# 民事執行法 / Civil Enforcement Act — 第百六十八条の二 (Article 168-2) - Law: 民事執行法 (Civil Enforcement Act), 昭和五十四年法律第四号 - English title "Civil Enforcement Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第百六十八条の二 (Article 168-2)（明渡しの催告） — address `art-168-2` - Text in force since: 2026-05-21 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第百六十八条の二（明渡しの催告） — (Demand for Eviction) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-168-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2 **第一項** 執行官は、不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しの強制執行の申立てがあつた場合において、当該強制執行を開始することができるときは、次項に規定する引渡し期限を定めて、明渡しの催告（不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しの催告をいう。以下この条において同じ。）をすることができる。ただし、債務者が当該不動産等を占有していないときは、この限りでない。 art-168-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-1 If a petition to enforce the delivery or eviction of immovable property or a residence has been filed, and it is possible to commence enforcement, the court enforcement officer may demand its eviction (meaning demanding the person to deliver or evict the immovable property or residence; the same applies in this Article), specifying the time limit for delivery prescribed in the following paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligor does not have possession of immovable property or a residence. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 引渡し期限（明渡しの催告に基づき第六項の規定による強制執行をすることができる期限をいう。以下この条において同じ。）は、明渡しの催告があつた日から一月を経過する日とする。ただし、執行官は、執行裁判所の許可を得て、当該日以後の日を引渡し期限とすることができる。 art-168-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-2 The time limit for delivery (meaning the time limit for carrying out judicial enforcement under paragraph (6) based on a demand for eviction; the same applies in this Article) is the day on which one month has passed from the day on which the demand for eviction is made; provided, however, that a court enforcement officer may designate another date as the time limit for delivery by obtaining the permission of the enforcement court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 執行官は、明渡しの催告をしたときは、その旨、引渡し期限及び第五項の規定により債務者が不動産等の占有を移転することを禁止されている旨を、当該不動産等の所在する場所に公示書その他の標識を掲示する方法により、公示しなければならない。 art-168-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-3 If the court enforcement officer demands the eviction of the property, they must give public notice of that fact, the time limit for delivery, and the fact that the obligor is prohibited from transferring possession of the immovable property or residence pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) by the method of posting a written public notice or any other sign at the place where the immovable property or residence is located. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 執行官は、引渡し期限が経過するまでの間においては、執行裁判所の許可を得て、引渡し期限を延長することができる。この場合においては、執行官は、引渡し期限の変更があつた旨及び変更後の引渡し期限を、当該不動産等の所在する場所に公示書その他の標識を掲示する方法により、公示しなければならない。 art-168-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-4 Until the deadline for delivery passes, the court enforcement officer may extend the deadline for delivery with the permission of the enforcement court. In this case, the court enforcement officer must give public notice of the fact that the deadline for delivery has changed and the deadline for delivery after the change by posting a written public notice or any other type of sign at the place where the immovable property or a residence is located. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 明渡しの催告があつたときは、債務者は、不動産等の占有を移転してはならない。ただし、債権者に対して不動産等の引渡し又は明渡しをする場合は、この限りでない。 art-168-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-5 Once a demand for eviction is made, the obligor must not transfer possession of the immovable property or residence; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligor delivers or evicts the immovable property or residence to the obligee. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "Once a demand for evict the property is made, the obligor must not transfer possession of the immovable property or residence; provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligor delivers or evicts the immovable property or residence to the obligee." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4900/tb **第六項** 明渡しの催告後に不動産等の占有の移転があつたときは、引渡し期限が経過するまでの間においては、占有者（第一項の不動産等を占有する者であつて債務者以外のものをいう。以下この条において同じ。）に対して、第一項の申立てに基づく強制執行をすることができる。この場合において、第四十二条及び前条の規定の適用については、当該占有者を債務者とみなす。 art-168-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-6 If possession of immovable property or a residence is transferred after a demand for eviction is made, until the time limit for delivery has been reached, judicial enforcement based on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) may be carried out against the possessor (meaning a person possessing the immovable property or residence referred to in paragraph (1) who is not the obligor; the same applies in this Article). In this case, that possessor is deemed to be the obligor regarding application of the provisions of Article 42 and the preceding Article. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第七項** 明渡しの催告後に不動産等の占有の移転があつたときは、占有者は、明渡しの催告があつたことを知らず、かつ、債務者の占有の承継人でないことを理由として、債権者に対し、強制執行の不許を求める訴えを提起することができる。この場合においては、第三十六条、第三十七条及び第三十八条第三項の規定を準用する。 art-168-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-7 If possession of immovable property or a residence is transferred after a demand for eviction is made, the possessor may file an action against the obligee calling for the court to disallow enforcement, on the basis that the possessor had no knowledge of a demand for eviction of the property having been made and the possessor is not a successor to the obligor's possession. In this case, the provisions of Article 36, Article 37 and Article 38, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第八項** 明渡しの催告後に不動産等を占有した占有者は、明渡しの催告があつたことを知つて占有したものと推定する。 art-168-2/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-8 A possessor taking possession of immovable property or a residence after a demand for eviction is made is presumed to have taken possession of it knowing that the demand had been made. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第九項** 第六項の規定により占有者に対して強制執行がされたときは、当該占有者は、執行異議の申立てにおいて、債権者に対抗することができる権原により目的物を占有していること、又は明渡しの催告があつたことを知らず、かつ、債務者の占有の承継人でないことを理由とすることができる。 art-168-2/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-9 When judicial enforcement has been carried out against a possessor pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (6), the possessor may assert, as the basis for filing an objection to an enforcement measure, that they possess the subject matter based on a title which may be duly asserted against the obligee or that they have no knowledge of a demand for eviction having been made and they are not a successor to the obligor's possession. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十項** 明渡しの催告に要した費用は、執行費用とする。 art-168-2/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-10 The expenses required for a demand for eviction are enforcement costs. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-168-2/par-1: 次項 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第二項 (Article 168-2, paragraph (2)), art-168-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-2 - art-168-2/par-1: この条 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二 (Article 168-2), art-168-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2 - art-168-2/par-2: 第六項 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第六項 (Article 168-2, paragraph (6)), art-168-2/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-6 - art-168-2/par-2: この条 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二 (Article 168-2), art-168-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2 - art-168-2/par-3: 第五項 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第五項 (Article 168-2, paragraph (5)), art-168-2/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-5 - art-168-2/par-6: 第一項 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第一項 (Article 168-2, paragraph (1)), art-168-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-1 - art-168-2/par-6: この条 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二 (Article 168-2), art-168-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2 - art-168-2/par-6: 第四十二条 → 民事執行法 第四十二条 (Article 42), art-42 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-42 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-42 - art-168-2/par-6: 前条 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条 (Article 168), art-168 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168 - art-168-2/par-7: 第三十六条 → 民事執行法 第三十六条 (Article 36), art-36 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-36 - art-168-2/par-7: 第三十七条 → 民事執行法 第三十七条 (Article 37), art-37 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-37 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-37 - art-168-2/par-7: 第三十八条第三項 → 民事執行法 第三十八条第三項 (Article 38, paragraph (3)), art-38/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-38/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-38/par-3 - art-168-2/par-9: 第六項 → 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第六項 (Article 168-2, paragraph (6)), art-168-2/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-6 ## Cited by 8 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民事執行法 第百六十八条第一項（不動産の引渡し等の強制執行） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168/par-1 - 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第一項（明渡しの催告） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-1 - 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第二項（明渡しの催告） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-2 - 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第三項（明渡しの催告） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-3 - 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第六項（明渡しの催告） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-6 - 民事執行法 第百六十八条の二第九項（明渡しの催告） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-168-2/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-168-2/par-9 - 民事執行法 第百七十三条第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-173/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-173/par-1 - 民事執行法 第二百十二条第一項第二号（公示書等損壊罪） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-enforcement-act/art-212/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-212/par-1/item-2 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-19 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事執行法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/354AC0000000004/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Enforcement Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4900/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Enforcement Act (民事執行法), Article 168-2, paragraph (5) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4900/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - This site's parser, version 204 — 民事執行法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19