Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 総則
第一条（目的）
The purpose of this Act is to provide measures for preventing unfair competition and compensating loss or damage caused by such competition, in order to ensure fair competition among businesses and the proper implementation of related international agreements, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
この法律は、事業者間の公正な競争及びこれに関する国際約束の的確な実施を確保するため、不正競争の防止及び不正競争に係る損害賠償に関する措置等を講じ、もって国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
第二条（定義）
The term "unfair competition" as used in this Act means any of the following:
この法律において「不正競争」とは、次に掲げるものをいう。
the act of creating confusion with another person's goods or business by using an indication of goods or business (meaning a name, trade name, trademark, marks, containers, or packaging for goods belonging to a person's business, or any other indication of a person's goods or business; the same applies below) that is identical or similar to another person's indication of goods or business that is well-known among consumers as belonging to that person, or by transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting, importing, or providing through telecommunications lines goods that use such an indication;
the act of using an indication of goods or business that is identical or similar to another person's famous indication of goods or business as one's own, or the act of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting, importing, or providing through telecommunications lines goods using such an indication;
自己の商品等表示として他人の著名な商品等表示と同一若しくは類似のものを使用し、又はその商品等表示を使用した商品を譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引渡しのために展示し、輸出し、輸入し、若しくは電気通信回線を通じて提供する行為
the act of transferring, leasing, displaying for the purpose of transfer or lease, exporting, importing, or providing through telecommunications lines goods that imitate the form of another person's goods (excluding what is indispensable to their functioning);
他人の商品の形態（当該商品の機能を確保するために不可欠な形態を除く。）を模倣した商品を譲渡し、貸し渡し、譲渡若しくは貸渡しのために展示し、輸出し、輸入し、又は電気通信回線を通じて提供する行為
the act of acquiring trade secrets by theft, fraud, duress, or other wrongful means (referred to as "act of wrongful acquisition of trade secrets" below), or the act of using or disclosing trade secrets acquired through an act of wrongful acquisition of trade secrets (including their disclosure in confidence to a specific person; the same applies to the following items, from the next one through item (ix), in Article 19, paragraph (1), item (vii), in Article 21, and in Article 4, item (i) of the Supplementary Provisions);
窃取、詐欺、強迫その他の不正の手段により営業秘密を取得する行為（以下「営業秘密不正取得行為」という。）又は営業秘密不正取得行為により取得した営業秘密を使用し、若しくは開示する行為（秘密を保持しつつ特定の者に示すことを含む。次号から第九号まで、第十九条第一項第七号、第二十一条及び附則第四条第一号において同じ。）
the act of acquiring trade secrets while knowing that there has been a wrongful acquisition of trade secrets, or while not knowing this fact due to gross negligence; or the act of using or disclosing trade secrets acquired in such a manner;
その営業秘密について営業秘密不正取得行為が介在したことを知って、若しくは重大な過失により知らないで営業秘密を取得し、又はその取得した営業秘密を使用し、若しくは開示する行為
the act of using or disclosing trade secrets, after acquiring those trade secrets and learning that there had been an act of wrongful acquisition, or while not knowing this fact due to gross negligence;
その取得した後にその営業秘密について営業秘密不正取得行為が介在したことを知って、又は重大な過失により知らないでその取得した営業秘密を使用し、又は開示する行為
the act of using or disclosing trade secrets provided by a business holding those trade secrets (referred to as "trade secret holder" below) for the purpose of wrongful gain or to cause damage to the trade secret holder;
営業秘密を保有する事業者（以下「営業秘密保有者」という。）からその営業秘密を示された場合において、不正の利益を得る目的で、又はその営業秘密保有者に損害を加える目的で、その営業秘密を使用し、又は開示する行為
the act of acquiring trade secrets while knowing that the disclosure of trade secrets constitutes improper disclosure (meaning, in the case prescribed in the preceding item, the act of disclosing trade secrets for the purpose prescribed in the same item, or the act of disclosing trade secrets in breach of a legal duty to maintain secrecy; the same applies below), or knowing that there has been improper disclosure of the relevant trade secrets, or while not knowing this fact due to gross negligence; or the act of using or disclosing trade secrets acquired in such a manner;
the act of using or disclosing trade secrets, after acquiring those trade secrets and learning that the relevant acquisition constitutes an act of improper disclosure of trade secrets, or that there had been an act of improper disclosure with regard to the relevant trade secrets, or while not knowing this fact due to gross negligence;
その取得した後にその営業秘密について営業秘密不正開示行為があったこと若しくはその営業秘密について営業秘密不正開示行為が介在したことを知って、又は重大な過失により知らないでその取得した営業秘密を使用し、又は開示する行為
the act of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting, importing, or providing through telecommunications lines things created by any of the acts stated in item (iv) through the preceding item (those acts being limited to acts of using a technical secret, meaning trade secrets that constitute technical information; the same applies below; referred to as "act of unauthorized use" in this item below); provided that the relevant case excludes situations in which a person that has received the things by transfer (limited to a person that, at the time of receiving the things, was unaware that they were created through an act of unauthorized use, and the lack of knowledge was not due to gross negligence) subsequently conducts an act of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting, importing, or providing through telecommunications lines those things;
the act of acquiring shared data with limited access by theft, fraud, duress, or other wrongful means (referred to as "act of wrongful acquisition of shared data with limited access" below); or the act of using or disclosing shared data with limited access acquired through such wrongful acquisition;
窃取、詐欺、強迫その他の不正の手段により限定提供データを取得する行為（以下「限定提供データ不正取得行為」という。）又は限定提供データ不正取得行為により取得した限定提供データを使用し、若しくは開示する行為
the act of acquiring shared data with limited access with the knowledge that there has been a wrongful acquisition of such data, or the act of using or disclosing shared data with limited access acquired in this manner;
その限定提供データについて限定提供データ不正取得行為が介在したことを知って限定提供データを取得し、又はその取得した限定提供データを使用し、若しくは開示する行為
the act of disclosing shared data with limited access after having acquired it and learning that there had been a wrongful acquisition of such data;
その取得した後にその限定提供データについて限定提供データ不正取得行為が介在したことを知ってその取得した限定提供データを開示する行為
the act of using or disclosing shared data with limited access provided by a business holding that data (referred to as "holder of shared data with limited access" below), for the purpose of wrongful gain or to cause damage to the holder of shared data with limited access (provided that such use of the data for that purpose is limited to acts conducted in breach of the duties related to the management of that data);
限定提供データを保有する事業者（以下「限定提供データ保有者」という。）からその限定提供データを示された場合において、不正の利益を得る目的で、又はその限定提供データ保有者に損害を加える目的で、その限定提供データを使用する行為（その限定提供データの管理に係る任務に違反して行うものに限る。）又は開示する行為
the act of acquiring shared data with limited access with knowledge that disclosing that data constitutes improper disclosure of shared data with limited access (meaning, in the case prescribed in the preceding item, the act of disclosing shared data with limited access for the purpose prescribed in the same item; the same applies below), or knowing that there has been improper disclosure of shared data with limited access regarding the relevant data, or the act of using or disclosing shared data with limited access acquired in such a manner;
the act of disclosing shared data with limited access after acquiring the data and learning that the relevant acquisition constitutes an act of improper disclosure of shared data with limited access, or that there has been an act of improper disclosure of such data;
その取得した後にその限定提供データについて限定提供データ不正開示行為があったこと又はその限定提供データについて限定提供データ不正開示行為が介在したことを知ってその取得した限定提供データを開示する行為
the act of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting, or importing a device (including a machine that incorporates a device and a set of parts from which a device can be easily assembled) with a function that interferes with the effectiveness of technological restriction measures used for business purposes (excluding those used to restrict all but specific persons from viewing images, listening to sounds, running programs, or processing information (limited to information recorded in an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record used in computerized information processing which is created in electronic, magnetic, or other forms that are not perceivable by the human senses alone; the same applies below); the same applies in this item, the following item, and paragraph (8) below), or from recording images, sounds, programs, or any other information), and enables viewing images, listening to sounds, running programs, processing information, or recording images, sounds, programs, or any other information (collectively referred to as "viewing images, etc." in this item below) when those activities are restricted by the relevant technological restriction measures, a recording medium on which a program with that function (including a combination of the program with other programs) or code with that function (meaning a single instruction given to a computer which only can produce a specific result; the same applies in the following item) has been recorded, or a machine on which the program or code with that function has been stored; the act of providing that program or code through telecommunications lines (if the device or program has any other function, these acts are limited to those conducted to provide the device or program for the purpose of enabling the viewing of images, etc. by interfering with the effectiveness of the technological restriction measures); or the act of providing a service that enables the viewing of images, etc. by interfering with the effectiveness of the technological restriction measures;
営業上用いられている技術的制限手段（他人が特定の者以外の者に影像若しくは音の視聴、プログラムの実行若しくは情報（電磁的記録（電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。）に記録されたものに限る。以下この号、次号及び第八項において同じ。）の処理又は影像、音、プログラムその他の情報の記録をさせないために用いているものを除く。）により制限されている影像若しくは音の視聴、プログラムの実行若しくは情報の処理又は影像、音、プログラムその他の情報の記録（以下この号において「影像の視聴等」という。）を当該技術的制限手段の効果を妨げることにより可能とする機能を有する装置（当該装置を組み込んだ機器及び当該装置の部品一式であって容易に組み立てることができるものを含む。）、当該機能を有するプログラム（当該プログラムが他のプログラムと組み合わされたものを含む。）若しくは指令符号（電子計算機に対する指令であって、当該指令のみによって一の結果を得ることができるものをいう。次号において同じ。）を記録した記録媒体若しくは記憶した機器を譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引渡しのために展示し、輸出し、若しくは輸入し、若しくは当該機能を有するプログラム若しくは指令符号を電気通信回線を通じて提供する行為（当該装置又は当該プログラムが当該機能以外の機能を併せて有する場合にあっては、影像の視聴等を当該技術的制限手段の効果を妨げることにより可能とする用途に供するために行うものに限る。）又は影像の視聴等を当該技術的制限手段の効果を妨げることにより可能とする役務を提供する行為
the act of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting or importing a device (including a machine that incorporates a device and a set of parts from which a device can be easily assembled) with a function that interferes with technological restriction measures used by another person in their business to restrict viewing images, listening to sounds, running programs, processing information, or recording images, sounds, programs, or other information to specific persons, and makes it possible for anyone other than those specific persons to engage in those activities (referred to as "viewing images, etc." in this item below), when those activities are restricted by the relevant technological restriction measures, a recording medium on which a program with that function (including a combination of the program with other programs) or code with that function has been recorded, or a machine on which that program or code has been stored; or the act of providing that program or code through telecommunications lines to any person other than the relevant specific persons (if the device or program has any other functions, these acts are limited to those conducted for the purpose of enabling the viewing of images, etc. by interfering with the technological restriction measures); or the act of providing a service that enables any person other than the relevant specific persons to view images, etc., by interfering with the technological restriction measures;
他人が特定の者以外の者に影像若しくは音の視聴、プログラムの実行若しくは情報の処理又は影像、音、プログラムその他の情報の記録をさせないために営業上用いている技術的制限手段により制限されている影像若しくは音の視聴、プログラムの実行若しくは情報の処理又は影像、音、プログラムその他の情報の記録（以下この号において「影像の視聴等」という。）を当該技術的制限手段の効果を妨げることにより可能とする機能を有する装置（当該装置を組み込んだ機器及び当該装置の部品一式であって容易に組み立てることができるものを含む。）、当該機能を有するプログラム（当該プログラムが他のプログラムと組み合わされたものを含む。）若しくは指令符号を記録した記録媒体若しくは記憶した機器を当該特定の者以外の者に譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引渡しのために展示し、輸出し、若しくは輸入し、若しくは当該機能を有するプログラム若しくは指令符号を電気通信回線を通じて提供する行為（当該装置又は当該プログラムが当該機能以外の機能を併せて有する場合にあっては、影像の視聴等を当該技術的制限手段の効果を妨げることにより可能とする用途に供するために行うものに限る。）又は影像の視聴等を当該技術的制限手段の効果を妨げることにより可能とする役務を提供する行為
the act of acquiring or holding the right to use a domain name that is identical or similar to another person's specific indication of goods or business (meaning a name, trade name, trademark, marks, or any other indication of goods or services belonging to a person's business), or using such a domain name for the purpose of wrongful gain or causing damage to that person;
the act of using an indication on goods or services, in an advertisement for the goods or services, or in trade documents or communications related to the goods or services, in a way that is likely to mislead as to the place of origin, quality, content, manufacturing process, purpose, or quantity of the goods, or the quality, content, purpose, or quantity of the services; the act of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transfer or delivery, exporting, importing, or providing through telecommunications lines goods using such an indication; or the act of providing services using such an indication;
商品若しくは役務若しくはその広告若しくは取引に用いる書類若しくは通信にその商品の原産地、品質、内容、製造方法、用途若しくは数量若しくはその役務の質、内容、用途若しくは数量について誤認させるような表示をし、又はその表示をした商品を譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引渡しのために展示し、輸出し、輸入し、若しくは電気通信回線を通じて提供し、若しくはその表示をして役務を提供する行為
the act of making or circulating false allegations that harm the business reputation of a business competitor; or
競争関係にある他人の営業上の信用を害する虚偽の事実を告知し、又は流布する行為
an act by an agent or representative of a holder of a right to a trademark (the right is limited to a right that is equivalent to a trademark right; simply referred to as "right" in this item below), or by a person that was such an agent or representative within one year of the date of the act in question, without justifiable grounds and without the consent of the holder of the right, in a country that is a member of the Union established by the Paris Convention (as prescribed in Article 4, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the Trademark Act (Act No. 127 of 1959)), a country that is a member of the World Trade Organization, or a country that is a contracting party to the Trademark Law Treaty, which constitutes the use of a trademark identical or similar to the holder's trademark on goods or services identical or similar to those related to the holder's right; the transfer, delivery, display for the purpose of transfer or delivery, export, import, or provision through telecommunications lines of goods that are identical or similar to those related to the holder's right, on which a trademark identical or similar to the holder's trademark has been used; or the provision of services identical or similar to those related to the holder's right, using a trademark identical or similar to the holder's trademark.
パリ条約（商標法（昭和三十四年法律第百二十七号）第四条第一項第二号に規定するパリ条約をいう。）の同盟国、世界貿易機関の加盟国又は商標法条約の締約国において商標に関する権利（商標権に相当する権利に限る。以下この号において単に「権利」という。）を有する者の代理人若しくは代表者又はその行為の日前一年以内に代理人若しくは代表者であった者が、正当な理由がないのに、その権利を有する者の承諾を得ないでその権利に係る商標と同一若しくは類似の商標をその権利に係る商品若しくは役務と同一若しくは類似の商品若しくは役務に使用し、又は当該商標を使用したその権利に係る商品と同一若しくは類似の商品を譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引渡しのために展示し、輸出し、輸入し、若しくは電気通信回線を通じて提供し、若しくは当該商標を使用してその権利に係る役務と同一若しくは類似の役務を提供する行為
The term "trademark" as used in this Act means a trademark as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Trademark Act.
この法律において「商標」とは、商標法第二条第一項に規定する商標をいう。
The term "marks" as used in this Act means marks as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Trademark Act.
この法律において「標章」とは、商標法第二条第一項に規定する標章をいう。
The term "form of goods" as used in this Act means the external and internal shape of goods, as well as the pattern, color, gloss, and texture combined with the shape, which can be perceived by consumers when they use the goods in an ordinary manner.
この法律において「商品の形態」とは、需要者が通常の用法に従った使用に際して知覚によって認識することができる商品の外部及び内部の形状並びにその形状に結合した模様、色彩、光沢及び質感をいう。
The term "imitate" as used in this Act means the act of using the form of another person's goods to create goods that have a form substantially similar to that of the original goods.
この法律において「模倣する」とは、他人の商品の形態に依拠して、これと実質的に同一の形態の商品を作り出すことをいう。
The term "trade secret" as used in this Act means technical or business information useful for business activities, such as manufacturing or marketing methods, that is kept secret and not publicly known.
この法律において「営業秘密」とは、秘密として管理されている生産方法、販売方法その他の事業活動に有用な技術上又は営業上の情報であって、公然と知られていないものをいう。
The term "shared data with limited access" as used in this Act means technical or business information that is accumulated to a significant extent and managed by electronic or magnetic means (meaning electronic, magnetic, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses alone; the same applies in the following paragraph), and is intended to be provided to specific persons on a regular basis (excluding trade secrets).
The term "technological restriction measures" as used in this Act means measures that restrict the viewing of images, listening to sounds, running of programs, or processing of information, or the recording of images, sounds, programs, or any other information by electronic or magnetic means; and which use methods in which signals to which a viewing device, etc. (meaning a device used for viewing images, listening to sounds, running programs, processing information, or recording images, sounds, programs, or any other information; the same applies in this paragraph below) responds in a specific way, and where such signals are recorded onto a recording medium or transmitted, or where images, sounds, programs, or other information are recorded or transmitted after being converted in a manner that requires a viewing device, etc. to specifically convert them.
The term "program" as used in this Act means a set of instructions for a computer to achieve a specific result.
この法律において「プログラム」とは、電子計算機に対する指令であって、一の結果を得ることができるように組み合わされたものをいう。
The term "domain name" as used in this Act means letters, numbers, signs, or other symbols, or a combination of them, that corresponds to a combination of numbers, signs, or letters assigned to identify individual computers on the Internet.
この法律において「ドメイン名」とは、インターネットにおいて、個々の電子計算機を識別するために割り当てられる番号、記号又は文字の組合せに対応する文字、番号、記号その他の符号又はこれらの結合をいう。