a permanent resident: the day on which 3 years have elapsed from the Effective Date (for a person under 16 years of age on the Effective Date, the day on which 3 years have elapsed from the Effective Date or the person's 16th birthday (if the birthday of the foreign national is February 29, the foreign national's birthday in a year other than a leap year is deemed to be February 28; the same applies hereinafter), whichever comes earlier);