# 民法 / Civil Code — 第百三十一条 (Article 131) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第百三十一条 (Article 131)（既成条件） — address `art-131` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第百三十一条（既成条件） — (Fulfilled Conditions) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-131 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131 **第一項** 条件が法律行為の時に既に成就していた場合において、その条件が停止条件であるときはその法律行為は無条件とし、その条件が解除条件であるときはその法律行為は無効とする。 art-131/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-1 If a condition has already been fulfilled at the time of a juridical act and that condition is a condition precedent, the juridical act constitutes an unconditional act; if that condition is a condition subsequent, the juridical act is void. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 条件が成就しないことが法律行為の時に既に確定していた場合において、その条件が停止条件であるときはその法律行為は無効とし、その条件が解除条件であるときはその法律行為は無条件とする。 art-131/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-2 If it has already been established at the time of a juridical act that a condition will not be fulfilled and that condition is a condition precedent, the juridical act is void; if that condition is a condition subsequent, the juridical act constitutes an unconditional act. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項に規定する場合において、当事者が条件が成就したこと又は成就しなかったことを知らない間は、第百二十八条及び第百二十九条の規定を準用する。 art-131/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-3 In the cases referred to in the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the provisions of Article 128 and Article 129 apply mutatis mutandis until the relevant party becomes aware that the condition has been or has not been fulfilled. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-131/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第百三十一条第一項 (Article 131, paragraph (1)), art-131/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-1 - art-131/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第百三十一条第二項 (Article 131, paragraph (2)), art-131/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-2 - art-131/par-3: 第百二十八条 → 民法 第百二十八条 (Article 128), art-128 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-128 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-128 - art-131/par-3: 第百二十九条 → 民法 第百二十九条 (Article 129), art-129 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-129 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-129 ## Cited by 1 provision cites this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民法 第百三十一条第三項（既成条件） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-131/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-131/par-3 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11