# 民法 / Civil Code — 第十節 (Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 10) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第十節 (Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 10) — address `pt-3/ch-2/sec-10` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第十節　委任 — Section 10 Mandates heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-10 ### 第六百四十三条（委任） — (Mandates) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-643 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-643 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-643 **第一項** 委任は、当事者の一方が法律行為をすることを相手方に委託し、相手方がこれを承諾することによって、その効力を生ずる。 art-643/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-643/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-643/par-1 A mandate becomes effective when a first party asks a second party with performing a juridical act, and the second party accepts this. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十四条（受任者の注意義務） — (Duty of Care of Mandatary) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-644 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-644 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644 **第一項** 受任者は、委任の本旨に従い、善良な管理者の注意をもって、委任事務を処理する義務を負う。 art-644/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-644/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644/par-1 A mandatary bears a duty to administer the mandated business with the due care of a prudent manager in compliance with the main purpose of the mandate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十四条の二（復受任者の選任等） — (Appointment of Sub-Mandatary) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-644-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-644-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644-2 **第一項** 受任者は、委任者の許諾を得たとき、又はやむを得ない事由があるときでなければ、復受任者を選任することができない。 art-644-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-644-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644-2/par-1 A mandatary may not appoint a sub-mandatary unless the mandatary obtains the permission of the mandator or there is a compelling reason to do so. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 代理権を付与する委任において、受任者が代理権を有する復受任者を選任したときは、復受任者は、委任者に対して、その権限の範囲内において、受任者と同一の権利を有し、義務を負う。 art-644-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-644-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644-2/par-2 In the case of mandate upon which the mandator grants authority to represent to the mandatary, if the mandatary appoints a sub-mandatary with authority to represent, the sub-mandatary has the same rights and obligations as those of the mandatary in relation to the mandator within the scope of its authority. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十五条（受任者による報告） — (Reports by Mandatary) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-645 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-645 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-645 **第一項** 受任者は、委任者の請求があるときは、いつでも委任事務の処理の状況を報告し、委任が終了した後は、遅滞なくその経過及び結果を報告しなければならない。 art-645/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-645/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-645/par-1 If a mandatary is requested by the mandator, the mandatary must report the current status of the administration of the mandated business at any time, and must report the process and results without delay upon termination of the mandate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十六条（受任者による受取物の引渡し等） — (Delivery of Received Things by Mandatary) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-646 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-646 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646 **第一項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するに当たって受け取った金銭その他の物を委任者に引き渡さなければならない。その収取した果実についても、同様とする。 art-646/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-646/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646/par-1 A mandatary must deliver to the mandator monies and other things received during the course of administering the mandated business. The same applies to fruits the mandatary has reaped. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 受任者は、委任者のために自己の名で取得した権利を委任者に移転しなければならない。 art-646/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-646/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646/par-2 A mandatary must transfer to the mandator rights that the mandatary has acquired in the mandatary's own name on behalf of the mandator. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十七条（受任者の金銭の消費についての責任） — (Mandatary's Responsibility for Consumption of Monies) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-647 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-647 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-647 **第一項** 受任者は、委任者に引き渡すべき金額又はその利益のために用いるべき金額を自己のために消費したときは、その消費した日以後の利息を支払わなければならない。この場合において、なお損害があるときは、その賠償の責任を負う。 art-647/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-647/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-647/par-1 If the mandatary has personally consumed monies that were to be delivered to the mandator or used for the benefit of the mandator, the mandatary must pay interest for the period from the day of that consumption. In these cases, if loss or damage persists, the mandatary is liable to compensate for the same. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十八条（受任者の報酬） — (Remuneration for Mandatary) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-648 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648 **第一項** 受任者は、特約がなければ、委任者に対して報酬を請求することができない。 art-648/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-1 In the absence of any special agreements, the mandatary may not claim remuneration from the mandator. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 受任者は、報酬を受けるべき場合には、委任事務を履行した後でなければ、これを請求することができない。ただし、期間によって報酬を定めたときは、第六百二十四条第二項の規定を準用する。 art-648/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-2 If a mandatary is to receive remuneration, the mandatary may not claim this until after having performed the mandated business; provided, however, that if the remuneration is specified with reference to period, the provisions of Article 624, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 受任者は、次に掲げる場合には、既にした履行の割合に応じて報酬を請求することができる。 art-648/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3 In the following cases, the mandatary may demand remuneration in proportion to the performance already completed: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 委任者の責めに帰することができない事由によって委任事務の履行をすることができなくなったとき。 art-648/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3/item-1 if the mandatary is no longer able to perform the mandated business due to any grounds not attributable to the mandator; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 委任が履行の中途で終了したとき。 art-648/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3/item-2 if the mandate is terminated during the course of performance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十八条の二（成果等に対する報酬） — (Remuneration for Result) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-648-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2 **第一項** 委任事務の履行により得られる成果に対して報酬を支払うことを約した場合において、その成果が引渡しを要するときは、報酬は、その成果の引渡しと同時に、支払わなければならない。 art-648-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2/par-1 If the parties agree that remuneration will be paid for any result that may be obtained through the performance of the mandated business, and the result is required to be delivered, remuneration must be paid simultaneously upon the delivery of the result. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第六百三十四条の規定は、委任事務の履行により得られる成果に対して報酬を支払うことを約した場合について準用する。 art-648-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-648-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2/par-2 The provisions of Article 634 apply mutatis mutandis if the parties agree that remuneration will be paid for any result that may be obtained through the performance of the mandated business. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百四十九条（受任者による費用の前払請求） — (Mandatary's Claims for Advance for Costs) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-649 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-649 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-649 **第一項** 委任事務を処理するについて費用を要するときは、委任者は、受任者の請求により、その前払をしなければならない。 art-649/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-649/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-649/par-1 If costs will be incurred in administering the mandated business, the mandator must, at the request of the mandatary, pay an advance for those costs. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十条（受任者による費用等の償還請求等） — (Mandatary's Claims for Reimbursement of Expense) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-650 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-650 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650 **第一項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するのに必要と認められる費用を支出したときは、委任者に対し、その費用及び支出の日以後におけるその利息の償還を請求することができる。 art-650/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-650/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650/par-1 If the mandatary has expended costs found to be necessary for the administration of the mandated business, the mandatary may claim reimbursement of those costs from the mandator and any interest on the same from the day the costs were expended. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するのに必要と認められる債務を負担したときは、委任者に対し、自己に代わってその弁済をすることを請求することができる。この場合において、その債務が弁済期にないときは、委任者に対し、相当の担保を供させることができる。 art-650/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-650/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650/par-2 If the mandatary has borne any obligation found to be necessary for the administration of the mandated business, the mandatary may demand that the mandator perform the obligation on the mandatary's behalf. In these cases, if the obligation has not yet fallen due, the mandatary may require the mandator to tender reasonable security. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 受任者は、委任事務を処理するため自己に過失なく損害を受けたときは、委任者に対し、その賠償を請求することができる。 art-650/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-650/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650/par-3 If a mandatary incurs loss or damage that is not due to the negligence of the mandatary in order to administer the mandated business, the mandatary may claim that compensation from the mandator. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十一条（委任の解除） — (Cancellation of Mandate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-651 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-651 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651 **第一項** 委任は、各当事者がいつでもその解除をすることができる。 art-651/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-651/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-1 A mandate may be cancelled by either party at any time. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定により委任の解除をした者は、次に掲げる場合には、相手方の損害を賠償しなければならない。ただし、やむを得ない事由があったときは、この限りでない。 art-651/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-651/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-2 In the following cases, a party that has cancelled a mandate pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must compensate for damage suffered by the other party; provided, however, that this does not apply if there was a compelling reason for the cancellation: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 相手方に不利な時期に委任を解除したとき。 art-651/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-651/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-2/item-1 if the party cancels the mandate at a time that is detrimental to the other party; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 委任者が受任者の利益（専ら報酬を得ることによるものを除く。）をも目的とする委任を解除したとき。 art-651/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-651/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-2/item-2 if the mandator cancels the mandate for which the purpose includes the interests for the mandatary (excluding the profit to be obtained exclusively by receiving remuneration). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十二条（委任の解除の効力） — (Effect of Cancellation of Mandate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-652 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-652 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-652 **第一項** 第六百二十条の規定は、委任について準用する。 art-652/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-652/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-652/par-1 The provisions of Article 620 apply mutatis mutandis to mandates. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十三条（委任の終了事由） — (Grounds for Termination of Mandate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-653 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-653 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653 **第一項** 委任は、次に掲げる事由によって終了する。 art-653/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-653/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1 A mandate terminates when: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 委任者又は受任者の死亡 art-653/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-653/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1/item-1 the mandator or mandatary dies; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 委任者又は受任者が破産手続開始の決定を受けたこと。 art-653/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-653/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1/item-2 the mandator or mandatary is subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceeding; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 受任者が後見開始の審判を受けたこと。 art-653/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-653/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-653/par-1/item-3 the mandatary is subject to a decision for the commencement of guardianship. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十四条（委任の終了後の処分） — (Disposition after Termination of Mandate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-654 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-654 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-654 **第一項** 委任が終了した場合において、急迫の事情があるときは、受任者又はその相続人若しくは法定代理人は、委任者又はその相続人若しくは法定代理人が委任事務を処理することができるに至るまで、必要な処分をしなければならない。 art-654/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-654/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-654/par-1 If a mandate has terminated but there are pressing circumstances, their mandatary or heir or legal representative must effect the necessary actions until the time when the mandator or the heir or legal representative of the mandatary is able to take charge of the mandated business. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十五条（委任の終了の対抗要件） — (Requirements for Assertion of Termination of Mandate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-655 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-655 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-655 **第一項** 委任の終了事由は、これを相手方に通知したとき、又は相手方がこれを知っていたときでなければ、これをもってその相手方に対抗することができない。 art-655/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-655/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-655/par-1 The grounds of termination of mandate may not be asserted against the other party unless the other party was notified of or knew of the same. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百五十六条（準委任） — (De Facto Mandate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-656 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-656 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-656 **第一項** この節の規定は、法律行為でない事務の委託について準用する。 art-656/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-656/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-656/par-1 The provisions of this Section apply mutatis mutandis to entrustments of business that do not constitute juridical acts. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-648/par-2: 第六百二十四条第二項 → 民法 第六百二十四条第二項 (Article 624, paragraph (2)), art-624/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-624/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-624/par-2 - art-648-2/par-2: 第六百三十四条 → 民法 第六百三十四条 (Article 634), art-634 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-634 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-634 - art-651/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第六百五十一条第一項 (Article 651, paragraph (1)), art-651/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-651/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-651/par-1 - art-652/par-1: 第六百二十条 → 民法 第六百二十条 (Article 620), art-620 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-620 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-620 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11