# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第百四十六条 (Article 146) - Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号 - English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第百四十六条 (Article 146)（反訴） — address `art-146` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第百四十六条（反訴） — (Counterclaims) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-146 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146 **第一項** 被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、本訴の係属する裁判所に反訴を提起することができる。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。 art-146/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-1 The defendant may file a counterclaim with the court where the principal action is pending up until the time that oral arguments reach a conclusion, but only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply in the following cases: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 反訴の目的である請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属するとき。 art-146/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-1/item-1 if the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 反訴の提起により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき。 art-146/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-1/item-2 if the filing of a counterclaim would substantially delay litigation proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 本訴の係属する裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、反訴の目的である請求が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項第一号の規定は、適用しない。 art-146/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-2 If the principal action is pending before a court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provisions of item (i) of the preceding paragraph does not apply. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 日本の裁判所が反訴の目的である請求について管轄権を有しない場合には、被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と密接に関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、第一項の規定による反訴を提起することができる。ただし、日本の裁判所が管轄権の専属に関する規定により反訴の目的である請求について管轄権を有しないときは、この限りでない。 art-146/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-3 If the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over a claim that is the subject matter of a counterclaim, the defendant may file a counterclaim pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a close bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a close bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply if the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim pursuant to the provisions on exclusive jurisdiction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 反訴については、訴えに関する規定による。 art-146/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-4 Counterclaims are governed by the provisions on actions. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-146/par-1/item-1: 第十一条 → 民事訴訟法 第十一条 (Article 11), art-11 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-11 - art-146/par-2: 第六条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第六条第一項 (Article 6, paragraph (1)), art-6/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-6/par-1 - art-146/par-2: 前項第一号 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十六条第一項第一号 (Article 146, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-146/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-1/item-1 - art-146/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十六条第一項 (Article 146, paragraph (1)), art-146/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-1 ## Cited by 2 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民事訴訟法 第百四十六条第二項（反訴） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-2 - 民事訴訟法 第百四十六条第三項（反訴） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-146/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-146/par-3 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17 - This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17