# 人事訴訟法 / Personal Status Litigation Act — 第十二条 (Article 12) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 人事訴訟法 (Personal Status Litigation Act), 平成十五年法律第百九号 - English title "Personal Status Litigation Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第十二条 (Article 12)（被告適格） — address `art-12` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第十二条（被告適格） — (Standing as a Defendant) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12 **第一項** 人事に関する訴えであって当該訴えに係る身分関係の当事者の一方が提起するものにおいては、特別の定めがある場合を除き、他の一方を被告とする。 art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12/par-1 Except as otherwise provided, in a personal status action that is filed by one party to the familial relationship that the action in question concerns, the other party to the familial relationship is to be named as the defendant. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 人事に関する訴えであって当該訴えに係る身分関係の当事者以外の者が提起するものにおいては、特別の定めがある場合を除き、当該身分関係の当事者の双方を被告とし、その一方が死亡した後は、他の一方を被告とする。 art-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12/par-2 Except as otherwise provided, in a personal status action that is filed by a person other than a party to the familial relationship that the action in question concerns, both of the parties to the familial relationship are to be named as defendant; if one of the parties has died, the other party is to be named as the defendant. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項の規定により当該訴えの被告とすべき者が死亡し、被告とすべき者がないときは、検察官を被告とする。 art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12/par-3 If a person that is to be named as a defendant in the relevant action pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs dies and there is no other person that is to be named as a defendant, the public prosecutor is to be named as the defendant. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-12/par-3: 前二項 → 人事訴訟法 第十二条第一項 (Article 12, paragraph (1)), art-12/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12/par-1 - art-12/par-3: 前二項 → 人事訴訟法 第十二条第二項 (Article 12, paragraph (2)), art-12/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12/par-2 ## Cited by 3 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 人事訴訟法 第十二条第三項（被告適格） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-12/par-3 - 人事訴訟法 第二十六条第一項（訴訟手続の中断及び受継） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-26/par-1 - 人事訴訟法 第二十六条第二項（訴訟手続の中断及び受継） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/personal-status-litigation-act/art-26/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000109/art-26/par-2 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 人事訴訟法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/415AC0000000109/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-02 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Personal Status Litigation Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5166/tb), retrieved 2026-11-02 - This site's parser, version 220 — 人事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-02