# 民法 / Civil Code — 第七節 (Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 7) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第七節 (Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 7) — address `pt-3/ch-2/sec-7` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第七節　賃貸借 — Section 7 Leases heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7 ## 第一款　総則 — Subsection 1 General Provisions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-1 ### 第六百一条（賃貸借） — (Leases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-601 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-601 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-601 **第一項** 賃貸借は、当事者の一方がある物の使用及び収益を相手方にさせることを約し、相手方がこれに対してその賃料を支払うこと及び引渡しを受けた物を契約が終了したときに返還することを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。 art-601/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-601/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-601/par-1 A lease becomes effective if one of the parties promises to make a certain thing available for the other party to use and make profit, and the other party promises to pay rent for the leased thing and return the delivered thing when the contract is terminated. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百二条（短期賃貸借） — (Short-Term Leases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-602 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602 **第一項** 処分の権限を有しない者が賃貸借をする場合には、次の各号に掲げる賃貸借は、それぞれ当該各号に定める期間を超えることができない。契約でこれより長い期間を定めたときであっても、その期間は、当該各号に定める期間とする。 art-602/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1 If a person with no authority of disposition makes a lease contract, the leases stated in the following items must not exceed the terms specified in those items; any longer term specified by a contract is reduced to the term specified in the relevant item: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 樹木の栽植又は伐採を目的とする山林の賃貸借　十年 art-602/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-1 leases of forest for the purpose of planting or felling trees:10 years; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 前号に掲げる賃貸借以外の土地の賃貸借　五年 art-602/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-2 leases of land other than the leases stated in the preceding item:five years; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 建物の賃貸借　三年 art-602/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-3 lease of a building:three years; and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 動産の賃貸借　六箇月 art-602/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-4 lease of movables:six months. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百三条（短期賃貸借の更新） — (Renewal of Short-Term Leases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-603 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-603 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-603 **第一項** 前条に定める期間は、更新することができる。ただし、その期間満了前、土地については一年以内、建物については三箇月以内、動産については一箇月以内に、その更新をしなければならない。 art-603/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-603/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-603/par-1 The terms prescribed in the preceding Article may be renewed; provided, however, that the renewal must be carried out within one year before the expiration of the term for land, and within three months before the expiration of the term for a building, and within one month before the expiration of the term for movables. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四条（賃貸借の存続期間） — (Duration of Lease) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-604 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-604 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-604 **第一項** 賃貸借の存続期間は、五十年を超えることができない。契約でこれより長い期間を定めたときであっても、その期間は、五十年とする。 art-604/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-604/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-604/par-1 The duration of a lease may not exceed 50 years. Even if the contract prescribes a longer term, that term is considered to be 50 years. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 賃貸借の存続期間は、更新することができる。ただし、その期間は、更新の時から五十年を超えることができない。 art-604/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-604/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-604/par-2 The duration of a lease may be renewed; provided, however, that the term may not exceed 50 years from the time of the renewal. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第二款　賃貸借の効力 — Subsection 2 Effect of Lease heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-2 ### 第六百五条（不動産賃貸借の対抗力） — (Perfection of Lease of Immovables) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-605 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605 **第一項** 不動産の賃貸借は、これを登記したときは、その不動産について物権を取得した者その他の第三者に対抗することができる。 art-605/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605/par-1 A lease of immovables, when registered, may be duly asserted against a third party such as a person that subsequently acquires real rights with respect to the immovables. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五条の二（不動産の賃貸人たる地位の移転） — (Transfer of Status of Lessor of Immovables) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-605-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2 **第一項** 前条、借地借家法（平成三年法律第九十号）第十条又は第三十一条その他の法令の規定による賃貸借の対抗要件を備えた場合において、その不動産が譲渡されたときは、その不動産の賃貸人たる地位は、その譲受人に移転する。 art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-1 If a lease is perfected in accordance with the laws and regulations including the preceding Article, and Articles 10 and 31 of the Act on Land and Building Leases (Act No. 90 of 1991), and the relevant immovables are assigned, the status of the lessor of the immovables is transferred to its assignee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、不動産の譲渡人及び譲受人が、賃貸人たる地位を譲渡人に留保する旨及びその不動産を譲受人が譲渡人に賃貸する旨の合意をしたときは、賃貸人たる地位は、譲受人に移転しない。この場合において、譲渡人と譲受人又はその承継人との間の賃貸借が終了したときは、譲渡人に留保されていた賃貸人たる地位は、譲受人又はその承継人に移転する。 art-605-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-2 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the assignor and the assignee of immovables agree that the assignor reserves the status of lessor and that the assignee leases the immovables to the assignor, the status of lessor is not transferred to the assignee. In such a case, if a lease between the assignor and the assignee or any successor of the assignee is terminated, the status of lessor that the assignor has reserved is transferred to the assignee or any successor of the assignee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項又は前項後段の規定による賃貸人たる地位の移転は、賃貸物である不動産について所有権の移転の登記をしなければ、賃借人に対抗することができない。 art-605-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-3 The status of lessor under the provisions of paragraph (1) or the second sentence of the preceding paragraph may not be duly asserted against the lessee unless the transfer of ownership for the immovables under lease is registered. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 第一項又は第二項後段の規定により賃貸人たる地位が譲受人又はその承継人に移転したときは、第六百八条の規定による費用の償還に係る債務及び第六百二十二条の二第一項の規定による同項に規定する敷金の返還に係る債務は、譲受人又はその承継人が承継する。 art-605-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-4 If the status of lessor is transferred to the assignee or any successor of the assignee pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the second sentence of paragraph (2), the assignee or any successor of the assignee succeeds to the obligation to reimburse expenses under the provisions of Article 608 and the obligation to refund the security deposit prescribed in Article 622-2, paragraph (1) under the provisions of that paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五条の三（合意による不動産の賃貸人たる地位の移転） — (Transfer of Status of Lessor of Immovables by Agreement) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-605-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-3 **第一項** 不動産の譲渡人が賃貸人であるときは、その賃貸人たる地位は、賃借人の承諾を要しないで、譲渡人と譲受人との合意により、譲受人に移転させることができる。この場合においては、前条第三項及び第四項の規定を準用する。 art-605-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-3/par-1 If the assignor of immovables is the lessor, the status of lessor may be transferred to the assignee by agreement between the assignor and the assignee, without the consent of the lessee. In such a case, the provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五条の四（不動産の賃借人による妨害の停止の請求等） — (Demand by Lessee of Immovables for Discontinuation of Disturbance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-605-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4 **第一項** 不動産の賃借人は、第六百五条の二第一項に規定する対抗要件を備えた場合において、次の各号に掲げるときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める請求をすることができる。 art-605-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4/par-1 If the lessee of immovables satisfies the requirements for perfection prescribed in Article 605-2, paragraph (1), the lessee may seek as specified in each of the following items in the cases stated in the respective items: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** その不動産の占有を第三者が妨害しているとき　その第三者に対する妨害の停止の請求 art-605-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4/par-1/item-1 a third party disturbs the lessee's possession of the immovables:demanding that the third party discontinue disturbance; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** その不動産を第三者が占有しているとき　その第三者に対する返還の請求 art-605-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-4/par-1/item-2 a third party is in possession of the immovables:demanding that the third party return it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百六条（賃貸人による修繕等） — (Repairs by Lessor) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-606 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-606 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-606 **第一項** 賃貸人は、賃貸物の使用及び収益に必要な修繕をする義務を負う。ただし、賃借人の責めに帰すべき事由によってその修繕が必要となったときは、この限りでない。 art-606/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-606/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-606/par-1 A lessor assumes an obligation to effect repairs necessary for using and making profit of the leased thing; provided, however, that this does not apply if repairs are necessary due to any grounds attributable to the lessee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 賃貸人が賃貸物の保存に必要な行為をしようとするときは、賃借人は、これを拒むことができない。 art-606/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-606/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-606/par-2 A lessee may not refuse if the lessor seeks to engage in an act that is necessary for the preservation of the leased thing. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百七条（賃借人の意思に反する保存行為） — (Act of Preservation Against the Intention of the Lessee) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-607 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-607 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607 **第一項** 賃貸人が賃借人の意思に反して保存行為をしようとする場合において、そのために賃借人が賃借をした目的を達することができなくなるときは、賃借人は、契約の解除をすることができる。 art-607/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-607/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607/par-1 If a lessor seeks to engage in an act of preservation against the intention of the lessee and the lessee cannot achieve the purpose of the lease as a result of this, the lessee may cancel the contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百七条の二（賃借人による修繕） — (Repairs by Lessee) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-607-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-607-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2 **第一項** 賃借物の修繕が必要である場合において、次に掲げるときは、賃借人は、その修繕をすることができる。 art-607-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-607-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2/par-1 If repairs are necessary for the leased thing, the lessee may make repairs in the following cases: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 賃借人が賃貸人に修繕が必要である旨を通知し、又は賃貸人がその旨を知ったにもかかわらず、賃貸人が相当の期間内に必要な修繕をしないとき。 art-607-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-607-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2/par-1/item-1 the lessee notifies the lessor of the necessity of repairs or the lessor becomes aware of the necessity of repairs, but the lessor does not make the necessary repairs within a reasonable period of time; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 急迫の事情があるとき。 art-607-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-607-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-607-2/par-1/item-2 there are pressing circumstances. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百八条（賃借人による費用の償還請求） — (Lessee's Demand for Reimbursement of Costs) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-608 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-608 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608 **第一項** 賃借人は、賃借物について賃貸人の負担に属する必要費を支出したときは、賃貸人に対し、直ちにその償還を請求することができる。 art-608/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-608/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608/par-1 If a lessee has defrayed necessary expenses with respect to the leased thing which ought to be borne by the lessor, the lessee may immediately demand the reimbursement of the same from the lessor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 賃借人が賃借物について有益費を支出したときは、賃貸人は、賃貸借の終了の時に、第百九十六条第二項の規定に従い、その償還をしなければならない。ただし、裁判所は、賃貸人の請求により、その償還について相当の期限を許与することができる。 art-608/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-608/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608/par-2 If the lessee has incurred beneficial expenses with respect to the leased thing, the lessor must reimburse those expenses on termination of the lease in compliance with the provisions of Article 196, paragraph (2); provided, however, that the court may, at the lessor's request, grant a reasonable period of time for the reimbursement of the same. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九条（減収による賃料の減額請求） — (Demand for Reduction of Rent Due to Decrease in Profits) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-609 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-609 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-609 **第一項** 耕作又は牧畜を目的とする土地の賃借人は、不可抗力によって賃料より少ない収益を得たときは、その収益の額に至るまで、賃料の減額を請求することができる。 art-609/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-609/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-609/par-1 If a lessee of land that is meant for cultivation or livestock farming obtains profits less than the rent due to force majeure, the lessee may demand that the amount of the rent be reduced to the level of the amount of the profits. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十条（減収による解除） — (Cancellation Due to Decrease in Profits) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-610 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-610 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-610 **第一項** 前条の場合において、同条の賃借人は、不可抗力によって引き続き二年以上賃料より少ない収益を得たときは、契約の解除をすることができる。 art-610/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-610/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-610/par-1 In the cases referred to in the preceding Article, the lessee referred to in that Article may cancel the contract if the lessee has made profits less than the rent for at least two consecutive years due to force majeure. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十一条（賃借物の一部滅失等による賃料の減額等） — (Reduction of Rent Due to Partial Loss of a Leased Thing) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-611 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-611 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-611 **第一項** 賃借物の一部が滅失その他の事由により使用及び収益をすることができなくなった場合において、それが賃借人の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、賃料は、その使用及び収益をすることができなくなった部分の割合に応じて、減額される。 art-611/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-611/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-611/par-1 If it comes to no longer be possible to use or profit from part of a leased thing due to grounds such as loss and this is caused by grounds not attributable to the lessee, the rent is reduced in proportion to the value of the part that can no longer be used or profited from. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 賃借物の一部が滅失その他の事由により使用及び収益をすることができなくなった場合において、残存する部分のみでは賃借人が賃借をした目的を達することができないときは、賃借人は、契約の解除をすることができる。 art-611/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-611/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-611/par-2 If it comes to no longer be possible to use or profit from part of a leased thing due to grounds such as loss and the lessee is unable to achieve the purpose of the lease with the remaining part alone, the lessee may cancel the contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十二条（賃借権の譲渡及び転貸の制限） — (Restrictions on Assignment of Lease and Subleasing) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-612 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-612 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612 **第一項** 賃借人は、賃貸人の承諾を得なければ、その賃借権を譲り渡し、又は賃借物を転貸することができない。 art-612/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-612/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612/par-1 A lessee may not assign the lease or sublease a leased thing without obtaining the approval of the lessor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 賃借人が前項の規定に違反して第三者に賃借物の使用又は収益をさせたときは、賃貸人は、契約の解除をすることができる。 art-612/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-612/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612/par-2 If the lessee allows any third party to make use of or take the profits of a leased thing in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the lessor may cancel the contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十三条（転貸の効果） — (Effect of Subleases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-613 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-613 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613 **第一項** 賃借人が適法に賃借物を転貸したときは、転借人は、賃貸人と賃借人との間の賃貸借に基づく賃借人の債務の範囲を限度として、賃貸人に対して転貸借に基づく債務を直接履行する義務を負う。この場合においては、賃料の前払をもって賃貸人に対抗することができない。 art-613/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-613/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-1 If a lessee lawfully subleases a leased thing, the sublessee is liable to perform an obligation based on the sublease directly to the lessor, to the extent of the scope of the lessee's obligation based on the lease between the lessor and the lessee. In such a case, advance payment of rent may not be duly asserted against the lessor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、賃貸人が賃借人に対してその権利を行使することを妨げない。 art-613/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-613/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude the lessor from exercising rights against the lessee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 賃借人が適法に賃借物を転貸した場合には、賃貸人は、賃借人との間の賃貸借を合意により解除したことをもって転借人に対抗することができない。ただし、その解除の当時、賃貸人が賃借人の債務不履行による解除権を有していたときは、この限りでない。 art-613/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-613/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-3 If the lessee lawfully subleases a leased thing, the lessor may not duly assert against the sublessee the cancellation by agreement of the lease with the lessee; provided, however, that this does not apply if, at the time of the cancellation, the lessor has a right to cancel due to non-performance on the part of the lessee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十四条（賃料の支払時期） — (Timing of Payment of Rent) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-614 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-614 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-614 **第一項** 賃料は、動産、建物及び宅地については毎月末に、その他の土地については毎年末に、支払わなければならない。ただし、収穫の季節があるものについては、その季節の後に遅滞なく支払わなければならない。 art-614/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-614/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-614/par-1 Rent must be paid at the end of the month with respect to movables, buildings and land for residential purpose, and at the end of the year with respect to other land; provided, however, that with respect to anything with a harvest season, the rent must be paid without delay after that season. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十五条（賃借人の通知義務） — (Obligation of Lessee to Give Notice) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-615 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-615 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-615 **第一項** 賃借物が修繕を要し、又は賃借物について権利を主張する者があるときは、賃借人は、遅滞なくその旨を賃貸人に通知しなければならない。ただし、賃貸人が既にこれを知っているときは、この限りでない。 art-615/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-615/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-615/par-1 If a leased thing requires any repair or if a person asserts a right with respect to a leased thing, the lessee must notify the lessor without delay; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is already known to the lessor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十六条（賃借人による使用及び収益） — (Use and Making of Profit by Lessee) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-616 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-616 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616 **第一項** 第五百九十四条第一項の規定は、賃貸借について準用する。 art-616/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-616/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616/par-1 The provisions of Article 594, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to leases. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第三款　賃貸借の終了 — Subsection 3 Termination of Leases heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-3 ### 第六百十六条の二（賃借物の全部滅失等による賃貸借の終了） — (Termination of Lease Due to Loss of the Whole of a Leased Thing) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-616-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-616-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616-2 **第一項** 賃借物の全部が滅失その他の事由により使用及び収益をすることができなくなった場合には、賃貸借は、これによって終了する。 art-616-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-616-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-616-2/par-1 If it comes to no longer be possible to use or profit from the whole of a leased thing due to grounds such as loss, the lease is terminated thereby. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十七条（期間の定めのない賃貸借の解約の申入れ） — (Notice of Termination of Leases with Indefinite Terms) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-617 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617 **第一項** 当事者が賃貸借の期間を定めなかったときは、各当事者は、いつでも解約の申入れをすることができる。この場合においては、次の各号に掲げる賃貸借は、解約の申入れの日からそれぞれ当該各号に定める期間を経過することによって終了する。 art-617/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1 If the parties do not specify the term of a lease, either party may give a notice of termination at any time. In these cases, a lease as stated in one of the following items terminates when the term prescribed in that item has passed after the day of the notice of termination: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 土地の賃貸借　一年 art-617/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1/item-1 leases of land:one year; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 建物の賃貸借　三箇月 art-617/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1/item-2 leases of buildings:three months; and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 動産及び貸席の賃貸借　一日 art-617/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-1/item-3 leases of movables and party rooms:one day. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 収穫の季節がある土地の賃貸借については、その季節の後次の耕作に着手する前に、解約の申入れをしなければならない。 art-617/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617/par-2 With respect to leases of land with harvest seasons, the notice of termination must be given after the end of that season and before the next start of cultivation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十八条（期間の定めのある賃貸借の解約をする権利の留保） — (Reservation of Rights to Terminate Leases with Definite Terms) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-618 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-618 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-618 **第一項** 当事者が賃貸借の期間を定めた場合であっても、その一方又は双方がその期間内に解約をする権利を留保したときは、前条の規定を準用する。 art-618/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-618/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-618/par-1 Even if the parties specify the term of a lease, the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if one party reserves, or both parties reserve, the right to terminate during that period. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百十九条（賃貸借の更新の推定等） — (Presumption of Renewal of Leases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-619 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-619 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-619 **第一項** 賃貸借の期間が満了した後賃借人が賃借物の使用又は収益を継続する場合において、賃貸人がこれを知りながら異議を述べないときは、従前の賃貸借と同一の条件で更に賃貸借をしたものと推定する。この場合において、各当事者は、第六百十七条の規定により解約の申入れをすることができる。 art-619/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-619/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-619/par-1 If a lessee continues to make use or take the profits of the thing after the expiration of the term of the lease and a lessor that knows of the same raises no objection, it is presumed that a further lease is entered into under conditions identical to those of the previous lease. In these cases, each party may give a notice of termination pursuant to the provisions of Article 617. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 従前の賃貸借について当事者が担保を供していたときは、その担保は、期間の満了によって消滅する。ただし、第六百二十二条の二第一項に規定する敷金については、この限りでない。 art-619/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-619/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-619/par-2 If one of the parties has provided security for the previous lease, the security is extinguished upon expiration of the term; provided, however, that this does not apply to a security deposit prescribed in Article 622-2, paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百二十条（賃貸借の解除の効力） — (Effect of Cancellations of Leases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-620 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-620 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-620 **第一項** 賃貸借の解除をした場合には、その解除は、将来に向かってのみその効力を生ずる。この場合においては、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。 art-620/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-620/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-620/par-1 If a lease is cancelled, the cancellation becomes effective solely toward the future. In such a case, the cancellation does not preclude a claim for compensation for damage. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百二十一条（賃借人の原状回復義務） — (Lessee's Obligation of Restoration) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-621 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-621 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-621 **第一項** 賃借人は、賃借物を受け取った後にこれに生じた損傷（通常の使用及び収益によって生じた賃借物の損耗並びに賃借物の経年変化を除く。以下この条において同じ。）がある場合において、賃貸借が終了したときは、その損傷を原状に復する義務を負う。ただし、その損傷が賃借人の責めに帰することができない事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。 art-621/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-621/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-621/par-1 If any damage is caused to the leased thing after the lessee receives it (excluding any wear of the leased thing caused by the ordinary manner of using and making profit from it and any aging degradation of the leased thing; the same applies in this Article below), the lessee has an obligation to restore the damaged thing when the lease is terminated; provided, however, that this does not apply if the damage is caused due to any grounds not attributable to the lessee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百二十二条（使用貸借の規定の準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Loan for Use) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-622 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622 **第一項** 第五百九十七条第一項、第五百九十九条第一項及び第二項並びに第六百条の規定は、賃貸借について準用する。 art-622/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622/par-1 The provisions of Article 597, paragraph (1), Article 599, paragraphs (1) and (2), and Article 600 apply mutatis mutandis to leases. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第四款　敷金 — Subsection 4 Security Deposit heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-7/subsec-4 ### 第六百二十二条の二 art-622-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2 **第一項** 賃貸人は、敷金（いかなる名目によるかを問わず、賃料債務その他の賃貸借に基づいて生ずる賃借人の賃貸人に対する金銭の給付を目的とする債務を担保する目的で、賃借人が賃貸人に交付する金銭をいう。以下この条において同じ。）を受け取っている場合において、次に掲げるときは、賃借人に対し、その受け取った敷金の額から賃貸借に基づいて生じた賃借人の賃貸人に対する金銭の給付を目的とする債務の額を控除した残額を返還しなければならない。 art-622-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1 If a lessor receives a security deposit (meaning money to be delivered by the lessee to the lessor under any name, for the purpose of securing an obligation to pay money that is owed by the lessee to the lessor based on a lease, such as an obligation to pay rent; the same applies in this Article below), the lessor must return to the lessee the amount that remains after deducting the amount of the obligation to pay money that is owed by the lessee to the lessor based on the lease, from the amount of security deposit received, in the following cases: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 賃貸借が終了し、かつ、賃貸物の返還を受けたとき。 art-622-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1/item-1 if the lease is terminated, and the lessor receives the return of the leased thing; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 賃借人が適法に賃借権を譲り渡したとき。 art-622-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1/item-2 if the lessee assigns the lease lawfully. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 賃貸人は、賃借人が賃貸借に基づいて生じた金銭の給付を目的とする債務を履行しないときは、敷金をその債務の弁済に充てることができる。この場合において、賃借人は、賃貸人に対し、敷金をその債務の弁済に充てることを請求することができない。 art-622-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-2 If the lessee fails to perform an obligation to pay money based on the lease, the lessor may appropriate the security deposit to the payment of the obligation. In such a case, the lessee may not demand that the lessor appropriate the security deposit to the payment of the obligation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-602/par-1/item-2: 前号 → 民法 第六百二条第一項第一号 (Article 602, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-602/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602/par-1/item-1 - art-603/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第六百二条 (Article 602), art-602 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-602 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-602 - art-605-2/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第六百五条 (Article 605), art-605 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605 - art-605-2/par-1: 借地借家法（平成三年法律第九十号）第十条 → 借地借家法 第十条 (Article 10), art-10 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/land-and-building-leases-act/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/403AC0000000090/art-10 - art-605-2/par-1: 第三十一条 → 借地借家法 第三十一条 (Article 31), art-31 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/land-and-building-leases-act/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/403AC0000000090/art-31 - art-605-2/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第一項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (1)), art-605-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-1 - art-605-2/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第一項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (1)), art-605-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-1 - art-605-2/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第二項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (2)), art-605-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-2 - art-605-2/par-4: 第一項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第一項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (1)), art-605-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-1 - art-605-2/par-4: 第二項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第二項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (2)), art-605-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-2 - art-605-2/par-4: 第六百八条 → 民法 第六百八条 (Article 608), art-608 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-608 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-608 - art-605-2/par-4: 第六百二十二条の二第一項 → 民法 第六百二十二条の二第一項 (Article 622-2, paragraph (1)), art-622-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1 - art-605-3/par-1: 前条第三項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第三項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (3)), art-605-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-3 - art-605-3/par-1: 第四項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第四項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (4)), art-605-2/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-4 - art-605-4/par-1: 第六百五条の二第一項 → 民法 第六百五条の二第一項 (Article 605-2, paragraph (1)), art-605-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-605-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-605-2/par-1 - art-608/par-2: 第百九十六条第二項 → 民法 第百九十六条第二項 (Article 196, paragraph (2)), art-196/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-196/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196/par-2 - art-610/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第六百九条 (Article 609), art-609 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-609 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-609 - art-612/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第六百十二条第一項 (Article 612, paragraph (1)), art-612/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-612/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-612/par-1 - art-613/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第六百十三条第一項 (Article 613, paragraph (1)), art-613/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-613/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-613/par-1 - art-616/par-1: 第五百九十四条第一項 → 民法 第五百九十四条第一項 (Article 594, paragraph (1)), art-594/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-594/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-594/par-1 - art-618/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第六百十七条 (Article 617), art-617 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617 - art-619/par-1: 第六百十七条 → 民法 第六百十七条 (Article 617), art-617 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-617 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-617 - art-619/par-2: 第六百二十二条の二第一項 → 民法 第六百二十二条の二第一項 (Article 622-2, paragraph (1)), art-622-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2/par-1 - art-621/par-1: この条 → 民法 第六百二十一条 (Article 621), art-621 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-621 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-621 - art-622/par-1: 第五百九十七条第一項 → 民法 第五百九十七条第一項 (Article 597, paragraph (1)), art-597/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-597/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-597/par-1 - art-622/par-1: 第五百九十九条第一項 → 民法 第五百九十九条第一項 (Article 599, paragraph (1)), art-599/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-599/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-599/par-1 - art-622/par-1: 第二項 → 民法 第五百九十九条第二項 (Article 599, paragraph (2)), art-599/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-599/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-599/par-2 - art-622/par-1: 第六百条 → 民法 第六百条 (Article 600), art-600 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-600 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-600 - art-622-2/par-1: この条 → 民法 第六百二十二条の二 (Article 622-2), art-622-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-622-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-622-2 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11