# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第四章 (Part 2, Chapter 4)
- Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号
- English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第四章 (Part 2, Chapter 4) — address `pt-2/ch-4`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
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## 第四章 証拠 — Chapter IV Evidence
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-1
### 第百七十九条（証明することを要しない事実） — (Facts Not Required to Be Proven)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-179 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-179 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-179
**第一項** 裁判所において当事者が自白した事実及び顕著な事実は、証明することを要しない。
art-179/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-179/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-179/par-1
Facts admitted by a party in court and obvious facts are not required to be proven.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十条（証拠の申出） — (Offering of Evidence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-180 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-180 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-180
**第一項** 証拠の申出は、証明すべき事実を特定してしなければならない。
art-180/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-180/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-180/par-1
When offering evidence, a person must specify the fact that the evidence is meant to prove.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 証拠の申出は、期日前においてもすることができる。
art-180/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-180/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-180/par-2
Evidence may be offered prior to court dates.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十一条（証拠調べを要しない場合） — (When Examination of Evidence Is Not Required)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-181 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-181 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-181
**第一項** 裁判所は、当事者が申し出た証拠で必要でないと認めるものは、取り調べることを要しない。
art-181/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-181/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-181/par-1
The court is not required to examine evidence offered by a party which the court considers to be unnecessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 証拠調べについて不定期間の障害があるときは、裁判所は、証拠調べをしないことができる。
art-181/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-181/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-181/par-2
If there is any obstacle to the examination of evidence which will be present for an uncertain duration, the court may choose not to conduct an examination of evidence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十二条（集中証拠調べ） — (Focused Examination of Witnesses and Parties)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-182 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-182 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-182
**第一項** 証人及び当事者本人の尋問は、できる限り、争点及び証拠の整理が終了した後に集中して行わなければならない。
art-182/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-182/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-182/par-1
The examination of witnesses and the parties themselves must be conducted in as focused a manner as possible after the arrangement of issues and evidence is completed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十三条（当事者の不出頭の場合の取扱い） — (Handling When a Party Fails to Appear)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-183 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-183 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-183
**第一項** 証拠調べは、当事者が期日に出頭しない場合においても、することができる。
art-183/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-183/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-183/par-1
The examination of evidence may be conducted even if neither party appears on a date for oral arguments.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十四条（外国における証拠調べ） — (Examination of Evidence in a Foreign Country)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-184 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-184 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-184
**第一項** 外国においてすべき証拠調べは、その国の管轄官庁又はその国に駐在する日本の大使、公使若しくは領事に嘱託してしなければならない。
art-184/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-184/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-184/par-1
The court must conduct an examination of evidence that is to be done in a foreign country by requesting the competent government agency of that country or the Japanese ambassador, minister, or consul stationed in that country to examine the evidence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 外国においてした証拠調べは、その国の法律に違反する場合であっても、この法律に違反しないときは、その効力を有する。
art-184/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-184/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-184/par-2
Even if an examination of evidence conducted in a foreign country contravenes the laws of that country, it is still valid if it does not contravene this Code.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十五条（裁判所外における証拠調べ） — (Examination of Evidence Out of Court)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-185 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185
**第一項** 裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、裁判所外において証拠調べをすることができる。この場合においては、合議体の構成員に命じ、又は地方裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所に嘱託して証拠調べをさせることができる。
art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-1
If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may examine evidence out of court. To do so, it may order a member of a panel of judges or commission the district court or summary court to examine evidence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する嘱託により職務を行う受託裁判官は、他の地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所において証拠調べをすることを相当と認めるときは、更に証拠調べの嘱託をすることができる。
art-185/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-2
If a commissioned judge performing the duties of a judge based on the commission prescribed in the preceding paragraph finds it to be appropriate for another district court or summary court to examine the evidence, the judge may further commission it to examine the evidence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所（第一項の規定により職務を行う受命裁判官及び前二項に規定する嘱託により職務を行う受託裁判官を含む。）は、相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、第一項の規定による証拠調べの手続を行うことができる。
art-185/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-3
If the court (or an authorized judge who performs duties pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), or authorized judge who performs duties based on a commission as prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs) finds it to be appropriate after hearing the opinions of the parties and as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court, the court may conduct the proceedings for examination of evidence under the provisions of paragraph (1) using a means that enables persons to communicate with one another through audio and visual transmissions while gaining an awareness of one another' situation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十六条（調査の嘱託） — (Commissioning Examinations)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-186 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-186 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-186
**第一項** 裁判所は、必要な調査を官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は学校、商工会議所、取引所その他の団体に嘱託することができる。
art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-186/par-1
The court may commission a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange, or any other organization to conduct the necessary examinations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、当事者に対し、前項の嘱託に係る調査の結果の提示をしなければならない。
art-186/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-186/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-186/par-2
The court must present the results of examinations based on the commissioning of duties under the preceding paragraph to the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十七条（参考人等の審尋） — (Hearing Statements from Persons of Reference)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-187 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187
**第一項** 裁判所は、決定で完結すべき事件について、参考人又は当事者本人を審尋することができる。ただし、参考人については、当事者が申し出た者に限る。
art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187/par-1
In a case to be concluded with a ruling, the court may hear statements from persons of reference and from the parties themselves; provided, however, that the persons of reference from whom the court may hear statements are limited to those requested by a party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による審尋は、相手方がある事件については、当事者双方が立ち会うことができる審尋の期日においてしなければならない。
art-187/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187/par-2
In a case involving an adverse party, the hearing under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must be held on a hearing date that both parties are able to attend.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、参考人を審尋することができる。この場合において、当事者双方に異議がないときは、裁判所及び当事者双方と参考人とが音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、参考人を審尋することができる。
art-187/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187/par-3
If the court finds it to be appropriate, it may conduct the hearing of persons of reference, as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court, using a means that enables persons to communicate with one another through audio and visual transmissions while gaining an awareness of one another' situation. This being the case, if neither party objects, the court may conduct a hearing of persons of reference by a means that enables the court, both parties, and the persons of reference to communicate with one another at the same time through audio transmissions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定は、当事者本人を審尋する場合について準用する。
art-187/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187/par-4
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis when the court conducts a hearing of the parties themselves.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十八条（疎明） — (Prima Facie Showings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-188 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-188 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-188
**第一項** 疎明は、即時に取り調べることができる証拠によってしなければならない。
art-188/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-188/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-188/par-1
Prima facie showings must be made using evidence that can be examined immediately.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十九条（過料の裁判の執行） — (Enforcement of a Judicial Decision for a Civil Fine)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-189 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-189 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-189
**第一項** この章の規定による過料の裁判は、検察官の命令で執行する。この命令は、執行力のある債務名義と同一の効力を有する。
art-189/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-189/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-189/par-1
A judicial decision for a civil fine under the provisions of this Chapter is executed by order of the public prosecutor. This order has the same effect as an enforceable title of obligation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 過料の裁判の執行は、民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定に従ってする。ただし、執行をする前に裁判の送達をすることを要しない。
art-189/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-189/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-189/par-2
A judicial decision for a civil fine is enforced pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Enforcement Act (Act No. 4 of 1979) and other laws and regulations concerning procedures for judicial enforcement; provided, however, that it is not necessary to serve a person with the judicial decision before executing it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 刑事訴訟法（昭和二十三年法律第百三十一号）第七編第二章（第五百十一条、第五百十一条の二及び第五百十三条第七項から第十項までを除く。）の規定は、過料の裁判の執行について準用する。この場合において、同条第一項中「者若しくは裁判の執行の対象となるもの」とあるのは「者」と、「裁判の執行の対象となるもの若しくは裁判」とあるのは「裁判」と読み替えるものとする。
art-189/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-189/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-189/par-3
The provisions of Part VII, Chapter II of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) (excluding Articles 511 and 511-2 and Article 513, paragraphs (7) through (10)) apply mutatis mutandis to the execution of a judicial decision for a civil fine. In such a case, in paragraph (1) of that Article, the phrase "person or the thing that is the subject of the execution of the judicial decision" is deemed to be replaced with "person", and the phrase "the thing that is the subject of the execution of the judicial decision or the judicial decision" is deemed to be replaced with "the judicial decision".
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 過料の裁判の執行があった後に当該裁判（以下この項において「原裁判」という。）に対して即時抗告があった場合において、抗告裁判所が当該即時抗告を理由があると認めて原裁判を取り消して更に過料の裁判をしたときは、その金額の限度において当該過料の裁判の執行があったものとみなす。この場合において、原裁判の執行によって得た金額が当該過料の金額を超えるときは、その超過額は、これを還付しなければならない。
art-189/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-189/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-189/par-4
If an immediate appeal is filed against a judicial decision for a civil fine after that judicial decision (referred to below as a "original judicial decision" in this paragraph) is executed, and the court in charge of the appeal finds there to be grounds for immediate appeal, sets aside the original judicial decision, and reaches another judicial decision for a civil fine, its judicial decision for that civil fine is deemed to have been executed to the extent of the amount of the original judicial decision. In such a case, if the amount obtained as a result of the enforcement of the original judicial decision exceeds the amount of that civil fine, the amount in excess must be refunded.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 証人尋問 — Section 2 Examination of Witnesses
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-2
### 第百九十条（証人義務） — (Witnesses' Obligation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-190
**第一項** 裁判所は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、何人でも証人として尋問することができる。
art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-190/par-1
Except as otherwise provided, the court may examine any person as a witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十一条（公務員の尋問） — (Examination of a Public Officer)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-191
**第一項** 公務員又は公務員であった者を証人として職務上の秘密について尋問する場合には、裁判所は、当該監督官庁（衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職にあった者についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職にあった者については内閣）の承認を得なければならない。
art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-191/par-1
Before the court examines a public officer or a person who was a public officer as a witness with regard to any confidential information connected with that person's duties, it must obtain the approval of the relevant supervisory government agency (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held the office, the relevant House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such a position, the Cabinet).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の承認は、公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがある場合を除き、拒むことができない。
art-191/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-191/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-191/par-2
A supervisory government agency may not refuse to give the approval referred to in the preceding paragraph, unless giving it would be against the public interest or would be likely to substantially hinder the performance of a public duty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十二条（不出頭に対する過料等） — (Civil Fines for Non-Appearance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192
**第一項** 証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、裁判所は、決定で、これによって生じた訴訟費用の負担を命じ、かつ、十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192/par-1
If a witness, without a legitimate reason for doing so, fails to appear, the court issues a ruling ordering the witness to bear any court costs incurred due to the witness's failure to appear, and sentences that witness to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-192/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192/par-2
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十三条（不出頭に対する罰金等） — (Criminal Fines for Non-Appearance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193
**第一項** 証人が正当な理由なく出頭しないときは、十万円以下の罰金又は拘留に処する。
art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193/par-1
If a witness fails to appear without a legitimate reason, the witness is sentenced to a criminal fine of not more than 100,000 yen or misdemeanor imprisonment without work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の罪を犯した者には、情状により、罰金及び拘留を併科することができる。
art-193/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193/par-2
Both a criminal fine and misdemeanor imprisonment without work may be imposed cumulatively on a person who has committed the crime referred to in the preceding paragraph, depending on the circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十四条（勾引） — (Subpoenas)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-194 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-194 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-194
**第一項** 裁判所は、正当な理由なく出頭しない証人の勾引を命ずることができる。
art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-194/par-1
The court may subpoena a witness who fails to appear without a legitimate reason for failing to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 刑事訴訟法中勾引に関する規定は、前項の勾引について準用する。
art-194/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-194/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-194/par-2
The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning subpoenas apply mutatis mutandis to a subpoena as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十五条（受命裁判官等による証人尋問） — (Examination of a Witness by an Authorized or Commissioned Judge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195
**第一項** 裁判所は、次に掲げる場合に限り、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官に裁判所外で証人の尋問をさせることができる。
art-195/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195/par-1
The court may have an authorized or commissioned judge examine a witness out of court, but only in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 証人が受訴裁判所に出頭する義務がないとき、又は正当な理由により出頭することができないとき。
art-195/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195/par-1/item-1
the witness has no obligation to appear before the court in charge of the case, or has a legitimate reason for being unable to appear before that court;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 証人が受訴裁判所に出頭するについて不相当な費用又は時間を要するとき。
art-195/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195/par-1/item-2
it would require unreasonable expense or time for the witness to appear before the court in charge of the case;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 現場において証人を尋問することが事実を発見するために必要であるとき。
art-195/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195/par-1/item-3
it is necessary to examine the witness at the scene of the dispute in order to discover a fact;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 当事者に異議がないとき。
art-195/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195/par-1/item-4
neither party has any objection.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十六条（証言拒絶権） — (Right to Refuse to Testify)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196
**第一項** 証言が証人又は証人と次に掲げる関係を有する者が刑事訴追を受け、又は有罪判決を受けるおそれがある事項に関するときは、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。証言がこれらの者の名誉を害すべき事項に関するときも、同様とする。
art-196/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196/par-1
If a witness's testimony relates to a matter for which the witness, personally, or a person related to the witness in any of the following ways, would likely be subject to criminal prosecution or conviction, the witness may refuse to testify. The same applies if a witness's testimony relates to a matter that would harm the reputation of these persons:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 配偶者、四親等内の血族若しくは三親等内の姻族の関係にあり、又はあったこと。
art-196/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196/par-1/item-1
a person who is or was the witness's spouse, relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity, or relative within the third degree of affinity;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 後見人と被後見人の関係にあること。
art-196/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196/par-1/item-2
the witness's guardian or a person under the guardianship of the witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十七条
art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。
art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1
In the following cases, a witness may refuse to testify:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 第百九十一条第一項の場合
art-197/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1/item-1
a case as referred to in Article 191, paragraph (1)
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 医師、歯科医師、薬剤師、医薬品販売業者、助産師、弁護士（外国法事務弁護士を含む。）、弁理士、弁護人、公証人、宗教、祈祷若しくは祭祀の職にある者又はこれらの職にあった者が職務上知り得た事実で黙秘すべきものについて尋問を受ける場合
art-197/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1/item-2
a person who is or was a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, pharmaceuticals distributor, birthing assistant, attorney at law (this includes registered foreign lawyers), patent attorney, defense counsel, notary, or person engaged in a religious occupation is examined with regard to any fact learned in the course of duty that must remain confidential;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項について尋問を受ける場合
art-197/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1/item-3
the witness is examined with regard to a matter that involves a technical or professional secret.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、証人が黙秘の義務を免除された場合には、適用しない。
art-197/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the witness has been released from the duty of silence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十八条（証言拒絶の理由の疎明） — (Prima Facie Showing of Reasons for Refusal to Testify)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-198
**第一項** 証言拒絶の理由は、疎明しなければならない。
art-198/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-198/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-198/par-1
A prima facie showing must be made of the grounds for a witness' refusal to testify.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十九条（証言拒絶についての裁判） — (Judicial Decision on Refusal to Testify)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-199
**第一項** 第百九十七条第一項第一号の場合を除き、証言拒絶の当否については、受訴裁判所が、当事者を審尋して、決定で、裁判をする。
art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-199/par-1
Except in a case as referred to in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (i), the court in charge of the case hears the parties and reaches a judicial decision, in the form of a ruling, on the propriety of the refusal to testify.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の裁判に対しては、当事者及び証人は、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-199/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-199/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-199/par-2
The party and the witness may file an immediate appeal against the judicial decision referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百条（証言拒絶に対する制裁） — (Sanctions for Refusal to Testify)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-200
**第一項** 第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は、証言拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に証人が正当な理由なく証言を拒む場合について準用する。
art-200/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-200/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-200/par-1
The provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for a witness' refusal to testify becomes final and binding, the witness still refuses to testify, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百一条（宣誓） — (Oath)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201
**第一項** 証人には、特別の定めがある場合を除き、宣誓をさせなければならない。
art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-1
Except as otherwise provided, the court must have a witness swear under oath.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 十六歳未満の者又は宣誓の趣旨を理解することができない者を証人として尋問する場合には、宣誓をさせることができない。
art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-2
When examining a person under 16 years of age or person who is unable to understand the purpose of swearing under oath as a witness, the court may not make the witness swear under oath.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第百九十六条の規定に該当する証人で証言拒絶の権利を行使しないものを尋問する場合には、宣誓をさせないことができる。
art-201/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-3
When examining a witness who falls under the provisions of Article 196 and does not exercise the right to refuse to testify, the court may choose not to have the witness swear under oath.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 証人は、自己又は自己と第百九十六条各号に掲げる関係を有する者に著しい利害関係のある事項について尋問を受けるときは、宣誓を拒むことができる。
art-201/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-4
A witness may refuse to swear under oath when being examined with regard to matters in which the witness, personally, or a person to whom the witness is related in any of the ways listed in the items of Article 196, is deeply interested.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第百九十八条及び第百九十九条の規定は証人が宣誓を拒む場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は宣誓拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に証人が正当な理由なく宣誓を拒む場合について準用する。
art-201/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-5
The provisions of Articles 198 and 199 apply mutatis mutandis if a witness refuses to swear under oath, and the provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for a refusal to testify becomes final and binding, the witness still refuses to testify, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二条（尋問の順序） — (Order of Examination)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202
**第一項** 証人の尋問は、その尋問の申出をした当事者、他の当事者、裁判長の順序でする。
art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202/par-1
A witness is examined by the party requesting the examination, the other party, and the presiding judge, in that order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判長は、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、前項の順序を変更することができる。
art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202/par-2
When the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate, the judge may change the order referred to in the preceding paragraph, after hearing the opinions of the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 当事者が前項の規定による変更について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。
art-202/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202/par-3
If a party objects to a change under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court reaches a judicial decision on the objection in the form of a ruling.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三条（書類等に基づく陳述の禁止） — (Prohibition Against Statements Based Off of Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203
**第一項** 証人は、書類その他の物に基づいて陳述することができない。ただし、裁判長の許可を受けたときは、この限りでない。
art-203/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203/par-1
A witness may not enter a statement that is based off of a document or any other object; provided, however, that this does not apply if the witness obtains the permission of the presiding judge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三条の二（付添い） — (Escort)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-203-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2
**第一項** 裁判長は、証人の年齢又は心身の状態その他の事情を考慮し、証人が尋問を受ける場合に著しく不安又は緊張を覚えるおそれがあると認めるときは、その不安又は緊張を緩和するのに適当であり、かつ、裁判長若しくは当事者の尋問若しくは証人の陳述を妨げ、又はその陳述の内容に不当な影響を与えるおそれがないと認める者を、その証人の陳述中、証人に付き添わせることができる。
art-203-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2/par-1
If the presiding judge, in consideration of the witness's age, mental or physical condition or any other circumstances, finds that the witness is likely to feel extreme anxiety or tension when being examined, then the presiding judge may have the witness accompanied during the testimony by a person who can best ease the witness' anxiety or tension and is unlikely to disturb the examination of the witness by the presiding judge or the parties or the testimony of the witness, or is unlikely to unduly influence the contents of the testimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により証人に付き添うこととされた者は、その証人の陳述中、裁判長若しくは当事者の尋問若しくは証人の陳述を妨げ、又はその陳述の内容に不当な影響を与えるような言動をしてはならない。
art-203-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2/par-2
During the testimony of a witness, the person accompanying the witness pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must not behave in a manner that interferes with the examination of the presiding judge or the parties or with the testimony of the witness, or that unduly influences the content of the testimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 当事者が、第一項の規定による裁判長の処置に対し、異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。
art-203-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2/par-3
When a party has made an objection to the measures taken by the presiding judge under the provisions of paragraph (1), the court, by an order, makes a judicial decision on the objection.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三条の三（遮へいの措置） — (Shielding Measures)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-203-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3
**第一項** 裁判長は、事案の性質、証人の年齢又は心身の状態、証人と当事者本人又はその法定代理人との関係（証人がこれらの者が行った犯罪により害を被った者であることを含む。次条第二号において同じ。）その他の事情により、証人が当事者本人又はその法定代理人の面前（同条に規定する方法による場合を含む。）において陳述するときは圧迫を受け精神の平穏を著しく害されるおそれがあると認める場合であって、相当と認めるときは、その当事者本人又は法定代理人とその証人との間で、一方から又は相互に相手の状態を認識することができないようにするための措置をとることができる。
art-203-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3/par-1
If the presiding judge finds that, due to the nature of the case, the age or the mental or physical condition of the witness, the relationship between the witness and either one of the parties or their legal representative (including the fact that the witness is a person who has suffered harm from the crime committed by the party or legal representative; the same applies in item (ii) of the following Article), or any other circumstances, the witness is likely to feel pressure and have their mental well-being seriously harmed while making a statement in the presence of either one of the parties or their legal representative (including when using the method provided for in that Article), and the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate to do so, then the presiding judge may take measures so that it is impossible for either one of the parties or their legal representative and the witness to be aware of each other's presence or only one can be aware of the other.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判長は、事案の性質、証人が犯罪により害を被った者であること、証人の年齢、心身の状態又は名誉に対する影響その他の事情を考慮し、相当と認めるときは、傍聴人とその証人との間で、相互に相手の状態を認識することができないようにするための措置をとることができる。
art-203-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3/par-2
If the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate in consideration of the nature of the case, the fact that the witness is a person who has suffered harm due to the crime, the age of the witness, the impact on the witness's mental or physical condition or reputation, or any other circumstances, the presiding judge may take measures so that it is impossible for the observer and the witness to be aware of each other's presence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条第三項の規定は、前二項の規定による裁判長の処置について準用する。
art-203-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3/par-3
The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the measures taken by the presiding judge under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四条（映像等の送受信による通話の方法による尋問） — (Examinations Based on Communication Using Audiovisual Transmissions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204
**第一項** 裁判所は、次に掲げる場合であって、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、証人の尋問をすることができる。
art-204/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204/par-1
In any of the cases stated in the following items and if the court finds it to be appropriate, it may examine a witness, as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court, using a means that enables persons to communicate with one another through audio and visual transmissions while gaining an awareness of one another's situation:
machine translation, not official
**一** 証人の住所、年齢又は心身の状態その他の事情により、証人が受訴裁判所に出頭することが困難であると認める場合
art-204/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204/par-1/item-1
if the court determines that it would be difficult for the witness to appear before the court in charge of the case due to the witness' domicile, age, mental or physical state, or other such circumstances;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 事案の性質、証人の年齢又は心身の状態、証人と当事者本人又はその法定代理人との関係その他の事情により、証人が裁判長及び当事者が証人を尋問するために在席する場所において陳述するときは圧迫を受け精神の平穏を著しく害されるおそれがあると認める場合
art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204/par-1/item-2
if the court determines that, due to the nature of the case, the witness' age or mental or physical state, the relationship between the witness and the party in question or their legal representative, or other such circumstances, the pressure that the witness would incur if they were to give their statement from the location where the presiding judge and the parties had come to examine them would likely seriously disrupt their mental balance; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 当事者に異議がない場合
art-204/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204/par-1/item-3
if neither party has any objection.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五条（尋問に代わる書面の提出） — (Submission of Paper Documents in Lieu of Examination)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-205 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205
**第一項** 裁判所は、当事者に異議がない場合であって、相当と認めるときは、証人の尋問に代え、書面の提出をさせることができる。
art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-1
If neither party has any objection and the court finds it to be appropriate, the court may have a witness submit a paper document in lieu of conducting an examination of that witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 証人は、前項の規定による書面の提出に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、当該書面に記載すべき事項を最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用してファイルに記録し、又は当該書面に記載すべき事項に係る電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体を提出することができる。この場合において、当該証人は、同項の書面を提出したものとみなす。
art-205/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-2
As provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, in lieu of submitting a paper document under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a witness may use an electronic data processing system specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court to record the information required to be given in the paper document in the court's computer files, or may submit a recording medium containing an electronic or magnetic record of the information required to be given in that paper document. Having done so, the witness is deemed to have submitted the paper document under that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、当事者に対し、第一項の書面に記載された事項又は前項の規定によりファイルに記録された事項若しくは同項の記録媒体に記録された事項の提示をしなければならない。
art-205/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-3
The court must present the information given in a paper document under paragraph (1), or the information recorded in the court's computer files or the information recorded in a recording medium under the preceding paragraph, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六条（受命裁判官等の権限） — (Powers of an Authorized Judge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-206
**第一項** 受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が証人尋問をする場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百二条第三項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。
art-206/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-206/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-206/par-1
If an authorized or commissioned judge examines a witness, that judge performs the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provisions of Article 202, paragraph (3) is reached by the court in charge of the case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 当事者尋問 — Section 3 Examination of the Parties
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-3
### 第二百七条（当事者本人の尋問） — (Examination of Parties Themselves)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-207 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-207 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-207
**第一項** 裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、当事者本人を尋問することができる。この場合においては、その当事者に宣誓をさせることができる。
art-207/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-207/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-207/par-1
The court, upon petition or sua sponte, may examine the parties themselves. To do so, the court may have the party in question swear under oath.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 証人及び当事者本人の尋問を行うときは、まず証人の尋問をする。ただし、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、まず当事者本人の尋問をすることができる。
art-207/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-207/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-207/par-2
If examining both a witness and one of the parties themselves, the court examines the witness first; provided, however, that when the court finds it appropriate, it may examine the party in question first, after hearing the opinions of the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八条（不出頭等の効果） — (Result of Non-Appearance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-208 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-208 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-208
**第一項** 当事者本人を尋問する場合において、その当事者が、正当な理由なく、出頭せず、又は宣誓若しくは陳述を拒んだときは、裁判所は、尋問事項に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
art-208/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-208/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-208/par-1
If one of the parties themselves is to be examined and that party, without a legitimate reason, fails to appear or refuses to swear under oath or enter a statement, the court may find that the opposing party's allegations concerning the matters for examination are true.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百九条（虚偽の陳述に対する過料） — (Civil Fines for False Statements)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-209 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-209 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-209
**第一項** 宣誓した当事者が虚偽の陳述をしたときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-209/par-1
If a party who has been sworn in enters a false statement, the court issues a ruling sentencing the party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-209/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-209/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-209/par-2
An immediate appeal may be filed against the ruling referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、虚偽の陳述をした当事者が訴訟の係属中その陳述が虚偽であることを認めたときは、裁判所は、事情により、同項の決定を取り消すことができる。
art-209/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-209/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-209/par-3
In a case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the party who has entered the false statement admits that the statement is false while litigation is pending, the court may set aside the ruling referred to in that paragraph, depending on the circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十条（証人尋問の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Examination of Witnesses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-210 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-210 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-210
**第一項** 第百九十五条、第二百一条第二項、第二百二条から第二百四条まで及び第二百六条の規定は、当事者本人の尋問について準用する。
art-210/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-210/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-210/par-1
The provisions of Article 195; Article 201, paragraph (2); Articles 202 through 204; and Article 206 apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of the parties themselves.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十一条（法定代理人の尋問） — (Examination of Legal representatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-211 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-211 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-211
**第一項** この法律中当事者本人の尋問に関する規定は、訴訟において当事者を代表する法定代理人について準用する。ただし、当事者本人を尋問することを妨げない。
art-211/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-211/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-211/par-1
The provisions of this Code concerning the examination of the parties themselves apply mutatis mutandis with regard to a legal representative who represents a party in litigation; provided, however, that this does not preclude the examination of the parties themselves.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 鑑定 — Section 4 Expert Testimony
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-4
### 第二百十二条（鑑定義務） — (Obligation to Give Expert Testimony)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-212 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-212 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-212
**第一項** 鑑定に必要な学識経験を有する者は、鑑定をする義務を負う。
art-212/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-212/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-212/par-1
A person who has the relevant knowledge and experience necessary to give expert testimony bears the obligation to give expert testimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第百九十六条又は第二百一条第四項の規定により証言又は宣誓を拒むことができる者と同一の地位にある者及び同条第二項に規定する者は、鑑定人となることができない。
art-212/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-212/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-212/par-2
A person of the same status as a person who may refuse to testify or refuse to swear under oath pursuant to the provisions of Article 196 or Article 201, paragraph (4), or a person prescribed in Article 201, paragraph (2), may not serve as an expert.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条（鑑定人の指定） — (Designation of Experts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-213 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-213 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-213
**第一項** 鑑定人は、受訴裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が指定する。
art-213/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-213/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-213/par-1
An expert is designated by the court in charge of the case or by an authorized or commissioned judge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十四条（忌避） — (Challenging an Expert)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-214 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-214 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-214
**第一項** 鑑定人について誠実に鑑定をすることを妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その鑑定人が鑑定事項について陳述をする前に、これを忌避することができる。鑑定人が陳述をした場合であっても、その後に、忌避の原因が生じ、又は当事者がその原因があることを知ったときは、同様とする。
art-214/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-214/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-214/par-1
If there are circumstances in which an expert is involved that could prevent expert testimony from being given in good faith, a party may challenge the expert before the expert enters a statement about a matter involved in the expert testimony. The same applies if, after an expert enters a statement, any grounds for challenge occur or a party becomes aware of the existence of any grounds for challenge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 忌避の申立ては、受訴裁判所、受命裁判官又は受託裁判官にしなければならない。
art-214/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-214/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-214/par-2
A motion to challenge must be filed with the court in charge of the case or with an authorized or commissioned judge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 忌避を理由があるとする決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
art-214/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-214/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-214/par-3
No appeal may be entered against a ruling finding grounds for challenge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 忌避を理由がないとする決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-214/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-214/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-214/par-4
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling finding no grounds for challenge.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十五条（鑑定人の陳述の方式等） — (Formalities of Statements by Experts)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-215 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215
**第一項** 裁判長は、鑑定人に、書面又は口頭で、意見を述べさせることができる。
art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-1
The presiding judge may have an expert state an opinion in writing or orally.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の鑑定人は、同項の規定により書面で意見を述べることに代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、当該書面に記載すべき事項を最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用してファイルに記録する方法又は当該書面に記載すべき事項に係る電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体を提出する方法により意見を述べることができる。この場合において、鑑定人は、同項の規定により書面で意見を述べたものとみなす。
art-215/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-2
In lieu of providing an opinion in the form of a paper document pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, an expert as referred to in that paragraph may provide an opinion using an electronic data processing system as specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court to record the information to be stated in that document in the court's computer files or by submitting a recording medium on which an electronic or magnetic record of the information to be stated in the paper document has been recorded, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court. Having done so, the expert is deemed to have used a paper document to provide an opinion pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、鑑定人に意見を述べさせた場合において、当該意見の内容を明瞭にし、又はその根拠を確認するため必要があると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、鑑定人に更に意見を述べさせることができる。
art-215/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-3
If the court has an expert state an opinion and finds it to be necessary in order to clarify the content of the opinion or confirm its basis, the court, upon petition or sua sponte, may have the expert state further opinions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、当事者に対し、第一項の書面に記載された事項又は第二項の規定によりファイルに記録された事項若しくは同項の記録媒体に記録された事項の提示をしなければならない。
art-215/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-4
The court must present the information detailed in a document under paragraph (1), or the information recorded in the court's computer files pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) or the particulars recorded in a recording medium as referred to in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十五条の二（鑑定人質問） — (Asking Questions of an Expert)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-215-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2
**第一項** 裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合には、鑑定人が意見の陳述をした後に、鑑定人に対し質問をすることができる。
art-215-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-1
If the court has an expert state an opinion orally, it may ask the expert questions after the expert has stated their opinion.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の質問は、裁判長、その鑑定の申出をした当事者、他の当事者の順序でする。
art-215-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-2
The questions referred to in the preceding paragraph are asked by the presiding judge, the party requesting the expert testimony, and the other party, in that order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判長は、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、前項の順序を変更することができる。
art-215-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-3
If the presiding judge finds it to be appropriate, the judge may change the order referred to in the preceding paragraph, after hearing the opinions of the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 当事者が前項の規定による変更について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、決定で、その異議について裁判をする。
art-215-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-4
If a party objects to a change under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court reaches a judicial decision on the objection in the form of a ruling.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十五条の三（映像等の送受信による通話の方法による陳述） — (Statements Based on Communication Using Audiovisual Transmissions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-215-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-3
**第一項** 裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合において、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、意見を述べさせることができる。
art-215-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-3/par-1
If the court will have an expert state an opinion orally and the court finds it to be appropriate, it may have an expert state an opinion, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, using a means that enables persons to communicate with one another through audio and visual transmissions while gaining an awareness of one another' situation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十五条の四（受命裁判官等の権限） — (Powers of an Authorized or Commissioned Judge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-215-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-4
**第一項** 受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が鑑定人に意見を述べさせる場合には、裁判所及び裁判長の職務は、その裁判官が行う。ただし、第二百十五条の二第四項の規定による異議についての裁判は、受訴裁判所がする。
art-215-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-4/par-1
If an authorized or commissioned judge has an expert state an opinion, that judge performs the duties of the court and the presiding judge; provided, however, that a judicial decision on an objection under the provisions of Article 215-2, paragraph (4) is reached by the court in charge of the case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十六条（証人尋問の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on the Examination of Witnesses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-216 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-216 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-216
**第一項** 第百九十一条の規定は公務員又は公務員であった者に鑑定人として職務上の秘密について意見を述べさせる場合について、第百九十七条から第百九十九条までの規定は鑑定人が鑑定を拒む場合について、第二百一条第一項の規定は鑑定人に宣誓をさせる場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は鑑定人が正当な理由なく出頭しない場合、鑑定人が宣誓を拒む場合及び鑑定拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に鑑定人が正当な理由なく鑑定を拒む場合について準用する。
art-216/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-216/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-216/par-1
The provisions of Article 191 apply mutatis mutandis if the court has a public officer or person who was a public officer state an opinion as an expert with regard to any confidential information in connection with that person's duties, the provisions of Articles 197 through 199 apply mutatis mutandis if an expert refuses to give expert testimony, the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (1) applies mutatis mutandis if the court has an expert swear under oath, and the provisions of Articles 192 and 193 apply mutatis mutandis if an expert fails to appear without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, if an expert refuses to swear under oath, and if, after a judicial decision finding no grounds for refusal to give expert testimony has become final and binding, the expert still refuses to give expert testimony, without a legitimate reason for refusing to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十七条（鑑定証人） — (Expert Witness)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-217 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-217 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-217
**第一項** 特別の学識経験により知り得た事実に関する尋問については、証人尋問に関する規定による。
art-217/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-217/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-217/par-1
An examination regarding facts that an expert has learned based on that expert's special knowledge and experience is governed by the provisions on the examination of a witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十八条（鑑定の嘱託） — (Requesting Expert Testimony)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-218 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-218 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-218
**第一項** 裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、官庁若しくは公署、外国の官庁若しくは公署又は相当の設備を有する法人に鑑定を嘱託することができる。この場合においては、宣誓に関する規定を除き、この節の規定を準用する。
art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-218/par-1
If the court finds it to be necessary, it may request a government agency or public office, a foreign government agency or public office, or a corporation that has adequate equipment to give expert testimony. In such a case, the provisions of this Section, except for those concerning swearing under oath, apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、官庁、公署又は法人の指定した者に鑑定の結果を記載し、又は記録した書面又は電磁的記録の説明をさせることができる。
art-218/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-218/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-218/par-2
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the court finds it to be necessary, it may have a person designated by the government agency, public office, or corporation give an explanation of a paper document or electronic or magnetic record containing the results of expert testimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、裁判所は、当事者に対し、同項の嘱託に係る鑑定の結果の提示をしなければならない。
art-218/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-218/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-218/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), the court must present the results of expert testimony connected with the request referred to in that paragraph to the parties.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 書証 — Section 5 Documentary Evidence
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-5
### 第二百十九条（書証の申出） — (Offering of Documentary Evidence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219
**第一項** 書証の申出は、文書を提出し、又は文書の所持者にその提出を命ずることを申し立ててしなければならない。
art-219/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219/par-1
Documentary evidence must be offered through the submission of a document or a request for the court to order the person in possession of a document to submit that document.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十条（文書提出義務） — (Obligation to Submit Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220
**第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、文書の所持者は、その提出を拒むことができない。
art-220/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1
In the following cases, the person in possession of the document in question may not refuse to submit that document:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 当事者が訴訟において引用した文書を自ら所持するとき。
art-220/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-1
if a party is personally in possession of a document that they have quoted from in litigation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 挙証者が文書の所持者に対しその引渡し又は閲覧を求めることができるとき。
art-220/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-2
if it is permissible for the party that will offer the evidence to request the person in possession of the document to deliver it or allow it to be inspected;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 文書が挙証者の利益のために作成され、又は挙証者と文書の所持者との間の法律関係について作成されたとき。
art-220/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-3
if the document has been prepared in the interest of the party that will offer the evidence or with regard to the legal relationships between the party that will offer the evidence and the person in possession of the document;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 前三号に掲げる場合のほか、文書が次に掲げるもののいずれにも該当しないとき。
art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
in cases other than those listed in the preceding three items, if the document does not fall under any of the following categories:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**イ** 文書の所持者又は文書の所持者と第百九十六条各号に掲げる関係を有する者についての同条に規定する事項が記載されている文書
art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-1
a document detailing the particulars prescribed in Article 196 with regard to the person in possession of the document or a person who is related to the person in possession of the document in any of the ways stated in the items of that Article;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ロ** 公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書でその提出により公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの
art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-2
a document concerning confidential information in connection with a public officer's duties, which, if submitted, would be against the public interest or would be likely to substantially hinder the performance of a public duty;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ハ** 第百九十七条第一項第二号に規定する事実又は同項第三号に規定する事項で、黙秘の義務が免除されていないものが記載されている文書
art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-3
a document detailing a fact prescribed in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (ii) or a particular prescribed in Article 197, paragraph (1), item (iii), neither or which are exempt from the duty of silence;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ニ** 専ら文書の所持者の利用に供するための文書（国又は地方公共団体が所持する文書にあっては、公務員が組織的に用いるものを除く。）
art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-4
a document prepared exclusively for the use of the person in possession (excluding a document held by the State or a local public entity, which is used by a public officer for an organizational purpose);
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**ホ** 刑事事件に係る訴訟に関する書類若しくは少年の保護事件の記録又はこれらの事件において押収されている文書
art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-5
documents related to the litigation of a criminal case, the case record in a juvenile protective case, or a document seized in these cases.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十一条（文書提出命令の申立て） — (Petition for an Order to Submit Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221
**第一項** 文書提出命令の申立ては、次に掲げる事項を明らかにしてしなければならない。
art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1
In petitioning for an order to submit a document, the following particulars must be made clear:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 文書の表示
art-221/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-1
the indications of the document;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 文書の趣旨
art-221/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-2
the purport of the document;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 文書の所持者
art-221/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-3
the person in possession of the document;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 証明すべき事実
art-221/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-4
the facts to be proven by the document;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 文書の提出義務の原因
art-221/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-5
the cause of the obligation to submit the document.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第四号に掲げる場合であることを文書の提出義務の原因とする文書提出命令の申立ては、書証の申出を文書提出命令の申立てによってする必要がある場合でなければ、することができない。
art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-2
It is not permissible for a petition for an order to submit a document to be filed on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories listed in item (iv) of the preceding Article, unless it is necessary to offer documentary evidence by way of a petition for an order to submit a document.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十二条（文書の特定のための手続） — (Procedures for Identifying a Document)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-222
**第一項** 文書提出命令の申立てをする場合において、前条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることが著しく困難であるときは、その申立ての時においては、これらの事項に代えて、文書の所持者がその申立てに係る文書を識別することができる事項を明らかにすれば足りる。この場合においては、裁判所に対し、文書の所持者に当該文書についての同項第一号又は第二号に掲げる事項を明らかにすることを求めるよう申し出なければならない。
art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-222/par-1
If a person files a petition for an order to submit a document but it is extremely difficult to clarify the particulars stated in paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) of the preceding Article, it is sufficient for the person, in lieu of those particulars, to clarify any particulars by which the person in possession of the document can identify the document that the petition concerns, when filing the petition. In such a case, the petitioner must ask the court to request the person in possession of the document to clarify the particulars stated in item (i) or item (ii) of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による申出があったときは、裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てに理由がないことが明らかな場合を除き、文書の所持者に対し、同項後段の事項を明らかにすることを求めることができる。
art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-222/par-2
When a motion under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is made, unless the petition for an order to submit the document is clearly groundless, the court may request the person in possession of the document to clarify the particulars referred to in the second sentence of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十三条（文書提出命令等） — (Order to Submit Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223
**第一項** 裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てを理由があると認めるときは、決定で、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずる。この場合において、文書に取り調べる必要がないと認める部分又は提出の義務があると認めることができない部分があるときは、その部分を除いて、提出を命ずることができる。
art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-1
If the court finds there to be grounds for a petition for an order to submit a document, it issues a ruling ordering the person in possession of the document to submit the document. In such a case, if the document contains any part that it is found unnecessary to examine or which cannot be found to be subject to the obligation to submit, the court may order the submission of the document excluding the part.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、第三者に対して文書の提出を命じようとする場合には、その第三者を審尋しなければならない。
art-223/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-2
Before seeking to order a third party to submit a document, the court must hear the third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書について第二百二十条第四号に掲げる場合であることを文書の提出義務の原因とする文書提出命令の申立てがあった場合には、その申立てに理由がないことが明らかなときを除き、当該文書が同号ロに掲げる文書に該当するかどうかについて、当該監督官庁（衆議院又は参議院の議員の職務上の秘密に関する文書についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣の職務上の秘密に関する文書については内閣。以下この条において同じ。）の意見を聴かなければならない。この場合において、当該監督官庁は、当該文書が同号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べるときは、その理由を示さなければならない。
art-223/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-3
If a petition for an order to submit a document has been filed with regard to a document concerning confidential information connected with a public officer's duties on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories stated in Article 220, item (iv), unless the petition is clearly groundless, the court must hear the opinion of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held the office, the relevant House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held the office, the Cabinet) as to whether the document in question falls under the category of document stated in Article 220, item (iv), (b). In such a case, if the supervisory government agency states the opinion that the document falls under the category of document stated in Article 220, item (iv), (b), it must specify the reasons for this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の場合において、当該監督官庁が当該文書の提出により次に掲げるおそれがあることを理由として当該文書が第二百二十条第四号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べたときは、裁判所は、その意見について相当の理由があると認めるに足りない場合に限り、文書の所持者に対し、その提出を命ずることができる。
art-223/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-4
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if that supervisory government agency has stated the opinion that that document falls under the category of document stated in Article 220, item (iv), (b) on the grounds that submission of that document would cause any of the following risks, the court may order the person in possession of the document to submit the document only if it cannot find sufficient reasonable grounds for that opinion:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 国の安全が害されるおそれ、他国若しくは国際機関との信頼関係が損なわれるおそれ又は他国若しくは国際機関との交渉上不利益を被るおそれ
art-223/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-4/item-1
a risk that the document will impair national security, harm a relationship of trust with a foreign country or international organization, or give rise to a disadvantage in negotiations with a foreign country or international organization;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれ
art-223/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-4/item-2
a risk that the document will hinder the prevention, suppression, or investigation of a crime, the continuation of prosecution, the enforcement of a sentence, or any other maintenance of public safety and order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第三項前段の場合において、当該監督官庁は、当該文書の所持者以外の第三者の技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項に係る記載がされている文書について意見を述べようとするときは、第二百二十条第四号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べようとするときを除き、あらかじめ、当該第三者の意見を聴くものとする。
art-223/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-5
In a case as referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (3), if that supervisory government agency intends to state its opinion about a document that details particulars involving a technical or professional secret of a third party other than the person in possession of that document, it must hear the opinion of that third party in advance of doing so, unless it intends to state the opinion that the document falls under the category of document stated in Article 220, item (iv), (b).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 裁判所は、文書提出命令の申立てに係る文書が第二百二十条第四号イからニまでに掲げる文書のいずれかに該当するかどうかの判断をするため必要があると認めるときは、文書の所持者にその提示をさせることができる。この場合においては、何人も、その提示された文書の開示を求めることができない。
art-223/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-6
If the court finds it to be necessary in order to determine which of the categories of documents stated in Article 220, item (iv), (a) through (d) the document that the petition for an order to submit a document concerns falls under, the court may have the person in possession of the document present the document. In such a case, no person may request the document so presented to be disclosed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 文書提出命令の申立てについての決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-223/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-7
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling on a petition for an order to submit a document.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十四条（当事者が文書提出命令に従わない場合等の効果） — (Effect of a Party's Non-Compliance with an Order to Submit a Document)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224
**第一項** 当事者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、当該文書の記載に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-1
If a party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court may find the adverse party's allegations concerning the details of that document to be true.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者が相手方の使用を妨げる目的で提出の義務がある文書を滅失させ、その他これを使用することができないようにしたときも、前項と同様とする。
art-224/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply if a party, for the purpose of preventing the adverse party from using it, has caused a document that there is an obligation to submit to be lost or otherwise unusable.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項に規定する場合において、相手方が、当該文書の記載に関して具体的な主張をすること及び当該文書により証明すべき事実を他の証拠により証明することが著しく困難であるときは、裁判所は、その事実に関する相手方の主張を真実と認めることができる。
art-224/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-3
In the cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, if it is extremely difficult for the adverse party to make specific allegations in connection with the details of that document and to prove, by other evidence, a fact that is to be proven by the document, the court may find that the adverse party's allegations concerning that fact are true.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十五条（第三者が文書提出命令に従わない場合の過料） — (Civil Fine for a Third Party's Non-Compliance with an Order to Submit a Document)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-225
**第一項** 第三者が文書提出命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、二十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-225/par-1
If a third party does not comply with an order to submit a document, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-225/par-2
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十六条（文書送付の嘱託） — (Requesting the Sending of a Document)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226
**第一項** 書証の申出は、第二百十九条の規定にかかわらず、文書の所持者にその文書の送付を嘱託することを申し立ててすることができる。ただし、当事者が法令により文書の正本又は謄本の交付を求めることができる場合は、この限りでない。
art-226/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226/par-1
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 219, documentary evidence may be offered by petitioning the court to request the person in possession of the document to send the document; provided, however, that this does not apply if a party may request the issuance of an authenticated copy or transcript of the document pursuant to law or regulation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十七条（文書の留置等） — (Retention of Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227
**第一項** 裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、提出又は送付に係る文書を留め置くことができる。
art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227/par-1
If the court finds it necessary, it may retain a document submitted or sent to it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 提出又は送付に係る文書については、第百三十二条の十三の規定は、適用しない。
art-227/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227/par-2
The provisions of Article 132-13 do not apply to the document that was submitted or sent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十八条（文書の成立） — (Provenance of Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228
**第一項** 文書は、その成立が真正であることを証明しなければならない。
art-228/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-1
A document must be proven to be of authentic provenance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 文書は、その方式及び趣旨により公務員が職務上作成したものと認めるべきときは、真正に成立した公文書と推定する。
art-228/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-2
If a document is found, in light of its form and purport, to have been prepared by a public officer in the course of duties, it is presumed to be an official document of authentic provenance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 公文書の成立の真否について疑いがあるときは、裁判所は、職権で、当該官庁又は公署に照会をすることができる。
art-228/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-3
If there is any doubt about the authenticity of an official document's provenance, the court may inquire of that government agency or public office sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "If there is any doubt about the authenticity of an official document's provenance, the court may inquire of the that government agency or public office sua sponte." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb
**第四項** 私文書は、本人又はその代理人の署名又は押印があるときは、真正に成立したものと推定する。
art-228/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-4
If a private document has been signed by, or bears the seal of, the principal or an agent, it is presumed to be of authentic provenance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第二項及び第三項の規定は、外国の官庁又は公署の作成に係るものと認めるべき文書について準用する。
art-228/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-5
The provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a document that is found to have been prepared by a foreign government agency or public office.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十九条（筆跡等の対照による証明） — (Proof by Comparison of Handwriting)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229
**第一項** 文書の成立の真否は、筆跡又は印影の対照によっても、証明することができる。
art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-1
The authenticity or inauthenticity of a document's provenance may be proven by a comparison of handwriting or seal impressions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条第一項及び第二項、第二百二十六条並びに第二百二十七条第一項の規定は、対照の用に供すべき筆跡又は印影を備える文書その他の物件の提出又は送付について準用する。
art-229/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-2
The provisions of Article 219; Article 223; Article 224, paragraphs (1) and (2); Article 226; and Article 227, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the submission or sending of a document or any other object that contains the handwriting or seal impression to be used for comparison.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 対照をするのに適当な相手方の筆跡がないときは、裁判所は、対照の用に供すべき文字の筆記を相手方に命ずることができる。
art-229/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-3
If there is no sample of the adverse party's handwriting which is suitable for comparison, the court may order the adverse party to write graphic symbols to be used for comparison.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 相手方が正当な理由なく前項の規定による決定に従わないときは、裁判所は、文書の成立の真否に関する挙証者の主張を真実と認めることができる。書体を変えて筆記したときも、同様とする。
art-229/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-4
If the adverse party fails to comply with a ruling as referred to in the provisions of the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court may find the allegations of the party that offers evidence concerning the authenticity or inauthenticity of the document's provenance to be true. The same applies if the adverse party writes the graphic symbols in a style of handwriting that is different from the adverse party's own.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第三者が正当な理由なく第二項において準用する第二百二十三条第一項の規定による提出の命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-5
If a third party fails to comply with a ruling to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-229/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-6
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十条（文書の成立の真正を争った者に対する過料） — (Civil Fines Against a Party Challenging the Authenticity of a Document's Provenance)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230
**第一項** 当事者又はその代理人が故意又は重大な過失により真実に反して文書の成立の真正を争ったときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230/par-1
If a party or their agent, intentionally or through gross negligence, has diverged from the truth in challenging the authenticity of a document's provenance, the court issues a ruling sentencing that person to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-230/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230/par-2
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、文書の成立の真正を争った当事者又は代理人が訴訟の係属中その文書の成立が真正であることを認めたときは、裁判所は、事情により、同項の決定を取り消すことができる。
art-230/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230/par-3
In a case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the party or agent that challenges the authenticity of a document's provenance admits, while litigation is pending, that the document is of authentic provenance the court may set aside the ruling referred to in that paragraph, depending on the circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十一条（文書に準ずる物件への準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application to Objects Equivalent to Documents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231
**第一項** この節の規定は、図面、写真、録音テープ、ビデオテープその他の情報を表すために作成された物件で文書でないものについて準用する。
art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231/par-1
The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to drawings, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, and any other objects prepared for the purpose of indicating information, other than documents.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節の二 電磁的記録に記録された情報の内容に係る証拠調べ — Section 5-2 Examinations of Evidence That Involve the Content of Information Recorded in Electronic or Magnetic Records
heading: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "Section 5-2 Examinations of Evidence That Involve the Content of Information Recorded in Electronic or Magnetic Records)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb
pt-2/ch-4/sec-5-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-5-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-5-2
### 第二百三十一条の二（電磁的記録に記録された情報の内容に係る証拠調べの申出） — (Requesting the Court to Examine Evidence in Connection with the Content of Information Recorded in Electronic or Magnetic Records)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-231-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-2
**第一項** 電磁的記録に記録された情報の内容に係る証拠調べの申出は、当該電磁的記録を提出し、又は当該電磁的記録を利用する権限を有する者にその提出を命ずることを申し立ててしなければならない。
art-231-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-2/par-1
A person must file a request for the court to examine evidence in connection with the content of information recorded in an electronic or magnetic record while either submitting the electronic or magnetic record or petitioning the court to order the person with the authority to use that electronic or magnetic record to submit it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による電磁的記録の提出は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体を提出する方法又は最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用する方法により行う。
art-231-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-2/par-2
As provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, a person must submit an electronic or magnetic record under the provisions of the preceding paragraph by submitting a recording medium on which the electronic or magnetic record has been recorded or by using an electronic data processing system as specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十一条の三（書証の規定の準用等） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions Concerning Documentary Evidence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-231-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-3
**第一項** 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで（同条第四項を除く。）及び第二百三十条の規定は、前条第一項の証拠調べについて準用する。この場合において、第二百二十条、第二百二十一条第一項第三号、第二百二十二条、第二百二十三条第一項及び第四項から第六項まで並びに第二百二十六条中「文書の所持者」とあるのは「電磁的記録を利用する権限を有する者」と、第二百二十条第一号中「文書を自ら所持する」とあるのは「電磁的記録を利用する権限を自ら有する」と、同条第二号中「引渡し」とあるのは「提供」と、同条第四号ニ中「所持する文書」とあるのは「利用する権限を有する電磁的記録」と、同号ホ中「書類」とあるのは「電磁的記録」と、「文書」とあるのは「記録媒体に記録された電磁的記録」と、第二百二十一条（見出しを含む。）、第二百二十二条、第二百二十三条の見出し、同条第一項、第三項、第六項及び第七項、第二百二十四条の見出し及び同条第一項並びに第二百二十五条の見出し及び同条第一項中「文書提出命令」とあるのは「電磁的記録提出命令」と、第二百二十四条第一項及び第三項中「文書の記載」とあるのは「電磁的記録に記録された情報の内容」と、第二百二十六条中「第二百十九条」とあるのは「第二百三十一条の二第一項」と、同条ただし書中「文書の正本又は謄本の交付」とあるのは「電磁的記録に記録された情報の内容の全部を証明した書面の交付又は当該情報の内容の全部を証明した電磁的記録の提供」と、第二百二十七条中「文書」とあるのは「電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体」と、第二百二十八条第二項中「公文書」とあるのは「もの」と、同条第三項中「公文書」とあるのは「公務所又は公務員が作成すべき電磁的記録」と読み替えるものとする。
art-231-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-3/par-1
The provisions of Articles 220 through 228 (excluding paragraph (4) of that Article) and Article 230 apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of evidence under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article. In such a case, the phrase "the person in possession of a document" in Article 220, Article 221, paragraph (1), item (iii), Article 222, Article 223, paragraph (1) and paragraphs (4) through (6) and Article 226 is deemed to be replaced with "the person with the authority to use an electronic or magnetic record"; the phrase "personally in possession of a document" in Article 220, item (i) is deemed to be replaced with "personally authorized to use an electronic or magnetic record"; the term "deliver" in item (ii) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "provide"; the phrase "a document held by the State or a local public entity" in item (iv)(d) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "an electronic or magnetic record that the State or a local public entity is authorized to use"; the terms "documents" and "a document" in (e) of that item are deemed to be replaced with "electronic or magnetic records" and "an electronic or magnetic record recorded in a recording medium", respectively; the phrase "order to submit documents" in Article 221 (including the title), Article 222, the title of Article 223, Article 223, paragraphs (1), (3), (6) and (7), the title of Article 224, Article 224, paragraph (1), the title of Article 225 and Article 225, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "order to submit electronic or magnetic records"; the phrase "the content of that document" in Article 224, paragraphs (1) and (3) is deemed to be replaced with "the content of information recorded in the electronic or magnetic records"; the phrase "Article 219" in Article 226 is deemed to be replaced with "Article 231-2, paragraph (1)"; the phrase "the issuance of an authenticated copy or transcript of the document" in the proviso to that Article is to be deemed to be replaced with "the issuance of a document certifying the full particulars of information recorded in the electronic or magnetic record or the provisions of an electronic or magnetic record certifying the full particulars of the information"; the term "a document" in Article 227 is deemed to be replaced with "a recording medium storing electronic or magnetic record"; the phrase "an official document of authentic provenance" in Article 228, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "of authentic provenance"; and the term "an official document" in paragraph (3) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "an electronic or magnetic record to be created by a public office or public officer".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項において準用する第二百二十三条第一項の命令に係る電磁的記録の提出及び前項において準用する第二百二十六条の嘱託に係る電磁的記録の送付は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、当該電磁的記録を記録した記録媒体を提出し、若しくは送付し、又は最高裁判所規則で定める電子情報処理組織を使用する方法により行う。
art-231-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-3/par-2
As provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, a person is to submit an electronic or magnetic record subject to an order under Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph or to transmit electronic or magnetic records subject to a request under Article 226 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph by submitting or sending a recording medium on which the electronic or magnetic record has been stored or by using an electronic data processing system as specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第六節 検証 — Section 6 Inspection of Evidence
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-6
### 第二百三十二条（検証の目的の提示等） — (Presentation of an Object for Inspection)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-232 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232
**第一項** 第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条、第二百二十六条及び第二百二十七条第一項の規定は、検証の目的の提示又は送付について準用する。
art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232/par-1
The provisions of Articles 219, 223, 224, 226, and 227, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the presentation or sending of an object for inspection.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第三者が正当な理由なく前項において準用する第二百二十三条第一項の規定による提示の命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、二十万円以下の過料に処する。
art-232/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232/par-2
If a third party fails to comply with an order to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
art-232/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232/par-3
An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十二条の二（映像等の送受信による方法による検証） — (Inspection of Evidence Using Audiovisual Transmissions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-232-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232-2
**第一項** 裁判所は、当事者に異議がない場合であって、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、映像と音声の送受信により検証の目的の状態を認識することができる方法によって、検証をすることができる。
art-232-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232-2/par-1
If neither party objects and the court finds it to be appropriate, the court may inspect evidence using a means that enables it to gain an awareness of the state of the thing being inspected through audio and visual transmissions, as provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十三条（検証の際の鑑定） — (Expert Testimony During the Inspection of Evidence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-233 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-233 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-233
**第一項** 裁判所又は受命裁判官若しくは受託裁判官は、検証をするに当たり、必要があると認めるときは、鑑定を命ずることができる。
art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-233/par-1
If the court or an authorized or commissioned judge finds that it will be necessary in the inspection of evidence, the court or judge may order expert testimony.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第七節 証拠保全 — Section 7 Preservation of Evidence
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-4/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-4/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/pt-2/ch-4/sec-7
### 第二百三十四条（証拠保全） — (Preservation of Evidence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-234
**第一項** 裁判所は、あらかじめ証拠調べをしておかなければその証拠を使用することが困難となる事情があると認めるときは、申立てにより、この章の規定に従い、証拠調べをすることができる。
art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-234/par-1
If the court finds circumstances to be such that, unless the examination of evidence is conducted in advance, it will be difficult to use the evidence, the court, upon petition, may conduct an examination of the evidence under the provisions of this Chapter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十五条（管轄裁判所等） — (Court of Jurisdiction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-235
**第一項** 訴えの提起後における証拠保全の申立ては、その証拠を使用すべき審級の裁判所にしなければならない。ただし、最初の口頭弁論の期日が指定され、又は事件が弁論準備手続若しくは書面による準備手続に付された後口頭弁論の終結に至るまでの間は、受訴裁判所にしなければならない。
art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-235/par-1
A petition for the preservation of evidence that is filed after the filing of an action, must be filed with the court of the instance in which the evidence is to be used; provided, however, that during the time from after the first date for oral arguments has been designated or from after the case is referred to preparatory proceedings or written preparatory proceedings until oral arguments are concluded, such a petition must be filed with the court in charge of the case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 訴えの提起前における証拠保全の申立ては、尋問を受けるべき者、文書を所持する者若しくは電磁的記録を利用する権限を有する者の居所又は検証物の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所にしなければならない。
art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-235/par-2
A petition for the preservation of evidence that is filed before the filing of an action, must be filed with the district court or summary court that has jurisdiction over the residence of the person to be examined, person in possession of the document in question, or person with the authority to use the electronic or magnetic records or the location of the object to be inspected.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 急迫の事情がある場合には、訴えの提起後であっても、前項の地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所に証拠保全の申立てをすることができる。
art-235/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-235/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-235/par-3
If there are pressing circumstances, a petition for the preservation of evidence may be filed with the district court or summary court referred to in the preceding paragraph, even after the filing of an action.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十六条（相手方の指定ができない場合の取扱い） — (Handling When the Adverse Party Cannot Be Designated)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-236 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-236 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-236
**第一項** 証拠保全の申立ては、相手方を指定することができない場合においても、することができる。この場合においては、裁判所は、相手方となるべき者のために特別代理人を選任することができる。
art-236/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-236/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-236/par-1
A petition for the preservation of evidence may be filed even if the adverse party cannot be designated. In such a case, the court may appoint a special representative on behalf of the person that would be the adverse party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十七条（職権による証拠保全） — (Preservation of Evidence by the Court Sua Sponte)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-237
**第一項** 裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、訴訟の係属中、職権で、証拠保全の決定をすることができる。
art-237/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-237/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-237/par-1
If the court finds it to be necessary, while litigation is pending, it may issue a ruling to preserve evidence sua sponte.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十八条（不服申立ての不許） — (Non-Permission of Appeal)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-238 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-238 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-238
**第一項** 証拠保全の決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
art-238/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-238/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-238/par-1
No appeal may be entered against a ruling to preserve evidence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十九条（受命裁判官による証拠調べ） — (Examination of Evidence by an Authorized Judge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-239 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-239 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-239
**第一項** 第二百三十五条第一項ただし書の場合には、裁判所は、受命裁判官に証拠調べをさせることができる。
art-239/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-239/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-239/par-1
In a case as referred to in the proviso to Article 235, paragraph (1), the court may have an authorized judge examine evidence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十条（期日の呼出し） — (Summons to a Court Date)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-240 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-240 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-240
**第一項** 証拠調べの期日には、申立人及び相手方を呼び出さなければならない。ただし、急速を要する場合は、この限りでない。
art-240/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-240/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-240/par-1
The petitioner and the adverse party must be summoned to appear on a date for examination of evidence; provided, however, that this does not apply in a case requiring urgency.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十一条（証拠保全の費用） — (Expenses for the Preservation of Evidence)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-241 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-241 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-241
**第一項** 証拠保全に関する費用は、訴訟費用の一部とする。
art-241/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-241/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-241/par-1
Expenses for the preservation of evidence constitute part of the court costs.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十二条（口頭弁論における再尋問） — (Re-Examination During Oral Arguments)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-242
**第一項** 証拠保全の手続において尋問をした証人について、当事者が口頭弁論における尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所は、その尋問をしなければならない。
art-242/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-242/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-242/par-1
If a party has requested that a witness who was examined during proceedings for the preservation of evidence be examined during oral arguments, the court must examine the witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
---
## Cites
- art-185/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十五条第一項 (Article 185, paragraph (1)), art-185/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-1
- art-185/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十五条第一項 (Article 185, paragraph (1)), art-185/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-1
- art-185/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十五条第二項 (Article 185, paragraph (2)), art-185/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-2
- art-186/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十六条第一項 (Article 186, paragraph (1)), art-186/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-186/par-1
- art-187/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十七条第一項 (Article 187, paragraph (1)), art-187/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187/par-1
- art-187/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十七条第三項 (Article 187, paragraph (3)), art-187/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-187/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-187/par-3
- art-189/par-3: 第五百十一条 → e-Gov law 323AC0000000131, 第五百十一条 (Article 511), art-511 — not held in this collection
- art-189/par-3: 第五百十一条の二 → e-Gov law 323AC0000000131, 第五百十一条の二 (Article 511-2), art-511-2 — not held in this collection
- art-189/par-3: 第五百十三条第七項から第十項まで → e-Gov law 323AC0000000131, 第五百十三条第七項 (Article 513, paragraph (7)), art-513/par-7 — not held in this collection
- art-189/par-3: 同条第一項 → e-Gov law 323AC0000000131, 第五百十三条第一項 (Article 513, paragraph (1)), art-513/par-1 — not held in this collection
- art-189/par-4: この項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十九条第四項 (Article 189, paragraph (4)), art-189/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-189/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-189/par-4
- art-191/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十一条第一項 (Article 191, paragraph (1)), art-191/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-191/par-1
- art-192/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十二条第一項 (Article 192, paragraph (1)), art-192/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192/par-1
- art-193/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十三条第一項 (Article 193, paragraph (1)), art-193/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193/par-1
- art-194/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十四条第一項 (Article 194, paragraph (1)), art-194/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-194/par-1
- art-197/par-1/item-1: 第百九十一条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十一条第一項 (Article 191, paragraph (1)), art-191/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-191/par-1
- art-197/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十七条第一項 (Article 197, paragraph (1)), art-197/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1
- art-199/par-1: 第百九十七条第一項第一号 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十七条第一項第一号 (Article 197, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-197/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1/item-1
- art-199/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十九条第一項 (Article 199, paragraph (1)), art-199/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-199/par-1
- art-200/par-1: 第百九十二条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十二条 (Article 192), art-192 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192
- art-200/par-1: 第百九十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十三条 (Article 193), art-193 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193
- art-201/par-3: 第百九十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十六条 (Article 196), art-196 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196
- art-201/par-4: 第百九十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十六条 (Article 196), art-196 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196
- art-201/par-5: 第百九十八条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十八条 (Article 198), art-198 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-198
- art-201/par-5: 第百九十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十九条 (Article 199), art-199 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-199
- art-201/par-5: 第百九十二条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十二条 (Article 192), art-192 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192
- art-201/par-5: 第百九十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十三条 (Article 193), art-193 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193
- art-202/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二条第一項 (Article 202, paragraph (1)), art-202/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202/par-1
- art-202/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二条第二項 (Article 202, paragraph (2)), art-202/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202/par-2
- art-203-2/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の二第一項 (Article 203-2, paragraph (1)), art-203-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2/par-1
- art-203-2/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の二第一項 (Article 203-2, paragraph (1)), art-203-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2/par-1
- art-203-3/par-1: 次条第二号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百四条第一項第二号 (Article 204, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-204/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204/par-1/item-2
- art-203-3/par-1: 同条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百四条 (Article 204), art-204 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204
- art-203-3/par-3: 前条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の二第三項 (Article 203-2, paragraph (3)), art-203-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2/par-3
- art-203-3/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の三第一項 (Article 203-3, paragraph (1)), art-203-3/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3/par-1
- art-203-3/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の三第二項 (Article 203-3, paragraph (2)), art-203-3/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3/par-2
- art-205/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五条第一項 (Article 205, paragraph (1)), art-205/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-1
- art-205/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五条第一項 (Article 205, paragraph (1)), art-205/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-1
- art-205/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五条第二項 (Article 205, paragraph (2)), art-205/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-2
- art-206/par-1: 第二百二条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二条第三項 (Article 202, paragraph (3)), art-202/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202/par-3
- art-209/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百九条第一項 (Article 209, paragraph (1)), art-209/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-209/par-1
- art-209/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百九条第一項 (Article 209, paragraph (1)), art-209/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-209/par-1
- art-210/par-1: 第百九十五条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十五条 (Article 195), art-195 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-195
- art-210/par-1: 第二百一条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百一条第二項 (Article 201, paragraph (2)), art-201/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-2
- art-210/par-1: 第二百二条から第二百四条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二条 (Article 202), art-202 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-202
- art-210/par-1: 第二百二条から第二百四条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条 (Article 203), art-203 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203
- art-210/par-1: 第二百二条から第二百四条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の二 (Article 203-2), art-203-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-2
- art-210/par-1: 第二百二条から第二百四条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百三条の三 (Article 203-3), art-203-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-203-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-203-3
- art-210/par-1: 第二百二条から第二百四条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百四条 (Article 204), art-204 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-204
- art-210/par-1: 第二百六条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六条 (Article 206), art-206 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-206
- art-212/par-2: 第百九十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十六条 (Article 196), art-196 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196
- art-212/par-2: 第二百一条第四項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百一条第四項 (Article 201, paragraph (4)), art-201/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-4
- art-212/par-2: 同条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百一条第二項 (Article 201, paragraph (2)), art-201/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-2
- art-215/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条第一項 (Article 215, paragraph (1)), art-215/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-1
- art-215/par-4: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条第一項 (Article 215, paragraph (1)), art-215/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-1
- art-215/par-4: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条第二項 (Article 215, paragraph (2)), art-215/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-2
- art-215-2/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条の二第一項 (Article 215-2, paragraph (1)), art-215-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-1
- art-215-2/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条の二第二項 (Article 215-2, paragraph (2)), art-215-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-2
- art-215-2/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条の二第三項 (Article 215-2, paragraph (3)), art-215-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-3
- art-215-4/par-1: 第二百十五条の二第四項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条の二第四項 (Article 215-2, paragraph (4)), art-215-2/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215-2/par-4
- art-216/par-1: 第百九十一条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十一条 (Article 191), art-191 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-191
- art-216/par-1: 第百九十七条から第百九十九条まで → 民事訴訟法 第百九十七条 (Article 197), art-197 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197
- art-216/par-1: 第百九十七条から第百九十九条まで → 民事訴訟法 第百九十八条 (Article 198), art-198 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-198
- art-216/par-1: 第百九十七条から第百九十九条まで → 民事訴訟法 第百九十九条 (Article 199), art-199 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-199
- art-216/par-1: 第二百一条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百一条第一項 (Article 201, paragraph (1)), art-201/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-201/par-1
- art-216/par-1: 第百九十二条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十二条 (Article 192), art-192 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-192
- art-216/par-1: 第百九十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十三条 (Article 193), art-193 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-193
- art-218/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十八条第一項 (Article 218, paragraph (1)), art-218/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-218/par-1
- art-218/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十八条第一項 (Article 218, paragraph (1)), art-218/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-218/par-1
- art-220/par-1/item-4: 前三号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第一号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-220/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-1
- art-220/par-1/item-4: 前三号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第二号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-220/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-2
- art-220/par-1/item-4: 前三号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第三号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-220/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-3
- art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 第百九十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十六条 (Article 196), art-196 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-196
- art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 第百九十七条第一項第二号 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十七条第一項第二号 (Article 197, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-197/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1/item-2
- art-220/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 同項第三号 → 民事訴訟法 第百九十七条第一項第三号 (Article 197, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-197/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-197/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-197/par-1/item-3
- art-221/par-2: 前条第四号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第四号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-220/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
- art-222/par-1: 前条第一項第一号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十一条第一項第一号 (Article 221, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-221/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-1
- art-222/par-1: 第二号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十一条第一項第二号 (Article 221, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-221/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-2
- art-222/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十二条第一項 (Article 222, paragraph (1)), art-222/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-222/par-1
- art-223/par-3: 第二百二十条第四号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第四号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-220/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
- art-223/par-3: この条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条 (Article 223), art-223 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223
- art-223/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第三項 (Article 223, paragraph (3)), art-223/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-3
- art-223/par-4: 第二百二十条第四号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第四号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-220/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
- art-223/par-5: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第三項 (Article 223, paragraph (3)), art-223/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-3
- art-223/par-5: 第二百二十条第四号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第四号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-220/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
- art-223/par-6: 第二百二十条第四号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第四号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-220/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
- art-224/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第一項 (Article 224, paragraph (1)), art-224/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-1
- art-224/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第一項 (Article 224, paragraph (1)), art-224/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-1
- art-224/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第二項 (Article 224, paragraph (2)), art-224/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-2
- art-225/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十五条第一項 (Article 225, paragraph (1)), art-225/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-225/par-1
- art-226/par-1: 第二百十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十九条 (Article 219), art-219 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219
- art-227/par-2: 第百三十二条の十三 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十二条の十三 (Article 132-13), art-132-13 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-132-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-132-13
- art-228/par-5: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十八条第二項 (Article 228, paragraph (2)), art-228/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-2
- art-228/par-5: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十八条第三項 (Article 228, paragraph (3)), art-228/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-3
- art-229/par-2: 第二百十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十九条 (Article 219), art-219 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219
- art-229/par-2: 第二百二十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条 (Article 223), art-223 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223
- art-229/par-2: 第二百二十四条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第一項 (Article 224, paragraph (1)), art-224/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-1
- art-229/par-2: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第二項 (Article 224, paragraph (2)), art-224/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-2
- art-229/par-2: 第二百二十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十六条 (Article 226), art-226 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226
- art-229/par-2: 第二百二十七条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十七条第一項 (Article 227, paragraph (1)), art-227/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227/par-1
- art-229/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第三項 (Article 229, paragraph (3)), art-229/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-3
- art-229/par-5: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第二項 (Article 229, paragraph (2)), art-229/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-2
- art-229/par-5: 第二百二十三条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第一項 (Article 223, paragraph (1)), art-223/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-1
- art-229/par-6: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第五項 (Article 229, paragraph (5)), art-229/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-5
- art-230/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十条第一項 (Article 230, paragraph (1)), art-230/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230/par-1
- art-230/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十条第一項 (Article 230, paragraph (1)), art-230/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230/par-1
- art-231-2/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十一条の二第一項 (Article 231-2, paragraph (1)), art-231-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-2/par-1
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条 (Article 220), art-220 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十一条 (Article 221), art-221 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十二条 (Article 222), art-222 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-222
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条 (Article 223), art-223 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条 (Article 224), art-224 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十五条 (Article 225), art-225 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-225
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十六条 (Article 226), art-226 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十七条 (Article 227), art-227 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条から第二百二十八条まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十八条 (Article 228), art-228 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228
- art-231-3/par-1: 同条第四項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十八条第四項 (Article 228, paragraph (4)), art-228/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-4
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百三十条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十条 (Article 230), art-230 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-230
- art-231-3/par-1: 前条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十一条の二第一項 (Article 231-2, paragraph (1)), art-231-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-2/par-1
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十一条第一項第三号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十一条第一項第三号 (Article 221, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-221/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-221/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-221/par-1/item-3
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十三条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第一項 (Article 223, paragraph (1)), art-223/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-1
- art-231-3/par-1: 第四項から第六項まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第四項 (Article 223, paragraph (4)), art-223/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-4
- art-231-3/par-1: 第四項から第六項まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第五項 (Article 223, paragraph (5)), art-223/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-5
- art-231-3/par-1: 第四項から第六項まで → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第六項 (Article 223, paragraph (6)), art-223/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-6
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十条第一号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第一号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-220/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-1
- art-231-3/par-1: 同条第二号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第二号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-220/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-2
- art-231-3/par-1: 同条第四号 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十条第一項第四号 (Article 220, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-220/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-220/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-220/par-1/item-4
- art-231-3/par-1: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第三項 (Article 223, paragraph (3)), art-223/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-3
- art-231-3/par-1: 第七項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第七項 (Article 223, paragraph (7)), art-223/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-7
- art-231-3/par-1: 同条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第一項 (Article 224, paragraph (1)), art-224/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-1
- art-231-3/par-1: 同条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十五条第一項 (Article 225, paragraph (1)), art-225/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-225/par-1
- art-231-3/par-1: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第三項 (Article 224, paragraph (3)), art-224/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-3
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十九条 (Article 219), art-219 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219
- art-231-3/par-1: 第二百二十八条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十八条第二項 (Article 228, paragraph (2)), art-228/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-2
- art-231-3/par-1: 同条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十八条第三項 (Article 228, paragraph (3)), art-228/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-228/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-228/par-3
- art-231-3/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十一条の三第一項 (Article 231-3, paragraph (1)), art-231-3/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-231-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-231-3/par-1
- art-231-3/par-2: 第二百二十三条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第一項 (Article 223, paragraph (1)), art-223/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-1
- art-231-3/par-2: 第二百二十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十六条 (Article 226), art-226 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226
- art-232/par-1: 第二百十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十九条 (Article 219), art-219 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219
- art-232/par-1: 第二百二十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条 (Article 223), art-223 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223
- art-232/par-1: 第二百二十四条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条 (Article 224), art-224 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224
- art-232/par-1: 第二百二十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十六条 (Article 226), art-226 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226
- art-232/par-1: 第二百二十七条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十七条第一項 (Article 227, paragraph (1)), art-227/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227/par-1
- art-232/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十二条第一項 (Article 232, paragraph (1)), art-232/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232/par-1
- art-232/par-2: 第二百二十三条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第一項 (Article 223, paragraph (1)), art-223/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-1
- art-232/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十二条第二項 (Article 232, paragraph (2)), art-232/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232/par-2
- art-235/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十五条第二項 (Article 235, paragraph (2)), art-235/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-235/par-2
- art-239/par-1: 第二百三十五条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十五条第一項 (Article 235, paragraph (1)), art-235/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-235/par-1
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## Sources
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- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure (民事訴訟法), Article 228, paragraph (3) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure (民事訴訟法), Part 2, Chapter 4, Section 5-2 — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch code-of-civil-procedure-20261017T235501-001, translated 2026-10-18
- This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17