# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第五章 (Part 2, Chapter 5) - Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号 - English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第五章 (Part 2, Chapter 5) — address `pt-2/ch-5` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-5 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-5 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第五章　判決 — Chapter V Judgment heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-5 ### 第二百四十三条（終局判決） — (Final Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-243 **第一項** 裁判所は、訴訟が裁判をするのに熟したときは、終局判決をする。 art-243/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-243/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-243/par-1 When litigation has been sufficiently developed to allow the court to reach a judicial decision, the court enters a final judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 裁判所は、訴訟の一部が裁判をするのに熟したときは、その一部について終局判決をすることができる。 art-243/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-243/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-243/par-2 If a part of litigation has been sufficiently developed to allow the court to reach a judicial decision, the court may enter a final judgment with regard to that part. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前項の規定は、口頭弁論の併合を命じた数個の訴訟中その一が裁判をするのに熟した場合及び本訴又は反訴が裁判をするのに熟した場合について準用する。 art-243/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-243/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-243/par-3 The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if one of the several pieces of litigation for which the consolidation of oral arguments has been ordered, has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached, or if the principal action or counterclaim has been sufficiently developed to allow a judicial decision to be reached. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百四十四条 art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-244 **第一項** 裁判所は、当事者の双方又は一方が口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論をしないで退廷をした場合において、審理の現状及び当事者の訴訟追行の状況を考慮して相当と認めるときは、終局判決をすることができる。ただし、当事者の一方が口頭弁論の期日に出頭せず、又は弁論をしないで退廷をした場合には、出頭した相手方の申出があるときに限る。 art-244/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-244/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-244/par-1 If one or both parties fails to appear or leaves court without presenting oral arguments on a date for oral arguments, and the court finds it to be appropriate in consideration of the current status of the trial and the status of each party's conduct of the litigation, it may reach a final judgment; provided, however, that if one of the parties fails to appear or leaves court without presenting an oral argument on a date for oral arguments, this applies only at the request of the adverse party who appeared on that date. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百四十五条（中間判決） — (Interlocutory Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-245 **第一項** 裁判所は、独立した攻撃又は防御の方法その他中間の争いについて、裁判をするのに熟したときは、中間判決をすることができる。請求の原因及び数額について争いがある場合におけるその原因についても、同様とする。 art-245/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-245/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-245/par-1 If an independent allegation or piece of evidence or any other interlocutory dispute has been sufficiently developed for the court to reach a judicial decision on it, the court may enter an interlocutory judgment. The same applies with regard to the statement of the claim if it, or the number or amount concerned, is in dispute. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百四十六条（判決事項） — (Matters to Be Adjudicated) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-246 **第一項** 裁判所は、当事者が申し立てていない事項について、判決をすることができない。 art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-246/par-1 The court may not reach a judgment on any matter not raised by the parties. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百四十七条（自由心証主義） — (Principle of the Freedom of Personal Conviction) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-247 **第一項** 裁判所は、判決をするに当たり、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果をしん酌して、自由な心証により、事実についての主張を真実と認めるべきか否かを判断する。 art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-247/par-1 In reaching a judgment, the court decides whether to find allegations of fact to be true based on its freedom of personal conviction, in light of the entire import of oral arguments and the results of the examination of evidence. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百四十八条（損害額の認定） — (Finding the Amount of Damage) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-248 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-248 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-248 **第一項** 損害が生じたことが認められる場合において、損害の性質上その額を立証することが極めて困難であるときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果に基づき、相当な損害額を認定することができる。 art-248/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-248/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-248/par-1 If damage is found to have occurred, but, due to the nature of the damage, it is extremely difficult to prove the amount of damage that occurred, the court may reach a finding on the amount of damage that is reasonable, based on the entire import of oral arguments and the results of the examination of evidence. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百四十九条（直接主義） — (Principle of Directness) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-249 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-249 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-249 **第一項** 判決は、その基本となる口頭弁論に関与した裁判官がする。 art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-249/par-1 Judgment is rendered by a judge who has participated in the oral arguments that form the basis for that judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 裁判官が代わった場合には、当事者は、従前の口頭弁論の結果を陳述しなければならない。 art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-249/par-2 If a judge has been replaced, the parties must state the results of prior oral arguments. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 単独の裁判官が代わった場合又は合議体の裁判官の過半数が代わった場合において、その前に尋問をした証人について、当事者が更に尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所は、その尋問をしなければならない。 art-249/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-249/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-249/par-3 If a single, independent judge or the majority of a panel of judges has been replaced and a party requests that a witness who was examined before the replacement be examined again, the court must examine the witness. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十条（判決の発効） — (Entry Into Force of a Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-250 **第一項** 判決は、言渡しによってその効力を生ずる。 art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-250/par-1 A judgment enters into force when it is rendered. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十一条（言渡期日） — (Date for Rendition of Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-251 **第一項** 判決の言渡しは、口頭弁論の終結の日から二月以内にしなければならない。ただし、事件が複雑であるときその他特別の事情があるときは、この限りでない。 art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-251/par-1 The court must render a judgment within two months of the date on which oral arguments conclude; provided, however, that this does not apply if the case is complex or there are any other special circumstances. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 判決の言渡しは、当事者が在廷しない場合においても、することができる。 art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-251/par-2 The court may render a judgment even if the parties are not present in court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十二条（電子判決書） — (Electronic Judgments) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252 **第一項** 裁判所は、判決の言渡しをするときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、次に掲げる事項を記録した電磁的記録（以下「電子判決書」という。）を作成しなければならない。 art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1 When the court renders a judgment, it must create an electronic or magnetic record in which it records the following things ( referred to below as an "electronic judgment"), as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 主文 art-252/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1/item-1 the main text of the judgment; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 事実 art-252/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1/item-2 the facts; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 理由 art-252/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1/item-3 the grounds; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 口頭弁論の終結の日 art-252/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1/item-4 the date of conclusion of oral arguments; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 当事者及び法定代理人 art-252/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1/item-5 the parties and legal representatives; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **六** 裁判所 art-252/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1/item-6 the court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定による事実の記録においては、請求を明らかにし、かつ、主文が正当であることを示すのに必要な主張を摘示しなければならない。 art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-2 In its record of the facts under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court must clarify the claim and summarize the main points of the allegations needed to show that the content of the main text is justified. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十三条（言渡しの方式） — (Form for Rendering Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-253 **第一項** 判決の言渡しは、前条第一項の規定により作成された電子判決書に基づいてする。 art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-253/par-1 The court renders its judgment based on an electronic judgment created pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 裁判所は、前項の規定により判決の言渡しをした場合には、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、言渡しに係る電子判決書をファイルに記録しなければならない。 art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-253/par-2 Once the court has rendered a judgment pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it must record the electronic judgment on which this was based in its computer files, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十四条（言渡しの方式の特則） — (Special Provisions on the Form for Rendering Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-254 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254 **第一項** 次に掲げる場合において、原告の請求を認容するときは、判決の言渡しは、前条の規定にかかわらず、電子判決書に基づかないですることができる。 art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254/par-1 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, in the following cases, if the court upholds the plaintiff's claim, it may render a judgment that is not based on an electronic judgment: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合 art-254/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254/par-1/item-1 if the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff in oral arguments or does not advance any allegations or evidence; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 被告が公示送達による呼出しを受けたにもかかわらず口頭弁論の期日に出頭しない場合（被告の提出した準備書面が口頭弁論において陳述されたものとみなされた場合を除く。） art-254/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254/par-1/item-2 if the defendant, despite being summoned through service by publication, does not appear on a date for oral arguments (unless a brief submitted by the defendant is deemed to be the defendant's statement in oral arguments). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 裁判所は、前項の規定により判決の言渡しをしたときは、電子判決書の作成に代えて、裁判所書記官に、当事者及び法定代理人、主文、請求並びに理由の要旨を、判決の言渡しをした口頭弁論期日の電子調書に記録させなければならない。 art-254/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254/par-2 If the court has rendered a judgment pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in lieu of preparing an electronic judgment, the court must have the court clerk make a record of the parties and legal representatives, the main text of the judgment, the claims, and the gist of the grounds, in the electronic record for the oral arguments date on which the judgment is rendered. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十五条（電子判決書等の送達） — (Service of Electronic Judgments) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-255 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255 **第一項** 電子判決書（第二百五十三条第二項の規定によりファイルに記録されたものに限る。次項、第二百八十五条、第三百五十五条第二項、第三百五十七条、第三百七十八条第一項及び第三百八十一条の七第一項において同じ。）又は前条第二項の規定により当事者及び法定代理人、主文、請求並びに理由の要旨が記録された電子調書（第百六十条第二項の規定によりファイルに記録されたものに限る。次項、第二百六十一条第五項、第二百八十五条、第三百五十七条及び第三百七十八条第一項において同じ。）は、当事者に送達しなければならない。 art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255/par-1 An electronic judgment (limited to one recorded in the court's computer files pursuant to the provisions of Article 253, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following paragraph, Article 285, Article 355, paragraph (2), Article 357, Article 378, paragraph (1) and Article 381-7, paragraph (1)) or an electronic record containing a record of the parties and legal representatives, the main text of the judgment, the claims, and the gist of the grounds pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article (limited to a statement recorded in the court's computer files pursuant to the provisions of Article 160, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following paragraph, Article 261, paragraph (5), Article 285, Article 357 and Article 378, paragraph (1)) must be served on the parties. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "Article 255 (1) An electronic judgment (limited to one recorded in the court's computer files pursuant to the provisions of Article 253, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following paragraph, Article 285, Article 355, paragraph (2), Article 357, Article 378, paragraph (1) and Article 381-7, paragraph (1)) or an electronic record containing a record of the parties and legal representatives, the main text of the judgment, the claims, and the gist of the grounds pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article (limited to a statement recorded in the court's computer files pursuant to the provisions of Article 160, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following paragraph, Article 261, paragraph (5), Article 285, Article 357 and Article 378, paragraph (1)) must be served on the parties." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb **第二項** 前項に規定する送達は、次に掲げる方法のいずれかによってする。 art-255/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255/par-2 Service prescribed in the preceding paragraph is effected by any of the following means: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 電子判決書又は電子調書に記録されている事項を記載した書面であって裁判所書記官が最高裁判所規則で定める方法により当該書面の内容が当該電子判決書又は当該電子調書に記録されている事項と同一であることを証明したものの送達 art-255/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255/par-2/item-1 the service of a document that gives the information recorded in an electronic judgment or electronic record and whose content the court clerk has certified, by a means specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court, to be identical to what is recorded in the electronic judgment or electronic record; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 第百九条の二の規定による送達 art-255/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255/par-2/item-2 the service under the provisions of Article 109-2. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十六条（変更の判決） — (Judgment for Modification) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256 **第一項** 裁判所は、判決に法令の違反があることを発見したときは、その言渡し後一週間以内に限り、変更の判決をすることができる。ただし、判決が確定したとき、又は判決を変更するため事件につき更に弁論をする必要があるときは、この限りでない。 art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256/par-1 If the court finds a violation of law or regulation in a judgment, it may reach a judgment to modify it, but only within one week after the judgment's rendition; provided, however, that this does not apply if the judgment has become final and binding or additional oral arguments in the case are necessary in order to modify the judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 変更の判決は、口頭弁論を経ないでする。 art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256/par-2 A judgment for modification is reached without oral arguments being heard. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 電子呼出状（第九十四条第二項の規定によりファイルに記録されたものに限る。）により前項の判決の言渡期日の呼出しを行う場合においては、次の各号に掲げる送達の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める時に、その送達があったものとみなす。 art-256/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256/par-3 If a summons to appear on the date for the rendition of a judgment as referred to in the preceding paragraph is served by an electronic writ of summons (limited to a summons recorded in the court's computer files pursuant to the provisions of Article 94, paragraph (2)), service is deemed to have been effected at the times specified in the following items for the categories of service stated in those items: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 第百九条の規定による送達　同条の規定により作成した書面を送達すべき場所に宛てて発した時 art-256/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256/par-3/item-1 service under the provisions of Article 109:the time when a document created pursuant to the provisions of that Article is sent off to the place where service is to be effected; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 第百九条の二の規定による送達　同条第一項本文の通知が発せられた時 art-256/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256/par-3/item-2 service under the provisions of Article 109-2:the time when a notice under the main clause of paragraph (1) of that Article is sent off. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十七条（判決の更正決定） — (Ruling to Correct a Judgment) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-257 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-257 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-257 **第一項** 判決に計算違い、誤記その他これらに類する明白な誤りがあるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、いつでも更正決定をすることができる。 art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-257/par-1 If there is a miscalculation, clerical error, or any other clear error similar to this in a judgment, the court may issue a corrective ruling at any time, upon petition or sua sponte. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の更正決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。ただし、判決に対し適法な控訴があったときは、この限りでない。 art-257/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-257/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-257/par-2 An immediate appeal may be filed against a corrective ruling under the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply if a lawful appeal to the court of second instance has been filed against the judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項の申立てを不適法として却下した決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。ただし、判決に対し適法な控訴があったときは、この限りでない。 art-257/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-257/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-257/par-3 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling to deny the petition under paragraph (1) as not in accordance with the law; provided, however, that this does not apply if a lawful appeal to the court of second instance is filed against the judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十八条（裁判の脱漏） — (Omission in a Judicial Decision) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258 **第一項** 裁判所が請求の一部について裁判を脱漏したときは、訴訟は、その請求の部分については、なおその裁判所に係属する。 art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258/par-1 If the court omits to address part of a claim in a judicial decision, litigation of that part of the claim remains pending before that court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 訴訟費用の負担の裁判を脱漏したときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、その訴訟費用の負担について、決定で、裁判をする。この場合においては、第六十一条から第六十六条までの規定を準用する。 art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258/par-2 If the court omits to address the bearing of court costs in a judicial decision, the court reaches a judicial decision on the bearing of court costs in the form of a ruling, upon petition or sua sponte. In such a case, the provisions of Articles 61 through 66 apply mutatis mutandis. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-258/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258/par-3 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 第二項の規定による訴訟費用の負担の裁判は、本案判決に対し適法な控訴があったときは、その効力を失う。この場合においては、控訴裁判所は、訴訟の総費用について、その負担の裁判をする。 art-258/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258/par-4 A judicial decision on the bearing of court costs under the provisions of paragraph (2) ceases to be effective if a lawful appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment on the merits. In such a case, the court of second instance reaches a judicial decision on the bearing of the total costs of the litigation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百五十九条（仮執行の宣言） — (Declaration of Provisional Enforcement) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-259 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259 **第一項** 財産権上の請求に関する判決については、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、担保を立てて、又は立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言することができる。 art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-1 In a judgment involving a claim on a property right, if the court finds it to be necessary, it may declare, upon petition or sua sponte, that provisional enforcement may be effected if security is provided or that provisional enforcement may be effected without security being provided. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 手形又は小切手による金銭の支払の請求及びこれに附帯する法定利率による損害賠償の請求に関する判決については、裁判所は、職権で、担保を立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。ただし、裁判所が相当と認めるときは、仮執行を担保を立てることに係らしめることができる。 art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-2 With regard to a judgment on a claim for the payment of money for a bill, note, or check and an incidental claim for damages at the statutory interest rate, the court must issue a sua sponte declaration that provisional enforcement may be effected without security being provided; provided, however, that if the court finds it to be appropriate, it may require the provisions of security for provisional enforcement. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、担保を立てて仮執行を免れることができることを宣言することができる。 art-259/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-3 The court, upon petition or sua sponte, may declare that it is possible to avoid provisional enforcement by providing security. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 仮執行の宣言は、判決の主文に掲げなければならない。前項の規定による宣言についても、同様とする。 art-259/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-4 Any declaration of provisional enforceability must be stated in the main text of the judgment. The same applies to any declaration under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 仮執行の宣言の申立てについて裁判をしなかったとき、又は職権で仮執行の宣言をすべき場合においてこれをしなかったときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、補充の決定をする。第三項の申立てについて裁判をしなかったときも、同様とする。 art-259/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-5 If the court has not reached a judicial decision on a petition for a declaration of provisional enforceability or has not issued a declaration of provisional enforceability that it should have issued sua sponte, it issues a supplemental ruling upon petition or sua sponte. The same applies if the court has not reached a judicial decision on a petition as referred to in paragraph (3). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 第七十六条、第七十七条、第七十九条及び第八十条の規定は、第一項から第三項までの担保について準用する。 art-259/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-6 The provisions of Articles 76, 77, 79 and 80 apply mutatis mutandis to security as referred to in paragraphs (1) through (3). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百六十条（仮執行の宣言の失効及び原状回復等） — (Loss of Effect of a Declaration of Provisional Enforcement and Restoration) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-260 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-260 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-260 **第一項** 仮執行の宣言は、その宣言又は本案判決を変更する判決の言渡しにより、変更の限度においてその効力を失う。 art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-260/par-1 A declaration of provisional enforceability ceases to be valid to the extent of any modification, if a judgment is rendered modifying the declaration or the judgment on the merits. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 本案判決を変更する場合には、裁判所は、被告の申立てにより、その判決において、仮執行の宣言に基づき被告が給付したものの返還及び仮執行により又はこれを免れるために被告が受けた損害の賠償を原告に命じなければならない。 art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-260/par-2 When modifying a judgment on the merits, at the petition of the defendant, the court must order the plaintiff to return what the defendant delivered based on a declaration of provisional enforceability, and to compensate for any damage the defendant has suffered due to provisional enforcement or in order to avoid it, in its judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 仮執行の宣言のみを変更したときは、後に本案判決を変更する判決について、前項の規定を適用する。 art-260/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-260/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-260/par-3 If only a declaration of provisional enforceability is modified, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a later judgment modifying a judgment on the merits. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-243/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百四十三条第二項 (Article 243, paragraph (2)), art-243/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-243/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-243/par-2 - art-252/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十二条第一項 (Article 252, paragraph (1)), art-252/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1 - art-253/par-1: 前条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十二条第一項 (Article 252, paragraph (1)), art-252/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-252/par-1 - art-253/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十三条第一項 (Article 253, paragraph (1)), art-253/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-253/par-1 - art-254/par-1: 前条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十三条 (Article 253), art-253 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-253 - art-254/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十四条第一項 (Article 254, paragraph (1)), art-254/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254/par-1 - art-255/par-1: 第二百五十三条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十三条第二項 (Article 253, paragraph (2)), art-253/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-253/par-2 - art-255/par-1: 次項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十五条第二項 (Article 255, paragraph (2)), art-255/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255/par-2 - art-255/par-1: 第二百八十五条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百八十五条 (Article 285), art-285 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-285 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-285 - art-255/par-1: 第三百五十五条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百五十五条第二項 (Article 355, paragraph (2)), art-355/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-355/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-355/par-2 - art-255/par-1: 第三百五十七条 → 民事訴訟法 第三百五十七条 (Article 357), art-357 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-357 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-357 - art-255/par-1: 第三百七十八条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百七十八条第一項 (Article 378, paragraph (1)), art-378/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-378/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-378/par-1 - art-255/par-1: 第三百八十一条の七第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百八十一条の七第一項 (Article 381-7, paragraph (1)), art-381-7/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-381-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-381-7/par-1 - art-255/par-1: 前条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十四条第二項 (Article 254, paragraph (2)), art-254/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-254/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-254/par-2 - art-255/par-1: 第百六十条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百六十条第二項 (Article 160, paragraph (2)), art-160/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-160/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-160/par-2 - art-255/par-1: 第二百六十一条第五項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十一条第五項 (Article 261, paragraph (5)), art-261/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-261/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-261/par-5 - art-255/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十五条第一項 (Article 255, paragraph (1)), art-255/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-255/par-1 - art-255/par-2/item-2: 第百九条の二 → 民事訴訟法 第百九条の二 (Article 109-2), art-109-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-109-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-109-2 - art-256/par-3: 第九十四条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第九十四条第二項 (Article 94, paragraph (2)), art-94/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-94/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-94/par-2 - art-256/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十六条第二項 (Article 256, paragraph (2)), art-256/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-256/par-2 - art-256/par-3/item-1: 第百九条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九条 (Article 109), art-109 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-109 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-109 - art-256/par-3/item-2: 第百九条の二 → 民事訴訟法 第百九条の二 (Article 109-2), art-109-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-109-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-109-2 - art-256/par-3/item-2: 同条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九条の二第一項 (Article 109-2, paragraph (1)), art-109-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-109-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-109-2/par-1 - art-257/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十七条第一項 (Article 257, paragraph (1)), art-257/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-257/par-1 - art-257/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十七条第一項 (Article 257, paragraph (1)), art-257/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-257/par-1 - art-258/par-2: 第六十一条から第六十六条まで → 民事訴訟法 第六十一条 (Article 61), art-61 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-61 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-61 - art-258/par-2: 第六十一条から第六十六条まで → 民事訴訟法 第六十二条 (Article 62), art-62 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-62 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-62 - art-258/par-2: 第六十一条から第六十六条まで → 民事訴訟法 第六十三条 (Article 63), art-63 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-63 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-63 - art-258/par-2: 第六十一条から第六十六条まで → 民事訴訟法 第六十四条 (Article 64), art-64 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-64 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-64 - art-258/par-2: 第六十一条から第六十六条まで → 民事訴訟法 第六十五条 (Article 65), art-65 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-65 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-65 - art-258/par-2: 第六十一条から第六十六条まで → 民事訴訟法 第六十六条 (Article 66), art-66 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-66 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-66 - art-258/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十八条第二項 (Article 258, paragraph (2)), art-258/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258/par-2 - art-258/par-4: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十八条第二項 (Article 258, paragraph (2)), art-258/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-258/par-2 - art-259/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十九条第三項 (Article 259, paragraph (3)), art-259/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-3 - art-259/par-5: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十九条第三項 (Article 259, paragraph (3)), art-259/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-3 - art-259/par-6: 第七十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第七十六条 (Article 76), art-76 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-76 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-76 - art-259/par-6: 第七十七条 → 民事訴訟法 第七十七条 (Article 77), art-77 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-77 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-77 - art-259/par-6: 第七十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第七十九条 (Article 79), art-79 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-79 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-79 - art-259/par-6: 第八十条 → 民事訴訟法 第八十条 (Article 80), art-80 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-80 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-80 - art-259/par-6: 第一項から第三項まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十九条第一項 (Article 259, paragraph (1)), art-259/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-1 - art-259/par-6: 第一項から第三項まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十九条第二項 (Article 259, paragraph (2)), art-259/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-2 - art-259/par-6: 第一項から第三項まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十九条第三項 (Article 259, paragraph (3)), art-259/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-259/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-259/par-3 - art-260/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十条第二項 (Article 260, paragraph (2)), art-260/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-260/par-2 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-18 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure (民事訴訟法), Article 255, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17 - This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17