# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第二十三条 (Article 23) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第二十三条 (Article 23)（支配人の競業の禁止） — address `art-23` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第二十三条（支配人の競業の禁止） — (Non-Competition by Managers) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23 **第一項** 支配人は、商人の許可を受けなければ、次に掲げる行為をしてはならない。 art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1 A manager must not engage in any of the following conduct without the permission of the merchant: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 自ら営業を行うこと。 art-23/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-1 carrying on an independent business; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 自己又は第三者のためにその商人の営業の部類に属する取引をすること。 art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-2 conducting a transaction that is in the merchant's line of business for the benefit of the manager or a third party; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 他の商人又は会社若しくは外国会社の使用人となること。 art-23/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-3 becoming the employee of another merchant or of a company or foreign company; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 会社の取締役、執行役又は業務を執行する社員となること。 art-23/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-4 becoming the director, executive officer, or executive managing member of a company. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 支配人が前項の規定に違反して同項第二号に掲げる行為をしたときは、当該行為によって支配人又は第三者が得た利益の額は、商人に生じた損害の額と推定する。 art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-2 If a manager has engaged in the conduct set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph in violation of the provisions of that paragraph, the amount of profit that the manager or third party has earned as a result of the conduct is presumed to be the amount of damage that the merchant has incurred. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-23/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第二十三条第一項 (Article 23, paragraph (1)), art-23/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1 - art-23/par-2: 同項第二号 → 商法 第二十三条第一項第二号 (Article 23, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-23/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-2 ## Cited by 1 provision cites this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 商法 第二十三条第二項（支配人の競業の禁止） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/commercial-code/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-2 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05