# 出入国管理及び難民認定法 / Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act — 第六十一条の二の十八 (Article 61-2-18) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/ja/immigration-control-act/art-61-2-18. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 出入国管理及び難民認定法 (Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act), 昭和二十六年政令第三百十九号 - English title "Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Issued as a Cabinet Order and given the force of an Act, which is why its number says 政令: Some rules made during the Allied occupation were issued as Cabinet Orders, as orders implementing Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration, and an Act passed in 1952 gave them the force of an Act. They keep the Cabinet Order number they were issued under, which is why e-Gov lists the law as an Act while its number says 政令 (Cabinet Order). The Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (出入国管理及び難民認定法) is one: it was promulgated in 1951 as the Immigration Control Order (出入国管理令), Cabinet Order No. 319 of 1951, has had the force of an Act under Article 4 of Act No. 126 of 1952, took its present title on 1 January 1982, and every amendment on e-Gov's record of it was made by an Act. - Provision: 第六十一条の二の十八 (Article 61-2-18)（難民の認定等を適正に行うための措置） — address `art-61-2-18` - Text in force since: 2026-10-01 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/immigration-control-act/art-61-2-18 - e-Gov law ID: 326CO0000000319 — never renamed. A permanent link, `/l/{lawId}/{address}` on this site, redirects to the page. - Every provision below carries its address and its URL on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第六十一条の二の十八（難民の認定等を適正に行うための措置） — Measures for Appropriate Recognition of Refugee Status, etc. caption: machine translation, not official art-61-2-18 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/immigration-control-act/art-61-2-18 **第一項** 法務大臣は、難民の認定及び補完的保護対象者の認定を専門的知識に基づき適正に行うため、国際情勢に関する情報の収集を行うとともに、難民調査官の育成に努めるものとする。 art-61-2-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/immigration-control-act/art-61-2-18/par-1 In order to appropriately grant recognition of refugee status and recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection based on expert knowledge, the Minister of Justice is to collect information on international circumstances and endeavor to train refugee inquirers. machine translation, not official **第二項** 難民調査官には、外国人の人権に関する理解を深めさせ、並びに難民条約の趣旨及び内容、国際情勢に関する知識その他難民の認定及び補完的保護対象者の認定に関する事務を適正に行うために必要な知識及び技能を習得させ、及び向上させるために必要な研修を行うものとする。 art-61-2-18/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/immigration-control-act/art-61-2-18/par-2 Refugee inquirers are to receive the training necessary to deepen their understanding of the human rights of foreign nationals and to acquire and improve their knowledge of the purpose and content of the Refugee Convention, knowledge of international circumstances and other knowledge and skills necessary for appropriately carrying out affairs concerning recognition of refugee status and recognition as a person eligible for complementary protection. machine translation, not official --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 出入国管理及び難民認定法 — the text in force from 2026-10-01 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/326CO0000000319/20261001_508AC0000000032), retrieved 2026-10-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/3624/tb), retrieved 2026-09-13 - claude-opus-5[1m] — Machine translation, batch immigration-control-act-20260913T134912-030, translated 2026-09-13 - This site's parser, version 225 — 出入国管理及び難民認定法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-05