# 民法 / Civil Code — 第一節 (Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 1) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第一節 (Part 3, Chapter 2, Section 1) — address `pt-3/ch-2/sec-1` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第一節　総則 — Section 1 General Provisions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1 ## 第一款　契約の成立 — Subsection 1 Formation of Contracts heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-1 ### 第五百二十一条（契約の締結及び内容の自由） — (Freedom of Conclusion and Terms of Contract) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-521 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-521 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-521 **第一項** 何人も、法令に特別の定めがある場合を除き、契約をするかどうかを自由に決定することができる。 art-521/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-521/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-521/par-1 Unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, any person may freely decide whether or not to conclude a contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 契約の当事者は、法令の制限内において、契約の内容を自由に決定することができる。 art-521/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-521/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-521/par-2 Parties to a contract may freely decide the contract terms, subject to the restrictions prescribed by laws and regulations. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十二条（契約の成立と方式） — (Formation and Formality of Contract) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-522 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-522 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-522 **第一項** 契約は、契約の内容を示してその締結を申し入れる意思表示（以下「申込み」という。）に対して相手方が承諾をしたときに成立する。 art-522/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-522/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-522/par-1 A contract is formed when a party manifests the intention to offer to conclude a contract (referred to as an "offer" below) showing the contract terms and the other party accepts the offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 契約の成立には、法令に特別の定めがある場合を除き、書面の作成その他の方式を具備することを要しない。 art-522/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-522/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-522/par-2 Unless otherwise provided for in laws and regulations, it is not required to satisfy any formalities such as preparation of a written document in order to form a contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十三条（承諾の期間の定めのある申込み） — (Offers That Specify Period for Acceptance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-523 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-523 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-523 **第一項** 承諾の期間を定めてした申込みは、撤回することができない。ただし、申込者が撤回をする権利を留保したときは、この限りでない。 art-523/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-523/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-523/par-1 An offer which specifies a period for acceptance may not be withdrawn; provided, however, that this does not apply if the offeror reserves the right to withdraw. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 申込者が前項の申込みに対して同項の期間内に承諾の通知を受けなかったときは、その申込みは、その効力を失う。 art-523/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-523/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-523/par-2 If an offeror does not receive notice of acceptance of the offer referred to in the preceding paragraph within the period referred to in that paragraph, the offer ceases to be effective. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十四条（遅延した承諾の効力） — (Effect of Delayed Acceptance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-524 **第一項** 申込者は、遅延した承諾を新たな申込みとみなすことができる。 art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-524/par-1 The offeror may deem a delayed acceptance to be a new offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十五条（承諾の期間の定めのない申込み） — (Offers That Do Not Specify Period for Acceptance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-525 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-525 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525 **第一項** 承諾の期間を定めないでした申込みは、申込者が承諾の通知を受けるのに相当な期間を経過するまでは、撤回することができない。ただし、申込者が撤回をする権利を留保したときは、この限りでない。 art-525/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-525/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525/par-1 An offer made without specifying a period for acceptance may not be withdrawn until the passage of a reasonable period of time for the offeror to receive a notice of acceptance; provided, however, that this does not apply if the offeror reserves the right to withdraw. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 対話者に対してした前項の申込みは、同項の規定にかかわらず、その対話が継続している間は、いつでも撤回することができる。 art-525/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-525/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525/par-2 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, an offer referred to in that paragraph which has been made to a person with whom the offeror is having a dialogue may be withdrawn at any time while the dialogue continues. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 対話者に対してした第一項の申込みに対して対話が継続している間に申込者が承諾の通知を受けなかったときは、その申込みは、その効力を失う。ただし、申込者が対話の終了後もその申込みが効力を失わない旨を表示したときは、この限りでない。 art-525/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-525/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-525/par-3 If an offeror does not receive from a person with whom the offeror is having a dialogue a notice of acceptance of the offer referred to in paragraph (1) while the dialogue continues, the offer ceases to be effective; provided, however, that this does not apply if the offeror manifests the intention to maintain the effect of the offer after the end of the dialogue. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十六条（申込者の死亡等） — (Death of Offeror) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-526 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-526 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-526 **第一項** 申込者が申込みの通知を発した後に死亡し、意思能力を有しない常況にある者となり、又は行為能力の制限を受けた場合において、申込者がその事実が生じたとすればその申込みは効力を有しない旨の意思を表示していたとき、又はその相手方が承諾の通知を発するまでにその事実が生じたことを知ったときは、その申込みは、その効力を有しない。 art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-526/par-1 If an offeror dies, comes to be in a constant state wherein the offeror lacks mental capacity, or becomes subject to restrictions on legal capacity to act after issuing notice of the offer, and the offeror has manifested the intention not to make the offer effective should any of these facts occur, or the other party comes to know that any of these facts has occurred before issuing a notice of acceptance, that offer is not effective. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十七条（承諾の通知を必要としない場合における契約の成立時期） — (Time of Formation of Contract When No Notice of Acceptance Is Required) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-527 **第一項** 申込者の意思表示又は取引上の慣習により承諾の通知を必要としない場合には、契約は、承諾の意思表示と認めるべき事実があった時に成立する。 art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-527/par-1 If no notice of acceptance is required due to the offeror's manifestation of intention or customs of the transaction, a contract is formed upon the occurrence of any fact which should be regarded as a manifestation of intention of acceptance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十八条（申込みに変更を加えた承諾） — (Acceptances Modifying Offers) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-528 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-528 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-528 **第一項** 承諾者が、申込みに条件を付し、その他変更を加えてこれを承諾したときは、その申込みの拒絶とともに新たな申込みをしたものとみなす。 art-528/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-528/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-528/par-1 If the offeree has accepted the offer by adding a condition or making other modifications, it is deemed that the offeree has refused the offer and made a new offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十九条（懸賞広告） — (Offers of Reward to the Public) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-529 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529 **第一項** ある行為をした者に一定の報酬を与える旨を広告した者（以下「懸賞広告者」という。）は、その行為をした者がその広告を知っていたかどうかにかかわらず、その者に対してその報酬を与える義務を負う。 art-529/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529/par-1 A person that makes an offer to the public indicating that a person that performs a certain act will be given a certain reward (referred to as an "offer of reward to the public" below) is obligated to give the reward to the person that performs the act, regardless of whether or not the person performing that act knows of the offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十九条の二（指定した行為をする期間の定めのある懸賞広告） — (Offers of Reward to the Public Made by Specifying Period for Performance of Requested Act) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-529-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-2 **第一項** 懸賞広告者は、その指定した行為をする期間を定めてした広告を撤回することができない。ただし、その広告において撤回をする権利を留保したときは、この限りでない。 art-529-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-2/par-1 An offeror of reward to the public may not withdraw the offer to the public made by specifying a period during which the requested act should be performed; provided, however, that this does not apply if, in the offer to the public, the offeror reserves the right to withdraw the offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の広告は、その期間内に指定した行為を完了する者がないときは、その効力を失う。 art-529-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-2/par-2 The offer to the public referred to in the preceding paragraph ceases to be effective if no person completes the requested act within that period. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十九条の三（指定した行為をする期間の定めのない懸賞広告） — (Offers of Reward to the Public Made Without Specifying Period for Performance of Requested Act) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-529-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-3 **第一項** 懸賞広告者は、その指定した行為を完了する者がない間は、その指定した行為をする期間を定めないでした広告を撤回することができる。ただし、その広告中に撤回をしない旨を表示したときは、この限りでない。 art-529-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-529-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-529-3/par-1 An offeror of reward to the public may withdraw the offer to the public made without specifying a period during which the requested act should be performed, if no person completes the requested act; provided, however, that this does not apply if, in the offer to the public, the offeror manifests the intention not to withdraw the offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十条（懸賞広告の撤回の方法） — (Method of Withdrawal of Offers of Reward to the Public) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-530 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-530 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-530 **第一項** 前の広告と同一の方法による広告の撤回は、これを知らない者に対しても、その効力を有する。 art-530/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-530/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-530/par-1 Withdrawal of an offer to the public by the same method as the one used to make a previous offer to the public is effective in relation to any person that does not know about it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 広告の撤回は、前の広告と異なる方法によっても、することができる。ただし、その撤回は、これを知った者に対してのみ、その効力を有する。 art-530/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-530/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-530/par-2 Withdrawal of an offer to the public may be carried out by a method that is different from the one used to make a previous offer to the public; provided, however, that the withdrawal is effective only in relation to persons who know about it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十一条（懸賞広告の報酬を受ける権利） — (Right to Receive Rewards Offered to the Public) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-531 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-531 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531 **第一項** 広告に定めた行為をした者が数人あるときは、最初にその行為をした者のみが報酬を受ける権利を有する。 art-531/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-531/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531/par-1 If more than one person has performed the act requested in an offer to the public, only the person performing the act first holds the right to receive the reward. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 数人が同時に前項の行為をした場合には、各自が等しい割合で報酬を受ける権利を有する。ただし、報酬がその性質上分割に適しないとき、又は広告において一人のみがこれを受けるものとしたときは、抽選でこれを受ける者を定める。 art-531/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-531/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531/par-2 If two or more persons have performed the act referred to in the preceding paragraph simultaneously, each holds the right to receive an equal share of the reward; provided, however, that the person to receive the reward is selected by lot if the reward is indivisible by nature or if the offer prescribes that only one person will receive the reward. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項の規定は、広告中にこれと異なる意思を表示したときは、適用しない。 art-531/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-531/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-531/par-3 The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the offeror manifests an intention to the contrary in the offer to the public. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十二条（優等懸賞広告） — (Offer of Reward to Most Outstanding Applicant of the Public) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-532 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-532 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532 **第一項** 広告に定めた行為をした者が数人ある場合において、その優等者のみに報酬を与えるべきときは、その広告は、応募の期間を定めたときに限り、その効力を有する。 art-532/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-532/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-1 If an offer to the public stipulates that only the most outstanding applicant is to receive the reward in the event that two or more persons have performed the act requested in that offer, the offer to the public is effective only if it specifies an application period. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合において、応募者中いずれの者の行為が優等であるかは、広告中に定めた者が判定し、広告中に判定をする者を定めなかったときは懸賞広告者が判定する。 art-532/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-532/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-2 In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, the most outstanding applicant is judged by a person specified in the offer to the public and if no such person is specified in the offer, by the person that makes that offer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 応募者は、前項の判定に対して異議を述べることができない。 art-532/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-532/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-3 Applicants may not raise objection to the judge's decision under the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 前条第二項の規定は、数人の行為が同等と判定された場合について準用する。 art-532/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-532/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-532/par-4 The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if the acts of two or more persons are judged to be of the same level. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第二款　契約の効力 — Subsection 2 Effect of Contracts heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-2 ### 第五百三十三条（同時履行の抗弁） — (Defense of Simultaneous Performance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-533 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-533 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-533 **第一項** 双務契約の当事者の一方は、相手方がその債務の履行（債務の履行に代わる損害賠償の債務の履行を含む。）を提供するまでは、自己の債務の履行を拒むことができる。ただし、相手方の債務が弁済期にないときは、この限りでない。 art-533/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-533/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-533/par-1 A party to a bilateral contract may refuse to perform that party's own obligation until the other party tenders the performance of that other party's obligation (including the performance of an obligation to compensate for damage in lieu of the performance of an obligation); provided, however, that this does not apply if the obligation of the other party is not yet due. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十四条から第五百三十五条まで 〔削除 / repealed〕 art-534-to-535 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-534-to-535 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-534-to-535 **第一項** 削除 art-534-to-535/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-534-to-535/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-534-to-535/par-1 ### 第五百三十六条（債務者の危険負担等） — (Obligors' Bearing of Risk) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-536 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-536 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-536 **第一項** 当事者双方の責めに帰することができない事由によって債務を履行することができなくなったときは、債権者は、反対給付の履行を拒むことができる。 art-536/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-536/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-536/par-1 If the performance of an obligation becomes impossible due to grounds not attributable to either party, the obligee may refuse to perform counter-performance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 債権者の責めに帰すべき事由によって債務を履行することができなくなったときは、債権者は、反対給付の履行を拒むことができない。この場合において、債務者は、自己の債務を免れたことによって利益を得たときは、これを債権者に償還しなければならない。 art-536/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-536/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-536/par-2 If the performance of an obligation becomes impossible due to grounds attributable to the obligee, the obligee may not refuse to complete counter-performance. In such a case, if the obligor benefits from being released from that obligation, the obligor must reimburse the obligee for the benefit. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十七条（第三者のためにする契約） — (Third Party Beneficiary Contract) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-537 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-537 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537 **第一項** 契約により当事者の一方が第三者に対してある給付をすることを約したときは、その第三者は、債務者に対して直接にその給付を請求する権利を有する。 art-537/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-537/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537/par-1 If one of the parties promises in a contract to render a certain performance to a third party, the third party has the right to claim that performance directly from the obligor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の契約は、その成立の時に第三者が現に存しない場合又は第三者が特定していない場合であっても、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。 art-537/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-537/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537/par-2 The validity of the contract referred to in the preceding paragraph is not impaired even if a third party does not exist or a third party is not specified at the time of its formation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項の場合において、第三者の権利は、その第三者が債務者に対して同項の契約の利益を享受する意思を表示した時に発生する。 art-537/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-537/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-537/par-3 In the case referred to in paragraph (1), rights of the third party accrue when the third party has manifested intention of availing of the benefit of the contract under that paragraph to the obligor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十八条（第三者の権利の確定） — (Determination of Rights of the Third Party) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-538 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-538 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-538 **第一項** 前条の規定により第三者の権利が発生した後は、当事者は、これを変更し、又は消滅させることができない。 art-538/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-538/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-538/par-1 After rights of the third party have accrued pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the parties may not modify or extinguish those rights. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前条の規定により第三者の権利が発生した後に、債務者がその第三者に対する債務を履行しない場合には、同条第一項の契約の相手方は、その第三者の承諾を得なければ、契約を解除することができない。 art-538/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-538/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-538/par-2 If, after rights of the third party accrue pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the obligor does not perform the obligation to the third party, the other party to the contract referred to in paragraph (1) of that Article may not cancel the contract without the consent of the third party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百三十九条（債務者の抗弁） — (Obligors' Defense) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-539 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-539 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539 **第一項** 債務者は、第五百三十七条第一項の契約に基づく抗弁をもって、その契約の利益を受ける第三者に対抗することができる。 art-539/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-539/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539/par-1 The obligor may duly assert a defense based on the contract referred to in Article 537, paragraph (1) against a third party that benefits from the contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第三款　契約上の地位の移転 — Subsection 3 Transfer of Contractual Status heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-3 ### 第五百三十九条の二 art-539-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-539-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539-2 **第一項** 契約の当事者の一方が第三者との間で契約上の地位を譲渡する旨の合意をした場合において、その契約の相手方がその譲渡を承諾したときは、契約上の地位は、その第三者に移転する。 art-539-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-539-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-539-2/par-1 If one of the parties to a contract made an agreement with a third party to transfer that party's contractual status to that third party, and the other party to the contract gives consent to the transfer, the contractual status is transferred to the third party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第四款　契約の解除 — Subsection 4 Cancellation of Contracts heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-4 ### 第五百四十条（解除権の行使） — (Exercise of Right to Cancel) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-540 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-540 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-540 **第一項** 契約又は法律の規定により当事者の一方が解除権を有するときは、その解除は、相手方に対する意思表示によってする。 art-540/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-540/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-540/par-1 If one of the parties has the right to cancel pursuant to the provisions of the contract or the law, the cancellation is effected by manifestation of intention to the other party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の意思表示は、撤回することができない。 art-540/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-540/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-540/par-2 The manifestation of intention referred to in the preceding paragraph may not be withdrawn. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十一条（催告による解除） — (Cancellation After Demand) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-541 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-541 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-541 **第一項** 当事者の一方がその債務を履行しない場合において、相手方が相当の期間を定めてその履行の催告をし、その期間内に履行がないときは、相手方は、契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、その期間を経過した時における債務の不履行がその契約及び取引上の社会通念に照らして軽微であるときは、この限りでない。 art-541/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-541/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-541/par-1 If one of the parties does not perform that party's obligation, and the other party demands performance of that obligation, specifying a reasonable period of time, but no performance is completed during that period, the other party may cancel the contract; provided, however, that this does not apply if the non-performance of the obligations upon the passage of the period is minor in light of the contract and common sense trading practices. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十二条（催告によらない解除） — (Cancellation Without Demand) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-542 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542 **第一項** 次に掲げる場合には、債権者は、前条の催告をすることなく、直ちに契約の解除をすることができる。 art-542/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1 In the following cases, the obligee may immediately cancel the contract without making the demand referred to in the preceding Article: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 債務の全部の履行が不能であるとき。 art-542/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-1 if the performance of the whole of the obligation is impossible; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 債務者がその債務の全部の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示したとき。 art-542/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-2 if the obligor unequivocally manifests the intention to refuse to perform the obligation in whole; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 債務の一部の履行が不能である場合又は債務者がその債務の一部の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示した場合において、残存する部分のみでは契約をした目的を達することができないとき。 art-542/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-3 if the performance of part of the obligation is impossible, or if the obligor clearly manifests the intention to refuse to perform part of the obligation and the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved by the performance of the remaining part of the obligation; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 契約の性質又は当事者の意思表示により、特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができない場合において、債務者が履行をしないでその時期を経過したとき。 art-542/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-4 if, due to the nature of the contract or a manifestation of intention by the parties, the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved unless the obligation is performed at a specific time on a specific date or within a certain period of time, and the obligor fails to perform the obligation at that time or before that period of time expires; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 前各号に掲げる場合のほか、債務者がその債務の履行をせず、債権者が前条の催告をしても契約をした目的を達するのに足りる履行がされる見込みがないことが明らかであるとき。 art-542/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-1/item-5 beyond the cases stated in the preceding items, if the obligor does not perform the obligation and it is obvious that the obligor is unlikely to perform the obligation to the extent necessary to achieve the purpose of the contract even if the obligee makes the demand referred to in the preceding Article. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 次に掲げる場合には、債権者は、前条の催告をすることなく、直ちに契約の一部の解除をすることができる。 art-542/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-2 In the following cases, the obligee may immediately cancel a part of the contract without making the demand referred to in the preceding Article: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 債務の一部の履行が不能であるとき。 art-542/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-2/item-1 the performance of the part of the obligation is impossible; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 債務者がその債務の一部の履行を拒絶する意思を明確に表示したとき。 art-542/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-542/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-542/par-2/item-2 the obligor clearly manifests the intention to refuse to perform the part of the obligation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十三条（債権者の責めに帰すべき事由による場合） — (Non-Performance Due to Grounds Attributable to Obligee) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-543 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-543 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-543 **第一項** 債務の不履行が債権者の責めに帰すべき事由によるものであるときは、債権者は、前二条の規定による契約の解除をすることができない。 art-543/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-543/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-543/par-1 If non-performance of an obligation is due to grounds attributable to the obligee, the obligee may not cancel the contract under the preceding two Articles. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十四条（解除権の不可分性） — (Indivisible Nature of Right to Cancel) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-544 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-544 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-544 **第一項** 当事者の一方が数人ある場合には、契約の解除は、その全員から又はその全員に対してのみ、することができる。 art-544/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-544/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-544/par-1 If one party to a contract is comprised of two or more persons, the cancellation of the contract may be effected only by, or against, all of those persons. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合において、解除権が当事者のうちの一人について消滅したときは、他の者についても消滅する。 art-544/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-544/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-544/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the right to cancel is extinguished with respect to one of the persons that constitute a party to the contract, it is also extinguished with respect to the other persons. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十五条（解除の効果） — (Effect of Cancellation) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-545 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-545 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545 **第一項** 当事者の一方がその解除権を行使したときは、各当事者は、その相手方を原状に復させる義務を負う。ただし、第三者の権利を害することはできない。 art-545/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-545/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-1 If one of the parties exercises the right to cancel, each party assumes an obligation to restore the other party to that other party's original state; provided, however, that this may not prejudice the rights of a third party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項本文の場合において、金銭を返還するときは、その受領の時から利息を付さなければならない。 art-545/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-545/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-2 In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if any monies are to be refunded, interest must accrue from the time of the receipt of those monies. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項本文の場合において、金銭以外の物を返還するときは、その受領の時以後に生じた果実をも返還しなければならない。 art-545/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-545/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-3 In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), if a thing other than money is to be returned, fruits that have accrued on or after the time of the receipt of the thing must also be returned. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 解除権の行使は、損害賠償の請求を妨げない。 art-545/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-545/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-545/par-4 The exercise of the right to cancel does not preclude claims for damages. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十六条（契約の解除と同時履行） — (Cancellation of Contract and Simultaneous Performance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-546 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-546 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-546 **第一項** 第五百三十三条の規定は、前条の場合について準用する。 art-546/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-546/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-546/par-1 The provisions of Article 533 apply mutatis mutandis to the preceding Article. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十七条（催告による解除権の消滅） — (Extinguishment of Right to Cancel by Demand) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-547 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-547 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-547 **第一項** 解除権の行使について期間の定めがないときは、相手方は、解除権を有する者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に解除をするかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その期間内に解除の通知を受けないときは、解除権は、消滅する。 art-547/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-547/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-547/par-1 If no period of time is specified for the exercise of the right to cancel, the other party may issue a notice of demand to the holder of the right to cancel, specifying a reasonable period of time, to the effect that the holder of the right to cancel is to give a definite answer as to whether the holder will cancel or not within that period of time. In this case, if no notice of cancellation is received within that period, the right to cancel is extinguished. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十八条（解除権者の故意による目的物の損傷等による解除権の消滅） — (Extinguishment of Right to Cancel by Damage Caused to Object Intentionally by Holder of Right to Cancel) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-548 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548 **第一項** 解除権を有する者が故意若しくは過失によって契約の目的物を著しく損傷し、若しくは返還することができなくなったとき、又は加工若しくは改造によってこれを他の種類の物に変えたときは、解除権は、消滅する。ただし、解除権を有する者がその解除権を有することを知らなかったときは、この限りでない。 art-548/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548/par-1 The right to cancel is extinguished if the holder of the right to cancel, intentionally or negligently, causes significant damage to, or makes it impossible to return the object of the contract, or converts the object into another kind of thing by processing or alteration; provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder of the right to cancel does not know of the holder's right to cancel. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第五款　定型約款 — Subsection 5 Standard Terms and Conditions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-3/ch-2/sec-1/subsec-5 ### 第五百四十八条の二（定型約款の合意） — (Agreement on Standard Terms and Conditions) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-548-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2 **第一項** 定型取引（ある特定の者が不特定多数の者を相手方として行う取引であって、その内容の全部又は一部が画一的であることがその双方にとって合理的なものをいう。以下同じ。）を行うことの合意（次条において「定型取引合意」という。）をした者は、次に掲げる場合には、定型約款（定型取引において、契約の内容とすることを目的としてその特定の者により準備された条項の総体をいう。以下同じ。）の個別の条項についても合意をしたものとみなす。 art-548-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-1 In the following cases, a person making an agreement to conduct a standard transaction (meaning a transaction conducted by a specified person with an unspecified and large number of persons as the counterparties, in which the uniformity of the whole or part of the transaction is reasonable to both parties; the same applies below) (that agreement is referred to as an "agreement on standard transaction" in the following Article) is deemed to have made an agreement on each provisions of the standard terms and conditions(referring to a collection of provisions prepared by that specific person with the purpose of applying them as contract terms for a standard transaction; the same applies below): Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 定型約款を契約の内容とする旨の合意をしたとき。 art-548-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-2/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-1/item-1 if the person agrees to apply the standard terms and conditions as the contract terms; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 定型約款を準備した者（以下「定型約款準備者」という。）があらかじめその定型約款を契約の内容とする旨を相手方に表示していたとき。 art-548-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-2/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-1/item-2 if the person that has prepared the standard terms and conditions (referred to as the "preparer of the standard terms and conditions" below) manifests to the counterparty the intention to apply the standard terms and conditions as the contract terms in advance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、同項の条項のうち、相手方の権利を制限し、又は相手方の義務を加重する条項であって、その定型取引の態様及びその実情並びに取引上の社会通念に照らして第一条第二項に規定する基本原則に反して相手方の利益を一方的に害すると認められるものについては、合意をしなかったものとみなす。 art-548-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-2/par-2 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the person is deemed not to have agreed to any provisions referred to in that paragraph that restrict the rights or expand the duties of the counterparty and that are found, in light of the manner and circumstances of the standard transaction as well as common sense trading practices, to unilaterally prejudice the interests of the counterparty in violation of the fundamental principle prescribed in Article 1, paragraph (2). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十八条の三（定型約款の内容の表示） — (Disclosure of Details of Standard Terms and Conditions) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-548-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-3 **第一項** 定型取引を行い、又は行おうとする定型約款準備者は、定型取引合意の前又は定型取引合意の後相当の期間内に相手方から請求があった場合には、遅滞なく、相当な方法でその定型約款の内容を示さなければならない。ただし、定型約款準備者が既に相手方に対して定型約款を記載した書面を交付し、又はこれを記録した電磁的記録を提供していたときは、この限りでない。 art-548-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-3/par-1 A preparer of the standard terms and conditions that conducts or seeks to conduct a standard transaction must disclose the details of the standard terms and conditions by a reasonable method without delay if the counterparty requests this within a reasonable period of time before or after an agreement on standard transaction is made; provided, however, that this does not apply if the preparer has already delivered to the counterparty a document that contains the standard terms and conditions or provided the other party with an electronic or magnetic record that contains the same. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 定型約款準備者が定型取引合意の前において前項の請求を拒んだときは、前条の規定は、適用しない。ただし、一時的な通信障害が発生した場合その他正当な事由がある場合は、この限りでない。 art-548-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-3/par-2 The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply if the preparer of the standard terms and conditions refuses the request referred to in the preceding paragraph before an agreement on standard transaction is made; provided, however, that this does not apply if a temporary communication failure takes place or the preparer has a legitimate reason to refuse it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百四十八条の四（定型約款の変更） — (Amendment to Standard Terms and Conditions) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-548-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4 **第一項** 定型約款準備者は、次に掲げる場合には、定型約款の変更をすることにより、変更後の定型約款の条項について合意があったものとみなし、個別に相手方と合意をすることなく契約の内容を変更することができる。 art-548-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-1 In the following cases, a preparer of the standard terms and conditions may, by amending the standard terms and conditions, amend the contract terms without making separate agreements with each of the counterparties and deem that the parties have agreed to the amended provisions of the standard terms and conditions: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 定型約款の変更が、相手方の一般の利益に適合するとき。 art-548-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-1/item-1 if the amendment to the standard terms and conditions conforms to the general interest of the counterparties; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 定型約款の変更が、契約をした目的に反せず、かつ、変更の必要性、変更後の内容の相当性、この条の規定により定型約款の変更をすることがある旨の定めの有無及びその内容その他の変更に係る事情に照らして合理的なものであるとき。 art-548-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-1/item-2 if the amendment to the standard terms and conditions does not run afoul of the purpose of the contract, and it is reasonable in light of the circumstances concerning the amendment such as the necessity of the amendment, the appropriateness of the details of the amended conditions, and the details of the contract provisions and whether it is specified in the contract that the standard terms and conditions may be subject to an amendment pursuant to the provisions of this Article. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 定型約款準備者は、前項の規定による定型約款の変更をするときは、その効力発生時期を定め、かつ、定型約款を変更する旨及び変更後の定型約款の内容並びにその効力発生時期をインターネットの利用その他の適切な方法により周知しなければならない。 art-548-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-2 If a preparer of the standard terms and conditions is to amend the standard terms and conditions under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the preparer must specify the time when the amendment takes effect, and make amendments to the standard terms and conditions, the details of the amended standard terms and conditions, and the time when the amendment takes place known to the public by an appropriate method such as using the internet. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項第二号の規定による定型約款の変更は、前項の効力発生時期が到来するまでに同項の規定による周知をしなければ、その効力を生じない。 art-548-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-3 An amendment to the standard terms and conditions under the provisions of paragraph (1), item (ii) does not become effective unless it is made known to the public pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph by the time when the amendment takes effect referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 第五百四十八条の二第二項の規定は、第一項の規定による定型約款の変更については、適用しない。 art-548-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-548-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-548-4/par-4 The provisions of Article 548-2, paragraph (2) do not apply to an amendment to the standard terms and conditions under the provisions of paragraph (1). 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