# 民法 / Civil Code — 第九十七条 (Article 97) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第九十七条 (Article 97)（意思表示の効力発生時期等） — address `art-97` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-97 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第九十七条（意思表示の効力発生時期等） — (Timing of Entry into Effect of Manifestations of Intention) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97 **第一項** 意思表示は、その通知が相手方に到達した時からその効力を生ずる。 art-97/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-97/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97/par-1 A manifestation of intention becomes effective at the time notice of the manifestation reaches the other party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 相手方が正当な理由なく意思表示の通知が到達することを妨げたときは、その通知は、通常到達すべきであった時に到達したものとみなす。 art-97/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-97/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97/par-2 If the other party prevents notice of a manifestation of intention from reaching them without a legitimate reason, the notice is deemed to have reached that party at the time it would have normally reached them. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 意思表示は、表意者が通知を発した後に死亡し、意思能力を喪失し、又は行為能力の制限を受けたときであっても、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。 art-97/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-97/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-97/par-3 The effect of a manifestation of intention is not impaired even if the person making it dies, loses mental capacity, or becomes subject to restrictions on their legal capacity to act after having sent the notice. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## Cited by 1 provision cites this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民法 附則第六条第二項（意思表示に関する経過措置） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-6/par-2 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11