# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第二百二十九条 (Article 229) - Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号 - English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第二百二十九条 (Article 229)（筆跡等の対照による証明） — address `art-229` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第二百二十九条（筆跡等の対照による証明） — (Proof by Comparison of Handwriting) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229 **第一項** 文書の成立の真否は、筆跡又は印影の対照によっても、証明することができる。 art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-1 The authenticity or inauthenticity of a document's provenance may be proven by a comparison of handwriting or seal impressions. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第二百十九条、第二百二十三条、第二百二十四条第一項及び第二項、第二百二十六条並びに第二百二十七条第一項の規定は、対照の用に供すべき筆跡又は印影を備える文書その他の物件の提出又は送付について準用する。 art-229/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-2 The provisions of Article 219; Article 223; Article 224, paragraphs (1) and (2); Article 226; and Article 227, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to the submission or sending of a document or any other object that contains the handwriting or seal impression to be used for comparison. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 対照をするのに適当な相手方の筆跡がないときは、裁判所は、対照の用に供すべき文字の筆記を相手方に命ずることができる。 art-229/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-3 If there is no sample of the adverse party's handwriting which is suitable for comparison, the court may order the adverse party to write graphic symbols to be used for comparison. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 相手方が正当な理由なく前項の規定による決定に従わないときは、裁判所は、文書の成立の真否に関する挙証者の主張を真実と認めることができる。書体を変えて筆記したときも、同様とする。 art-229/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-4 If the adverse party fails to comply with a ruling as referred to in the provisions of the preceding paragraph without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court may find the allegations of the party that offers evidence concerning the authenticity or inauthenticity of the document's provenance to be true. The same applies if the adverse party writes the graphic symbols in a style of handwriting that is different from the adverse party's own. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 第三者が正当な理由なく第二項において準用する第二百二十三条第一項の規定による提出の命令に従わないときは、裁判所は、決定で、十万円以下の過料に処する。 art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-5 If a third party fails to comply with a ruling to submit under the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) without a legitimate reason for failing to do so, the court issues a ruling sentencing the third party to a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-229/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-6 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-229/par-2: 第二百十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十九条 (Article 219), art-219 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-219 - art-229/par-2: 第二百二十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条 (Article 223), art-223 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223 - art-229/par-2: 第二百二十四条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第一項 (Article 224, paragraph (1)), art-224/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-1 - art-229/par-2: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十四条第二項 (Article 224, paragraph (2)), art-224/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-224/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-224/par-2 - art-229/par-2: 第二百二十六条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十六条 (Article 226), art-226 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-226 - art-229/par-2: 第二百二十七条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十七条第一項 (Article 227, paragraph (1)), art-227/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227/par-1 - art-229/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第三項 (Article 229, paragraph (3)), art-229/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-3 - art-229/par-5: 第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第二項 (Article 229, paragraph (2)), art-229/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-2 - art-229/par-5: 第二百二十三条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十三条第一項 (Article 223, paragraph (1)), art-223/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-223/par-1 - art-229/par-6: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第五項 (Article 229, paragraph (5)), art-229/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-5 ## Cited by 5 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 労働審判法 第十七条第二項（証拠調べ等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/labor-tribunal-act/art-17/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000045/art-17/par-2 - 民事訴訟法 第百七十一条第三項（受命裁判官による弁論準備手続） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-171/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-171/par-3 - 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第四項（筆跡等の対照による証明） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-4 - 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第五項（筆跡等の対照による証明） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-5 - 民事訴訟法 第二百二十九条第六項（筆跡等の対照による証明） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-229/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-229/par-6 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17 - This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17