank is a company with nominating committee, etc.):the knowledge and experience required to carry out the business management of a bank appropriately, fairly, and efficiently;
company auditor of a bank (or supervisory committee member, if the bank is a company with audit and supervisory committee):the knowledge and experience required to audit the execution of duties by directors of a bank (or by directors and accounting advisors, if the bank is a company with accounting advisors), appropriately, fairly, and efficiently; and
銀行の監査役（監査等委員会設置会社にあつては、監査等委員） 銀行の取締役（会計参与設置会社にあつては、取締役及び会計参与）の職務の執行の監査を的確、公正かつ効率的に遂行することができる知識及び経験
an audit committee member of a bank:the knowledge and experience required to audit the execution of duties by executive officers and directors of a bank (or by executive officers, directors, and accounting advisors, if the bank is a company with accounting advisors), appropriately, fairly, and efficiently.
銀行の監査委員 銀行の執行役及び取締役（会計参与設置会社にあつては、執行役、取締役及び会計参与）の職務の執行の監査を的確、公正かつ効率的に遂行することができる知識及び経験
The following persons may not become the director, executive officer, or company auditor of a bank:
次に掲げる者は、銀行の取締役、執行役又は監査役となることができない。
a person specified by Cabinet Office Order as being unable to properly perform their duties due to mental or physical disorder; or
心身の故障のため職務を適正に執行することができない者として内閣府令で定める者
a person subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings that has not been released from bankruptcy restrictions, or a person that is treated in the same manner under foreign laws and regulations.
破産手続開始の決定を受けて復権を得ない者又は外国の法令上これと同様に取り扱われている者
In applying the provisions of Article 331, paragraph (1), item (iii) of the Companies Act (Qualifications of Directors) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 335, paragraph (1) (Qualifications of Company Auditors) and Article 402, paragraph (4) (Election of Executive Officers) of that Act) to the director, executive officer, or company auditor of a bank, the term "this Act" in that item is deemed to be replaced with "the Banking Act, this Act".
銀行の取締役、執行役又は監査役に対する会社法第三百三十一条第一項第三号（取締役の資格等）（同法第三百三十五条第一項（監査役の資格等）及び第四百二条第四項（執行役の選任等）において準用する場合を含む。）の規定の適用については、同号中「この法律」とあるのは、「銀行法、この法律」とする。
The provisions of the proviso to Article 331, paragraph (2) (Qualifications of Directors) of the Companies Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 335, paragraph (1) (Qualifications of Company Auditors)), Article 332, paragraph (2) (Directors' Terms of Office) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 334, paragraph (1) (Accounting Advisors' Terms of Office)), Article 336, paragraph (2) (Company Auditors' Terms of Office) and the proviso to Article 402, paragraph (5) (Election of Executive Officers) of that Act do not apply to a bank.
会社法第三百三十一条第二項ただし書（取締役の資格等）（同法第三百三十五条第一項（監査役の資格等）において準用する場合を含む。）、第三百三十二条第二項（取締役の任期）（同法第三百三十四条第一項（会計参与の任期）において準用する場合を含む。）、第三百三十六条第二項（監査役の任期）及び第四百二条第五項ただし書（執行役の選任等）の規定は、銀行については、適用しない。
Article 7-3Application of Provisions on Liability for Damages of Officers to Third Parties
第七条の三（役員等の第三者に対する損害賠償責任の規定の適用）
With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 429, paragraph (2), item (i), (d) (Liability for Damages of Officers to Third Parties) of the Companies Act to the directors and executive officers of a bank, the phrase "including the measures provided for in Article 440, paragraph (3)" in (d) of that item is deemed to be replaced with "including the measures provided for in Article 440, paragraph (3), and the posting under the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (1) of the Banking Act and the measures to make it available for public inspection under the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article, the posting under the provisions of Article 38, paragraph (1) of that Act and the measures to make it available for public inspection under the provisions of paragraph (2) of that Article, and the posting under the provisions of Article 52-2-9, paragraph (2) of that Act and the measures to make it available for public inspection under the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article".
銀行の取締役及び執行役に対する会社法第四百二十九条第二項第一号ニ（役員等の第三者に対する損害賠償責任）の規定の適用については、同号ニ中「を含む」とあるのは、「並びに銀行法第十六条第一項の規定による掲示及び同条第二項の規定による閲覧に供する措置、同法第三十八条第一項の規定による掲示及び同条第二項の規定による閲覧に供する措置並びに同法第五十二条の二の九第二項の規定による掲示及び同条第三項の規定による閲覧に供する措置を含む」とする。
Article 8Establishment of Business Offices
第八条（営業所の設置等）
Except in cases specified by Cabinet Office Order, a bank must file a notification with the Prime Minister pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order if the bank seeks to establish a branch office or other business office in Japan, change its location (including a change in the location of its head office), change its type, or close it.
銀行は、日本において支店その他の営業所の設置、位置の変更（本店の位置の変更を含む。）、種類の変更又は廃止をしようとするときは、内閣府令で定める場合を除き、内閣府令で定めるところにより、内閣総理大臣に届け出なければならない。
Except in cases specified by Cabinet Office Order, a bank must obtain the authorization by the Prime Minister pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order if the bank seeks to establish a branch office or other business office in a foreign country, change its type, or close it.
銀行は、外国において支店その他の営業所の設置、種類の変更又は廃止をしようとするときは、内閣府令で定める場合を除き、内閣府令で定めるところにより、内閣総理大臣の認可を受けなければならない。
A bank must obtain the authorization by the Prime Minister pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order if the bank seeks to conclude or terminate a contract under which it entrusts a person with an action set forth in one of the items of Article 2, paragraph (14) in a foreign country.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply when a bank seeks to conclude or terminate a contract referred to in that paragraph with a subsidiary company of that bank that constitutes a person engaged in banking in a foreign country in accordance with foreign laws and regulations, or with any other person specified by Cabinet Office Order. In such cases, the bank must file a notification with the Prime Minister in advance, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order.
Article 9Prohibition on Lending One's Name
第九条（名義貸しの禁止）