第十七条（共同訴訟）
Two or more persons may sue or be sued as coparties only in cases where claims made by or against those persons are a claim for the revocation of an original administrative disposition or administrative determination and its related claim.
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis.
Article 18Joinder of Additional Claim by Third Party
第十八条（第三者による請求の追加的併合）
A third party, until the conclusion of the oral argument of an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, may file an additional action pertaining to a related claim against either of the parties to the action for revocation, by joining these actions. In this case, if the action for the revocation of that administrative disposition is pending before a high court, the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.
Article 19Joinder of Additional Claim by Plaintiff
第十九条（原告による請求の追加的併合）
A plaintiff, until the conclusion of the oral argument of an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, may file an additional action pertaining to a related claim, by joining these actions. In this case, if the action for the revocation of that administrative disposition is pending before a high court, the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude actions for the revocation of administrative dispositions from being governed by the provisions of Article 143 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
前項の規定は、取消訴訟について民事訴訟法第百四十三条の規定の例によることを妨げない。
第二十条
When filing an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition by joining it, pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, with an action for the revocation of an administrative determination that has dismissed a request for an administrative review of the original administrative disposition, it is not required to obtain consent from the defendant in the action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the second sentence of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and when an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition is thus filed, it is deemed, with regard to compliance with the statute of limitations for filing an action, to have been filed at the time of the filing of the action for the revocation of an administrative determination.
Article 21Amendment of a Claim to a Claim Against the State or Public Entity
第二十一条（国又は公共団体に対する請求への訴えの変更）
When the court finds it appropriate to amend the claim that is subject matter of an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, to a claim for compensation for damages or any other claim against the State or a public entity in which the affairs pertaining to the original administrative disposition or administrative determination are vested, the court may, until the conclusion of the oral argument, upon the petition of the plaintiff, by an order, permit that amendment of the claim, unless there is any change to the basis for the claim.
The provisions of Article 15, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to an order set forth in the preceding paragraph.
The court, when making an order to permit amendment of a claim pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), must hear opinions in advance from the parties and the defendant in an action pertaining to a claim for compensation for damages or any other claim.
裁判所は、第一項の規定により訴えの変更を許す決定をするには、あらかじめ、当事者及び損害賠償その他の請求に係る訴えの被告の意見をきかなければならない。
An immediate appeal may be filed against an order to permit amendment of a claim.
訴えの変更を許す決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
No appeal may be entered against an order not to permit amendment of a claim.
訴えの変更を許さない決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
Article 22Intervention by Third Party
第二十二条（第三者の訴訟参加）
If the outcome of an action would prejudice a right of any third party, the court may, upon the petition of a party or the third party or by its own authority, by an order, have the third party intervene in the action.
裁判所は、訴訟の結果により権利を害される第三者があるときは、当事者若しくはその第三者の申立てにより又は職権で、決定をもつて、その第三者を訴訟に参加させることができる。
The court, when making an order set forth in the preceding paragraph, must hear opinions in advance from the parties and the third party.
裁判所は、前項の決定をするには、あらかじめ、当事者及び第三者の意見をきかなければならない。
A third party who has filed a petition set forth in paragraph (1) may file an immediate appeal against an order to dismiss the petition without prejudice.
第一項の申立てをした第三者は、その申立てを却下する決定に対して即時抗告をすることができる。
The provisions of Article 40, paragraph (1) through paragraph (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to a third party who has intervened in an action pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).
第一項の規定により訴訟に参加した第三者については、民事訴訟法第四十条第一項から第三項までの規定を準用する。
Where a third party has filed a petition for intervention pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 45, paragraph (3) and paragraph (4) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis.
第一項の規定により第三者が参加の申立てをした場合には、民事訴訟法第四十五条第三項及び第四項の規定を準用する。
Article 23Intervention by Administrative Authority
第二十三条（行政庁の訴訟参加）
When the court finds it necessary to have an administrative authority other than the one that has made an original administrative disposition or administrative determination intervene in an action, the court may, upon the petition of a party or that other administrative authority or by the court's own authority, by an order, have the administrative authority intervene in the action.
The court, when making an order set forth in the preceding paragraph, must hear opinions in advance from the parties and the administrative authority.
裁判所は、前項の決定をするには、あらかじめ、当事者及び当該行政庁の意見をきかなければならない。
The provisions of Article 45, paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure apply mutatis mutandis to an administrative authority which has intervened in an action pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).
第一項の規定により訴訟に参加した行政庁については、民事訴訟法第四十五条第一項及び第二項の規定を準用する。
Article 23-2Special Provisions on Order for Clarification
第二十三条の二（釈明処分の特則）
The court, when it finds it necessary in order to clarify the matters related to the action, may make the following dispositions:
裁判所は、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、必要があると認めるときは、次に掲げる処分をすることができる。
request any administrative authority affiliated with the State or the public entity that stands as a defendant, or the administrative authority that stands as a defendant, to submit the whole or part of the materials that clarify the content of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination, the provisions of the laws and regulations which give a basis for the original administrative disposition or administrative determination, the facts constituting the cause of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination and other grounds for the original administrative disposition or administrative determination (excluding the records of a case of request for an administrative review prescribed in the following paragraph), which are held by the administrative authority; and
commission any administrative authority other than those prescribed in the preceding item to send the whole or part of the materials prescribed in that item, which are held by the administrative authority.
When an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition is filed after an administrative determination is made in response to a request for administrative review of an original administrative disposition, the court may make the following dispositions:
request any administrative authority affiliated with the State or the public entity that stands as a defendant, or the administrative authority that stands as a defendant, to submit the whole or part of the records of the case of the request for administrative review, which are held by the administrative authority; and
被告である国若しくは公共団体に所属する行政庁又は被告である行政庁に対し、当該審査請求に係る事件の記録であつて当該行政庁が保有するものの全部又は一部の提出を求めること。
commission any administrative authority other than those prescribed in the preceding item to send the whole or part of the records of the case prescribed in that item, which are held by the administrative authority.
The court, when it finds it necessary, may examine evidence by its own authority; provided, however, that the court must hear opinions from the parties with regard to the results of the examination of evidence.
裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、職権で、証拠調べをすることができる。ただし、その証拠調べの結果について、当事者の意見をきかなければならない。
第二十五条（執行停止）
The filing of an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition does not preclude the effect of the original administrative disposition, the execution of the original administrative disposition or the continuation of any subsequent procedure.
Where an action for the revocation of the original administrative disposition is filed, if there is an urgent necessity in order to avoid any serious damage that would be caused by the original administrative disposition, the execution of the original administrative disposition or the continuation of any subsequent procedure, the court may, upon petition, by an order, stay the whole or part of the effect of the original administrative disposition, the execution of the original administrative disposition or the continuation of any subsequent procedure (hereinafter referred to as "stay of execution"); provided, however, that the court may not stay the effect of an original administrative disposition if the purpose can be achieved by staying the execution of the original administrative disposition or staying the continuation of any subsequent procedure.
When judging whether or not any serious damage would be caused as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the court is to consider the degree of difficulty in recovering from the damage and to take into consideration the nature and extent of the damage as well as the content and nature of the original administrative disposition.
Stay of execution may not be allowed when it is likely to seriously affect public welfare or when the action on the merits seems groundless.
執行停止は、公共の福祉に重大な影響を及ぼすおそれがあるとき、又は本案について理由がないとみえるときは、することができない。
An order set forth in paragraph (2) is made based on a prima facie showing.
第二項の決定は、疎明に基づいてする。
An order set forth in paragraph (2) may be made without oral argument; provided, however, that the court must hear opinions in advance from the parties before making the order.
第二項の決定は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。ただし、あらかじめ、当事者の意見をきかなければならない。
An immediate appeal may be filed against an order on a petition set forth in paragraph (2).
第二項の申立てに対する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
An immediate appeal against an order set forth in paragraph (2) does not have the effect of staying the execution of the order.
第二項の決定に対する即時抗告は、その決定の執行を停止する効力を有しない。
Article 26Revocation of Stay of Execution by reason of Change in Circumstances
第二十六条（事情変更による執行停止の取消し）
If, after an order of stay of execution has become final and binding, the reasons for stay of execution have ceased to exist or the circumstances have otherwise changed, the court may, upon the petition of the party subject to stay of execution, by an order, revoke the order of stay of execution.
執行停止の決定が確定した後に、その理由が消滅し、その他事情が変更したときは、裁判所は、相手方の申立てにより、決定をもつて、執行停止の決定を取り消すことができる。
The provisions of paragraph (5) thorough paragraph (8) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order on a petition set forth in the preceding paragraph and any objection against that order.
前項の申立てに対する決定及びこれに対する不服については、前条第五項から第八項までの規定を準用する。
Article 27Objection by the Prime Minister
第二十七条（内閣総理大臣の異議）
Where a petition set forth in Article 25, paragraph (2) is filed, the Prime Minister may make an objection to the petition to the court. An objection may also be made after an order of stay of execution is made.
An objection set forth in the preceding paragraph must be accompanied by the reasons therefor.
前項の異議には、理由を附さなければならない。
As for the reasons for an objection set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister is to explain the circumstances where public welfare is likely to be seriously affected unless the effect of the original administrative disposition is maintained, the original administrative disposition is executed or any subsequent procedure is continued.
When an objection set forth in paragraph (1) is made, the court may not order stay of execution, and if the court has already made an order of stay of execution, it must revoke the order.
An objection set forth in the second sentence of paragraph (1) must be made to the court that has made the order of stay of execution; provided, however, that when an appeal against the order is pending before a court in charge of the appeal, that objection must be made to the court in charge of the appeal.
Except where it is unavoidable, the Prime Minister may not make an objection set forth in paragraph (1), and if the Prime Minister has made an objection, the Prime Minister must report it to the Diet at the next ordinary session.
内閣総理大臣は、やむをえない場合でなければ、第一項の異議を述べてはならず、また、異議を述べたときは、次の常会において国会にこれを報告しなければならない。
Article 28Court with Jurisdiction over Stay of Execution
第二十八条（執行停止等の管轄裁判所）
The court with jurisdiction over a petition for a stay of execution or for the revocation of an order of stay of execution is the court before which the action on the merits is pending.
執行停止又はその決定の取消しの申立ての管轄裁判所は、本案の係属する裁判所とする。
Article 29Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Stay of Execution
第二十九条（執行停止に関する規定の準用）
The provisions of the preceding four Articles apply mutatis mutandis to the matters concerning stay of execution in cases where an action for the revocation of an administrative determination is filed.
Article 30Revocation of Discretionary Disposition
第三十条（裁量処分の取消し）
The court may revoke an original administrative disposition made by an administrative authority at its discretion only in cases where the disposition has been made beyond the bounds of the agency's discretionary power or through an abuse of that power.
行政庁の裁量処分については、裁量権の範囲をこえ又はその濫用があつた場合に限り、裁判所は、その処分を取り消すことができる。
Article 31Dismissal of Claim by reason of Special Circumstances
第三十一条（特別の事情による請求の棄却）
In an action for the revocation of an administrative disposition, the court may dismiss a claim with prejudice on the merits in cases where the original administrative disposition or administrative determination is illegal but the revocation thereof is likely to seriously affect public welfare, if the court, having considered the extent of any possible damage to be suffered by the plaintiff, the extent and method of compensation for or prevention of that damage and all other circumstances concerned, finds that the revocation of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination is not in line with public welfare. In this case, the court must declare the illegality of the original administrative disposition or administrative determination in the main text of the judgment of dismissal.
The court, when it finds it appropriate, may declare the illegality of an original administrative disposition or administrative determination by a judgment before making a final judgment.
The court may cite a judgment set forth in the preceding paragraph when stating the facts and reasons in a final judgment.
終局判決に事実及び理由を記載するには、前項の判決を引用することができる。
Article 32Effect of Judgment of Revocation
第三十二条（取消判決等の効力）
A judgment to revoke an original administrative disposition or administrative determination may also be effective against a third party.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to an order of stay of execution or an order to revoke an order of stay of execution.