# 破産法 / Bankruptcy Act — 第一章 (Chapter 1) - Law: 破産法 (Bankruptcy Act), 平成十六年法律第七十五号 - English title "Bankruptcy Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第一章 (Chapter 1) — address `ch-1` - Text in force since: 2026-05-21 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/ch-1 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-1 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第一章　総則 — Chapter I General Provisions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/ch-1 ### 第一条（目的） — (Purpose) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-1 **第一項** この法律は、支払不能又は債務超過にある債務者の財産等の清算に関する手続を定めること等により、債権者その他の利害関係人の利害及び債務者と債権者との間の権利関係を適切に調整し、もって債務者の財産等の適正かつ公平な清算を図るとともに、債務者について経済生活の再生の機会の確保を図ることを目的とする。 art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-1/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-1/par-1 The purpose of this Act is to appropriately coordinate the interests of creditors and other interested persons and the relationships of rights between debtors and creditors, with the aim of ensuring proper and fair liquidation of debtors' property, etc. and securing the opportunity for revitalization of their economic life, by specifying proceedings for liquidation of property held by debtors that are unable to pay debts or are insolvent, etc. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二条（定義） — (Definitions) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2 **第一項** この法律において「破産手続」とは、次章以下（第十二章を除く。）に定めるところにより、債務者の財産又は相続財産若しくは信託財産を清算する手続をいう。 art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-1 The term "bankruptcy proceedings" as used in this Act means the procedure for liquidating a debtor's property, inherited property or trust property as provided for in the following Chapters (excluding Chapter XII). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** この法律において「破産事件」とは、破産手続に係る事件をいう。 art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-2 The term "bankruptcy case" as used in this Act means a case related to bankruptcy proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** この法律において「破産裁判所」とは、破産事件が係属している地方裁判所をいう。 art-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-3 The term "bankruptcy court" as used in this Act means a district court before which a bankruptcy case is pending. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** この法律において「破産者」とは、債務者であって、第三十条第一項の規定により破産手続開始の決定がされているものをいう。 art-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-4 The term "bankrupt" as used in this Act means a debtor against whom an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings has been made pursuant to the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** この法律において「破産債権」とは、破産者に対し破産手続開始前の原因に基づいて生じた財産上の請求権（第九十七条各号に掲げる債権を含む。）であって、財団債権に該当しないものをいう。 art-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-5 The term "bankruptcy claim" as used in this Act means a claim on property arising against the bankrupt from a cause that has occurred before the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (including the claims stated in the items of Article 97), which does not fall within the scope of claims on the estate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** この法律において「破産債権者」とは、破産債権を有する債権者をいう。 art-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-6 The term "bankruptcy creditor" as used in this Act means a creditor that holds a bankruptcy claim. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第七項** この法律において「財団債権」とは、破産手続によらないで破産財団から随時弁済を受けることができる債権をいう。 art-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-7 The term "claim on the estate" as used in this Act means a claim which may be paid from the bankruptcy estate at any time without going through bankruptcy proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第八項** この法律において「財団債権者」とは、財団債権を有する債権者をいう。 art-2/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-8 The term "holder of claim on the estate" as used in this Act means a creditor that holds a claim on the estate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第九項** この法律において「別除権」とは、破産手続開始の時において破産財団に属する財産につき特別の先取特権、質権又は抵当権を有する者がこれらの権利の目的である財産について第六十五条第一項の規定により行使することができる権利をいう。 art-2/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-9 The term "right of separate satisfaction" as used in this Act means a right that a person that holds a special statutory lien, pledge or mortgage against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, may exercise at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, pursuant to the provisions of Article 65, paragraph (1), against the property that is the subject matter of these rights. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十項** この法律において「別除権者」とは、別除権を有する者をいう。 art-2/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-10 The term "holder of a right of separate satisfaction" as used in this Act means a person that holds a right of separate satisfaction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十一項** この法律において「支払不能」とは、債務者が、支払能力を欠くために、その債務のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態（信託財産の破産にあっては、受託者が、信託財産による支払能力を欠くために、信託財産責任負担債務（信託法（平成十八年法律第百八号）第二条第九項に規定する信託財産責任負担債務をいう。以下同じ。）のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態）をいう。 art-2/par-11 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-11 The term "unable to pay debts" as used in this Act means the condition in which a debtor is generally and continuously unable to pay debts as they become due, due to the lack of ability to pay (in the case of bankruptcy of the trust property, the condition in which the trustee is generally and continuously unable to pay obligation covered by the trust property due to the lack of ability to pay with the trust property (meaning obligations covered by the trust property as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (9) of the Trust Act (Act No. 108 of 2006); the same applies below) as they become due). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十二項** この法律において「破産管財人」とは、破産手続において破産財団に属する財産の管理及び処分をする権利を有する者をいう。 art-2/par-12 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-12 The term "bankruptcy trustee" as used in this Act means a person that has a right to administer and dispose of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate in bankruptcy proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十三項** この法律において「保全管理人」とは、第九十一条第一項の規定により債務者の財産に関し管理を命じられた者をいう。 art-2/par-13 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-13 The term "temporary administrator" as used in this Act means a person that is ordered to administer a debtor's property pursuant to the provisions of Article 91, paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十四項** この法律において「破産財団」とは、破産者の財産又は相続財産若しくは信託財産であって、破産手続において破産管財人にその管理及び処分をする権利が専属するものをいう。 art-2/par-14 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-2/par-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-2/par-14 The term "bankruptcy estate" as used in this Act means a bankrupt's property, inherited property, or trust property for which a bankruptcy trustee has an exclusive right to administer and dispose of in bankruptcy proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三条（外国人の地位） — (Status of Foreign Nationals) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-3 **第一項** 外国人又は外国法人は、破産手続、第十二章第一節の規定による免責手続（以下「免責手続」という。）及び同章第二節の規定による復権の手続（以下この章において「破産手続等」と総称する。）に関し、日本人又は日本法人と同一の地位を有する。 art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-3/par-1 A foreign national or foreign corporation has the same status as a Japanese national or Japanese corporation, with respect to bankruptcy proceedings, discharge proceedings under the provisions of Chapter XII, Section 1 (referred to below as "discharge proceedings") and proceedings for release from restrictions under the provisions of Section 2 of that Chapter (collectively referred to below as "bankruptcy proceedings, etc." in this Chapter). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第四条（破産事件の管轄） — (Jurisdiction over Bankruptcy Cases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-4 **第一項** この法律の規定による破産手続開始の申立ては、債務者が個人である場合には日本国内に営業所、住所、居所又は財産を有するときに限り、法人その他の社団又は財団である場合には日本国内に営業所、事務所又は財産を有するときに限り、することができる。 art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-4/par-1 A petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of this Act may be filed only if the debtor who is an individual has a business office, domicile, residence, or property in Japan, or if the debtor that is a corporation or any other association or foundation has a business office or other office or property in Japan. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 民事訴訟法（平成八年法律第百九号）の規定により裁判上の請求をすることができる債権は、日本国内にあるものとみなす。 art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-4/par-2 A claim for which demand by litigation may be made pursuant to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) is deemed to exist in Japan. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五条 art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5 **第一項** 破産事件は、債務者が、営業者であるときはその主たる営業所の所在地、営業者で外国に主たる営業所を有するものであるときは日本におけるその主たる営業所の所在地、営業者でないとき又は営業者であっても営業所を有しないときはその普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。 art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 A bankruptcy case is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over: if the debtor engages in business, the locality of the debtor's principal business office; if the debtor engages in business and has a principal business office in a foreign state, the locality of the debtor's principal business office in Japan; if the debtor does not engage in business, or engages in business, but does not have any business office, the locality of the debtor's general venue. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定による管轄裁判所がないときは、破産事件は、債務者の財産の所在地（債権については、裁判上の請求をすることができる地）を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。 art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 If there is no court with jurisdiction under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a bankruptcy case is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the debtor's property (in the case of a claim, the place where demand by litigation may be made). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項の規定にかかわらず、法人が株式会社の総株主の議決権（株主総会において決議をすることができる事項の全部につき議決権を行使することができない株式についての議決権を除き、会社法（平成十七年法律第八十六号）第八百七十九条第三項の規定により議決権を有するものとみなされる株式についての議決権を含む。次項、第八十三条第二項第二号及び第三項並びに第百六十一条第二項第二号イ及びロにおいて同じ。）の過半数を有する場合には、当該法人（以下この条及び第百六十一条第二項第二号ロにおいて「親法人」という。）について破産事件、再生事件又は更生事件（以下この条において「破産事件等」という。）が係属しているときにおける当該株式会社（以下この条及び第百六十一条第二項第二号ロにおいて「子株式会社」という。）についての破産手続開始の申立ては、親法人の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができ、子株式会社について破産事件等が係属しているときにおける親法人についての破産手続開始の申立ては、子株式会社の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができる。 art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-3 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if a corporation holds the majority of voting rights (excluding the voting rights of the shares of stock which may not be exercised for all matters that may be resolved at a shareholders meeting, and including the voting rights of the shares of stock for which the shareholder is deemed to have voting rights pursuant to the provisions of Article 879, paragraph (3) of the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005); the same applies below in the following paragraph, Article 83, paragraph (2), item (ii) and paragraph (3) and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (a) and sub-item (b)) of all shareholders of a stock company, if a bankruptcy case, rehabilitation case, or reorganization case (referred to below as a "bankruptcy case, etc." in this Article) is pending against the corporation (referred to below as a "parent corporation" in this Article and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b)), a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the stock company (referred to below as a "subsidiary stock company" in this Article and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b)) may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the parent corporation is pending, and if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against the subsidiary stock company, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the parent corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the subsidiary stock company is pending. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if a corporation holds the majority of voting rights (excluding the voting rights of the shares of stock which may not be exercised for all matters that may be resolved at a shareholders meeting, and including the voting rights of the shares of stock for which the shareholder is deemed to have voting rights pursuant to the provisions of Article 879, paragraph (3) of the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005); the same applies below in the following paragraph, Article 83, paragraph (2), item (ii) and paragraph (3) and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (a) and sub-item (b)) of all shareholders of a stock company, if a bankruptcy case, rehabilitation case, or reorganization case referred to below as a "bankruptcy case, etc." in this Article) is pending against the corporation (referred to below as a "parent corporation" in this Article and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b)), a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the stock company (referred to below as a "subsidiary stock company" in this Article and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b)) may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the parent corporation is pending, and if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against the subsidiary stock company, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the parent corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the subsidiary stock company is pending." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb **第四項** 子株式会社又は親法人及び子株式会社が他の株式会社の総株主の議決権の過半数を有する場合には、当該他の株式会社を当該親法人の子株式会社とみなして、前項の規定を適用する。 art-5/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-4 If a subsidiary stock company independently holds, or a parent corporation and a subsidiary stock company jointly hold the majority of voting rights of all shareholders of another stock company, the provisions of the preceding paragraph are applied as if the other stock company is a subsidiary stock company of the parent corporation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、株式会社が最終事業年度について会社法第四百四十四条の規定により当該株式会社及び他の法人に係る連結計算書類（同条第一項に規定する連結計算書類をいう。）を作成し、かつ、当該株式会社の定時株主総会においてその内容が報告された場合には、当該株式会社について破産事件等が係属しているときにおける当該他の法人についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該株式会社の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができ、当該他の法人について破産事件等が係属しているときにおける当該株式会社についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該他の法人の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができる。 art-5/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-5 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), if a stock company has prepared consolidated financial statements (meaning consolidated financial statements prescribed in paragraph (1) of that Article) for the most recent fiscal year with regard to the stock company itself and another corporation, and reported the contents of the statement at an annual shareholders meeting of the stock company as provided for by Article 444 of the Companies Act, if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against the stock company, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the other corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the stock company is pending, and if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against the other corporation, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the stock company may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the other corporation is pending. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、法人について破産事件等が係属している場合における当該法人の代表者についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該法人の破産事件等が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができ、法人の代表者について破産事件又は再生事件が係属している場合における当該法人についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該法人の代表者の破産事件又は再生事件が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができる。 art-5/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-6 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), if a bankruptcy case, etc. is pending against a corporation, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the representative person of the corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case, etc. against the corporation is pending, and if a bankruptcy case or rehabilitation case is pending against the representative person of a corporation, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the corporation may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case or rehabilitation case against the representative person of the corporation is pending. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第七項** 第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、次の各号に掲げる者のうちいずれか一人について破産事件が係属しているときは、それぞれ当該各号に掲げる他の者についての破産手続開始の申立ては、当該破産事件が係属している地方裁判所にもすることができる。 art-5/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), if a bankruptcy case is pending against either one of the persons stated in each of the following items, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the other person stated in the respective items may also be filed with the district court before which the bankruptcy case is pending: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 相互に連帯債務者の関係にある個人 art-5/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7/item-1 individual who is a joint and several obligor with each other; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 相互に主たる債務者と保証人の関係にある個人 art-5/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7/item-2 individual one of whom is a principal obligor and the other is their guarantor; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 夫婦 art-5/par-7/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7/item-3 husband and wife. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第八項** 第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、破産手続開始の決定がされたとすれば破産債権となるべき債権を有する債権者の数が五百人以上であるときは、これらの規定による管轄裁判所の所在地を管轄する高等裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所にも、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。 art-5/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-8 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), if an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made and there are 500 or more creditors that hold claims that are supposed to be bankruptcy claims, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may also be filed with the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the high court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the court with jurisdiction under these provisions. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第九項** 第一項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、前項に規定する債権者の数が千人以上であるときは、東京地方裁判所又は大阪地方裁判所にも、破産手続開始の申立てをすることができる。 art-5/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-9 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), if there are 1,000 or more creditors prescribed in the preceding paragraph, a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings may also be filed with the Tokyo District Court or the Osaka District Court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第十項** 前各項の規定により二以上の地方裁判所が管轄権を有するときは、破産事件は、先に破産手続開始の申立てがあった地方裁判所が管轄する。 art-5/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-10 If two or more district courts have jurisdiction over a bankruptcy case pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, the bankruptcy case is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court with which the first petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings is filed. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六条（専属管轄） — (Exclusive Jurisdiction) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-6 **第一項** この法律に規定する裁判所の管轄は、専属とする。 art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-6/par-1 The court jurisdiction prescribed in this Act is exclusive. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七条（破産事件の移送） — (Transfer of Bankruptcy Cases) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7 **第一項** 裁判所は、著しい損害又は遅滞を避けるため必要があると認めるときは、職権で、破産事件（破産事件の債務者又は破産者による免責許可の申立てがある場合にあっては、破産事件及び当該免責許可の申立てに係る事件）を次に掲げる地方裁判所のいずれかに移送することができる。 art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1 The court may transfer a bankruptcy case by its own authority (if the debtor involved in a bankruptcy case, or bankrupt files a petition for grant of discharge, or the bankruptcy case and the case related to the petition for grant of discharge) to any of the following district courts if the court finds it necessary to do so in order to avoid substantial detriment or delay: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 債務者の主たる営業所又は事務所以外の営業所又は事務所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-1 the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the debtor's business office or other office other than the debtor's principal business office or other principal office; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 債務者の住所又は居所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-2 the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the debtor's domicile or residence; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 第五条第二項に規定する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-3 the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (2); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 次のイからハまでのいずれかに掲げる地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-4 any of the district courts listed in sub-items (a) through (c) below: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **イ** 第五条第三項から第七項までに規定する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1 the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraphs (3) through (7); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **ロ** 破産手続開始の決定がされたとすれば破産債権となるべき債権を有する債権者（破産手続開始の決定後にあっては、破産債権者。ハにおいて同じ。）の数が五百人以上であるときは、第五条第八項に規定する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-2 the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (8) if an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is made and there are 500 or more creditors that hold claims that are supposed to be bankruptcy claims order commencing (after an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings is issued, bankruptcy creditors; the same applies in sub-item (c)); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **ハ** ロに規定する債権者の数が千人以上であるときは、第五条第九項に規定する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-3 the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (9) if there are 1,000 or more creditors prescribed in sub-item (b); or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 第五条第三項から第九項までの規定によりこれらの規定に規定する地方裁判所に破産事件が係属しているときは、同条第一項又は第二項に規定する地方裁判所 art-7/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-7/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-7/par-1/item-5 the district court prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (1) or (2) if the bankruptcy case is pending pursuant to the provisions of Article 5, paragraphs (3) through (9) at the district court prescribed in the respective provisions. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八条（任意的口頭弁論等） — (Optional Oral Argument) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8 **第一項** 破産手続等に関する裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。 art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8/par-1 A judicial decision concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc. may be made without oral argument. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 裁判所は、職権で、破産手続等に係る事件に関して必要な調査をすることができる。 art-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8/par-2 The court may conduct necessary investigation on a case related to bankruptcy proceedings, etc. by its own authority. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八条の二（期日の呼出し） — Summons for Appearance Dates caption: machine translation, not official art-8-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-2 **第一項** 破産手続等における期日の呼出しは、呼出状の送達、当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知その他相当と認める方法によってする。 art-8-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-2/par-1 A summons for an appearance date in bankruptcy proceedings, etc. is made by serving a writ of summons, by announcing the date to a person who has appeared in connection with the case in question, or by any other means found to be appropriate. machine translation, not official **第二項** 呼出状の送達及び当該事件について出頭した者に対する期日の告知以外の方法による期日の呼出しをしたときは、期日に出頭しない者に対し、法律上の制裁その他期日の不遵守による不利益を帰することができない。ただし、その者が期日の呼出しを受けた旨を記載した書面を提出したときは、この限りでない。 art-8-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-2/par-2 If a summons for an appearance date is made other than through the service of a writ of summons or an announcement of the date to a person who has appeared in connection with the case in question, no legal sanction or other disadvantage may be attributed to a person who does not appear on that date; however, this does not apply if the relevant person has submitted a document stating that the person has received a summons for the appearance date. machine translation, not official ### 第八条の三（公示送達の方法） — Method of Service by Publication caption: machine translation, not official art-8-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-3 **第一項** 破産手続等における公示送達は、裁判所書記官が送達すべき書類を保管し、いつでも送達を受けるべき者に交付すべき旨を裁判所の掲示場に掲示してする。 art-8-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-3/par-1 Service by publication in bankruptcy proceedings, etc. is effected by posting, at the posting area for the court, a notice to the effect that the court clerk retains the documents to be served and will deliver them to the person who is to be served at any time. machine translation, not official ### 第八条の四（電子情報処理組織による申立て等） — Filing Petitions or Statements by Means of an Electronic Data Processing System caption: machine translation, not official art-8-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4 **第一項** 破産手続等における申立てその他の申述（以下この条において「申立て等」という。）のうち、当該申立て等に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等（書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物をいう。次項及び第四項において同じ。）をもってするものとされているものであって、最高裁判所の定める裁判所に対してするもの（当該裁判所の裁判長、受命裁判官、受託裁判官又は裁判所書記官に対してするものを含む。）については、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織（裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機（入出力装置を含む。以下この項及び第三項において同じ。）と申立て等をする者の使用に係る電子計算機とを電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織をいう。）を用いてすることができる。 art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 Of the petitions and other statements in bankruptcy proceedings, etc. (referred to below in this Article as a "petition or statement"), a petition or statement that is to be filed by means of a paper document, etc. (meaning a paper document, piece of writing, document, transcript, extract, authenticated copy, duplicate copy, extra copy, or other piece of paper or tangible object bearing information that can be perceived by the human senses, such as characters or shapes; the same applies in the following paragraph and paragraph (4)) pursuant to the provisions of this Act or other laws and regulations relevant to the petition or statement, and that is filed with a court specified by the Supreme Court (including one filed with the presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk of that court), may, notwithstanding the provisions of those laws and regulations, be filed by using an electronic data processing system (meaning an electronic data processing system connecting a computer used by the court (including its input and output devices; the same applies in this paragraph and paragraph (3)) to a computer used by the person filing the petition or statement via a telecommunications line), as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court. machine translation, not official **第二項** 前項の規定によりされた申立て等については、当該申立て等を書面等をもってするものとして規定した申立て等に関する法令の規定に規定する書面等をもってされたものとみなして、当該申立て等に関する法令の規定を適用する。 art-8-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-2 A petition or statement filed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph is deemed to have been filed by means of a paper document, etc. prescribed in the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to the petition or statement, in which it is provided that the petition or statement is to be filed by means of a paper document, etc., and the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to the petition or statement apply. machine translation, not official **第三項** 第一項の規定によりされた申立て等は、同項の裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルへの記録がされた時に、当該裁判所に到達したものとみなす。 art-8-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-3 A petition or statement filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is deemed to have arrived at the court as referred to in that paragraph when it is recorded in a file stored on the computer used by that court. machine translation, not official **第四項** 第一項の場合において、当該申立て等に関する他の法令の規定により署名等（署名、記名、押印その他氏名又は名称を書面等に記載することをいう。以下この項において同じ。）をすることとされているものについては、当該申立て等をする者は、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、当該署名等に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、氏名又は名称を明らかにする措置を講じなければならない。 art-8-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-4 Notwithstanding the provisions of other laws and regulations relevant to the petition or statement, in the case referred to in paragraph (1), a person filing a petition or statement that is to bear a signature, etc. (meaning the relevant person's signature, name, or seal or other inclusion of the relevant person's name or trade name in the paper document, etc.; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of those laws and regulations, in lieu of affixing this signature, etc., is to take measures to clarify the name or trade name of the person filing the petition or statement, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court. machine translation, not official **第五項** 第一項の規定によりされた申立て等が第三項に規定するファイルに記録されたときは、第一項の裁判所は、当該ファイルに記録された情報の内容を書面に出力しなければならない。 art-8-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-5 When a petition or statement filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) has been recorded in the file prescribed in paragraph (3), the court as referred to in paragraph (1) is to output the contents of the data recorded in the file in the form of a paper document. machine translation, not official **第六項** 第一項の規定によりされた申立て等に係るこの法律その他の法令の規定による事件に関する文書等の閲覧若しくは謄写又はその正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付は、前項の書面をもってするものとする。当該申立て等に係る書類の送達又は送付も、同様とする。 art-8-4/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-6 The inspection or copying of documents and other materials relating to a case, or the issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract thereof, under the provisions of this Act or other laws and regulations in relation to a petition or statement filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), is to be effected by means of the paper document referred to in the preceding paragraph. The same applies to the service or sending of documents relating to the petition or statement. machine translation, not official ### 第八条の五（裁判書） — Written Judgments caption: machine translation, not official art-8-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-5 **第一項** 破産手続等に関する裁判の裁判書を作成する場合には、当該裁判書には、当該裁判に係る主文、当事者及び法定代理人並びに裁判所を記載しなければならない。 art-8-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-5/par-1 When a written judgment is prepared for a judicial decision concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc., the main text, the parties and legal representatives, and the court relating to the judicial decision must be stated in the written judgment. machine translation, not official **第二項** 前項の裁判書を送達する場合には、当該送達は、当該裁判書の正本によってする。 art-8-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-5/par-2 When the written judgment referred to in the preceding paragraph is served, the service is to be made by means of an authenticated copy of the written judgment. machine translation, not official ### 第九条（不服申立て） — (Appeals) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-9 **第一項** 破産手続等に関する裁判につき利害関係を有する者は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合に限り、当該裁判に対し即時抗告をすることができる。その期間は、裁判の公告があった場合には、その公告が効力を生じた日から起算して二週間とする。 art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-9/par-1 A person that has an interest in a judicial decision concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc., only as specially provided for in this Act, may file an immediate appeal against the judicial decision. The period for filing is two weeks from the day on which the public notice becomes effective if a public notice of the juridical decision is made. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第十条（公告等） — (Public Notices) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10 **第一項** この法律の規定による公告は、官報に掲載してする。 art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-1 A public notice under the provisions of this Act is made public in the Official Gazette. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 公告は、掲載があった日の翌日に、その効力を生ずる。 art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-2 A public notice becomes effective on the day following the day on which it is published. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** この法律の規定により送達をしなければならない場合には、公告をもって、これに代えることができる。ただし、この法律の規定により公告及び送達をしなければならない場合は、この限りでない。 art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3 If a service is required to be made pursuant to the provisions of this Act, it may be substituted by a public notice; provided, however, that this does not apply if both public notice and service are required to be made pursuant to the provisions of this Act. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** この法律の規定により裁判の公告がされたときは、一切の関係人に対して当該裁判の告知があったものとみなす。 art-10/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-4 When a public notice of a judicial decision is made pursuant to the provisions of this Act, it is deemed that all interested parties are notified of the judicial decision. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 前二項の規定は、この法律に特別の定めがある場合には、適用しない。 art-10/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-5 The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if special provisions exist in this Act. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第十一条（事件に関する文書の閲覧等） — (Access of Case Documents) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11 **第一項** 利害関係人は、裁判所書記官に対し、この法律（この法律において準用する他の法律を含む。）の規定に基づき、裁判所に提出され、又は裁判所が作成した文書その他の物件（以下この条及び次条第一項において「文書等」という。）の閲覧を請求することができる。 art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-1 An interested person may make a request to the court clerk for the inspection of documents and any other materials (referred to below as "documents and other materials" in this Article and paragraph (1) of the following Article) submitted to the court or prepared by the court pursuant to the provisions of this Act (including other Acts as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this Act). machine translation, not official **第二項** 利害関係人は、裁判所書記官に対し、文書等の謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又は事件に関する事項の証明書の交付を請求することができる。 art-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-2 An interested person may make a request to the court clerk to copy documents and other materials, to issue an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of documents and other materials, or to issue a certificate of matters concerning the case. machine translation, not official **第三項** 前項の規定は、文書等のうち録音テープ又はビデオテープ（これらに準ずる方法により一定の事項を記録した物を含む。）に関しては、適用しない。この場合において、これらの物について利害関係人の請求があるときは、裁判所書記官は、その複製を許さなければならない。 art-11/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-3 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply with respect to documents and other materials which are prepared in the form of audiotapes or videotapes (including objects onto which a fixed set of information has been recorded by any equivalent means). In this case, upon the request of an interested person with regard to these materials, the court clerk must permit the reproduction of the documents and other materials prepared in audiotapes or videotapes. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 前三項の規定にかかわらず、次の各号に掲げる者は、当該各号に定める命令、保全処分又は裁判のいずれかがあるまでの間は、前三項の規定による請求をすることができない。ただし、当該者が破産手続開始の申立人である場合は、この限りでない。 art-11/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-4 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, a person stated in the following items may not make a request under the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs until the order, provisional order, or judicial decision specified in the respective item is issued or made; provided, however, that this does not apply if the relevant person is a petitioner for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings: machine translation, not official **一** 債務者以外の利害関係人　第二十四条第一項の規定による中止の命令、第二十五条第二項に規定する包括的禁止命令、第二十八条第一項の規定による保全処分、第九十一条第二項に規定する保全管理命令、第百七十一条第一項の規定による保全処分又は破産手続開始の申立てについての裁判 art-11/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-4/item-1 an interested person other than the debtor: a suspension order under the provisions of Article 24, paragraph (1), comprehensive stay order prescribed in Article 25, paragraph (2), provisional order under the provisions of Article 28, paragraph (1), order for temporary administration prescribed in Article 91, paragraph (2), provisional order under the provisions of Article 171, paragraph (1) or judicial decision on a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings; or machine translation, not official **二** 債務者　破産手続開始の申立てに関する口頭弁論若しくは債務者を呼び出す審尋の期日の指定の裁判又は前号に定める命令、保全処分若しくは裁判 art-11/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-4/item-2 the debtor: a judicial decision to designate the date for oral argument or for an interrogation at which the debtor is to be summoned to appear, with respect to a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings, or any order, provisional order, or judicial decision as specified in the preceding item. machine translation, not official ### 第十二条（支障部分の閲覧等の制限） — (Restrictions on Access of Detrimental Parts of Documents) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12 **第一項** 次に掲げる文書等について、利害関係人がその閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又はその複製（以下この条において「閲覧等」という。）を行うことにより、破産財団（破産手続開始前にあっては、債務者の財産）の管理又は換価に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがある部分（以下この条において「支障部分」という。）があることにつき疎明があった場合には、裁判所は、当該文書等を提出した破産管財人又は保全管理人の申立てにより、支障部分の閲覧等の請求をすることができる者を、当該申立てをした者（その者が保全管理人である場合にあっては、保全管理人又は破産管財人。次項において同じ。）に限ることができる。 art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1 If, with regard to the following documents and other materials, a prima facie showing is made to the effect that there is a part (referred to below in this Article as the "detrimental part") likely to be significantly detrimental to the administration or realization of the bankruptcy estate (prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, the debtor's property) if an interested person conducts the inspection or copying of them, the issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of them, or the reproduction of them (referred to below in this Article as "access"), the court, upon the petition of the bankruptcy trustee or temporary administrator that submitted the documents and other materials in question, may limit the persons that may make a request for access to the detrimental part to the person that has filed the petition (if that person is a temporary administrator, the temporary administrator or a bankruptcy trustee; the same applies in the following paragraph): machine translation, not official **一** 第三十六条、第四十条第一項ただし書若しくは同条第二項において準用する同条第一項ただし書（これらの規定を第九十六条第一項において準用する場合を含む。）、第七十八条第二項（第九十三条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、第八十四条（第九十六条第一項において準用する場合を含む。）又は第九十三条第一項ただし書の許可を得るために裁判所に提出された文書等 art-12/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1/item-1 documents and other materials submitted to the court for the purpose of obtaining permission under Article 36, the proviso to Article 40, paragraph (1), or the proviso to paragraph (1) of that Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 40, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1)), Article 78, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 93, paragraph (3)), Article 84 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1)) or the proviso to Article 93, paragraph (1); and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 第百五十七条第二項の規定による報告に係る文書等 art-12/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1/item-2 documents and other materials related to the report under the provisions of Article 157, paragraph (2). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の申立てがあったときは、その申立てについての裁判が確定するまで、利害関係人（同項の申立てをした者を除く。次項において同じ。）は、支障部分の閲覧等の請求をすることができない。 art-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-2 When the petition stated in the preceding paragraph is filed, an interested person (excluding the one who filed the petition stated in that paragraph; the same applies in the following paragraph) may not make a request for access of the detrimental part until a judicial decision on the petition becomes final and binding. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 支障部分の閲覧等の請求をしようとする利害関係人は、破産裁判所に対し、第一項に規定する要件を欠くこと又はこれを欠くに至ったことを理由として、同項の規定による決定の取消しの申立てをすることができる。 art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-3 An interested person that intends to make a request for access of the detrimental part may file a petition to the bankruptcy court for reversal of the order issued under the provisions of paragraph (1), on the grounds that the requirement prescribed in that paragraph is not met or is no longer met. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 第一項の申立てを却下する決定及び前項の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-12/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-4 An immediate appeal may be filed against an order dismissing the petition stated in paragraph (1), and a judicial decision on the petition stated in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 第一項の規定による決定を取り消す決定は、確定しなければその効力を生じない。 art-12/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-5 An order to reverse the order under the provisions of paragraph (1) does not become effective unless it becomes final and binding. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第十三条（民事訴訟法の準用） — (Application, Mutatis Mutandis of the Code of Civil Procedure) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-13 **第一項** 特別の定めがある場合を除き、破産手続等に関しては、その性質に反しない限り、民事訴訟法第一編から第四編までの規定（同法第七十一条第二項、第九十一条の二、第九十二条第九項及び第十項、第九十二条の二第二項、第九十四条、第百条第二項、第一編第五章第四節第三款、第百十一条、第一編第七章、第百三十三条の二第五項及び第六項、第百三十三条の三第二項、第百五十一条第三項、第百六十条第二項、第百八十五条第三項、第二百五条第二項、第二百十五条第二項、第二百二十七条第二項並びに第二百三十二条の二の規定を除く。）を準用する。この場合において、別表の上欄に掲げる同法の規定中同表の中欄に掲げる字句は、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる字句に読み替えるものとする。 art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-13/par-1 Except as otherwise specially provided, the provisions of Part I through Part IV of the Code of Civil Procedure (excluding Article 71, paragraph (2), Article 91-2, Article 92, paragraphs (9) and (10), Article 92-2, paragraph (2), Article 94, Article 100, paragraph (2), Part I, Chapter V, Section 4, Subsection 3, Article 111, Part I, Chapter VII, Article 133-2, paragraphs (5) and (6), Article 133-3, paragraph (2), Article 151, paragraph (3), Article 160, paragraph (2), Article 185, paragraph (3), Article 205, paragraph (2), Article 215, paragraph (2), Article 227, paragraph (2), and Article 232-2 of that Code) apply mutatis mutandis to bankruptcy proceedings, etc., to the extent that they are not contrary to their nature. In this case, the phrases set out in the middle column of the Appended Table in the provisions of that Code set out in the upper column of that Table are deemed to be replaced with the phrases set out in the lower column of that Table, respectively. machine translation, not official ### 第十四条（最高裁判所規則） — (Rules of the Supreme Court) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-14 **第一項** この法律に定めるもののほか、破産手続等に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。 art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-14/par-1 Beyond what is provided for in this Act, the necessary particulars concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc. are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-2/par-4: 第三十条第一項 → 破産法 第三十条第一項 (Article 30, paragraph (1)), art-30/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-30/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-30/par-1 - art-2/par-5: 第九十七条 → 破産法 第九十七条 (Article 97), art-97 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-97 - art-2/par-9: 第六十五条第一項 → 破産法 第六十五条第一項 (Article 65, paragraph (1)), art-65/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-65/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-65/par-1 - art-2/par-11: 信託法（平成十八年法律第百八号）第二条第九項 → e-Gov law 418AC0000000108, 第二条第九項 (Article 2, paragraph (9)), art-2/par-9 — not held in this collection - art-2/par-13: 第九十一条第一項 → 破産法 第九十一条第一項 (Article 91, paragraph (1)), art-91/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-1 - art-5/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-3: 前二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-3: 会社法（平成十七年法律第八十六号）第八百七十九条第三項 → 会社法 第八百七十九条第三項 (Article 879, paragraph (3)), art-879/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/companies-act/art-879/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-879/par-3 - art-5/par-3: 次項 → 破産法 第五条第四項 (Article 5, paragraph (4)), art-5/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-4 - art-5/par-3: 第八十三条第二項第二号 → 破産法 第八十三条第二項第二号 (Article 83, paragraph (2), item (ii)), art-83/par-2/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-83/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-83/par-2/item-2 - art-5/par-3: 第三項 → 破産法 第八十三条第三項 (Article 83, paragraph (3)), art-83/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-83/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-83/par-3 - art-5/par-3: 第百六十一条第二項第二号 → 破産法 第百六十一条第二項第二号 (Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii)), art-161/par-2/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-161/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-161/par-2/item-2 - art-5/par-3: この条 → 破産法 第五条 (Article 5), art-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5 - art-5/par-4: 前項 → 破産法 第五条第三項 (Article 5, paragraph (3)), art-5/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-3 - art-5/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-5: 第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-5: 会社法第四百四十四条 → 会社法 第四百四十四条 (Article 444), art-444 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/companies-act/art-444 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-444 - art-5/par-5: 同条第一項 → 会社法 第四百四十四条第一項 (Article 444, paragraph (1)), art-444/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/companies-act/art-444/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-444/par-1 - art-5/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-6: 第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-7: 第一項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-7: 第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-8: 第一項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-8: 第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-9: 第一項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-9: 第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-9: 前項 → 破産法 第五条第八項 (Article 5, paragraph (8)), art-5/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-8 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第三項 (Article 5, paragraph (3)), art-5/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-3 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第四項 (Article 5, paragraph (4)), art-5/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-4 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第五項 (Article 5, paragraph (5)), art-5/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-5 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第六項 (Article 5, paragraph (6)), art-5/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-6 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第七項 (Article 5, paragraph (7)), art-5/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第八項 (Article 5, paragraph (8)), art-5/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-8 - art-5/par-10: 前各項 → 破産法 第五条第九項 (Article 5, paragraph (9)), art-5/par-9 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-9 - art-7/par-1/item-3: 第五条第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 第五条第三項から第七項まで → 破産法 第五条第三項 (Article 5, paragraph (3)), art-5/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-3 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 第五条第三項から第七項まで → 破産法 第五条第四項 (Article 5, paragraph (4)), art-5/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-4 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 第五条第三項から第七項まで → 破産法 第五条第五項 (Article 5, paragraph (5)), art-5/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-5 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 第五条第三項から第七項まで → 破産法 第五条第六項 (Article 5, paragraph (6)), art-5/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-6 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 第五条第三項から第七項まで → 破産法 第五条第七項 (Article 5, paragraph (7)), art-5/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-2: 第五条第八項 → 破産法 第五条第八項 (Article 5, paragraph (8)), art-5/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-8 - art-7/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 第五条第九項 → 破産法 第五条第九項 (Article 5, paragraph (9)), art-5/par-9 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-9 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第三項 (Article 5, paragraph (3)), art-5/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-3 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第四項 (Article 5, paragraph (4)), art-5/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-4 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第五項 (Article 5, paragraph (5)), art-5/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-5 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第六項 (Article 5, paragraph (6)), art-5/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-6 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第七項 (Article 5, paragraph (7)), art-5/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-7 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第八項 (Article 5, paragraph (8)), art-5/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-8 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第五条第三項から第九項まで → 破産法 第五条第九項 (Article 5, paragraph (9)), art-5/par-9 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-9 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 同条第一項 → 破産法 第五条第一項 (Article 5, paragraph (1)), art-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-1 - art-7/par-1/item-5: 第二項 → 破産法 第五条第二項 (Article 5, paragraph (2)), art-5/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-5/par-2 - art-8-4/par-1: この条 → 破産法 第八条の四 (Article 8-4), art-8-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4 - art-8-4/par-1: 次項 → 破産法 第八条の四第二項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (2)), art-8-4/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-2 - art-8-4/par-1: 第四項 → 破産法 第八条の四第四項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (4)), art-8-4/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-4 - art-8-4/par-1: この項 → 破産法 第八条の四第一項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (1)), art-8-4/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 - art-8-4/par-1: 第三項 → 破産法 第八条の四第三項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (3)), art-8-4/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-3 - art-8-4/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第八条の四第一項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (1)), art-8-4/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 - art-8-4/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第八条の四第一項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (1)), art-8-4/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 - art-8-4/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第八条の四第一項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (1)), art-8-4/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 - art-8-4/par-4: この項 → 破産法 第八条の四第四項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (4)), art-8-4/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-4 - art-8-4/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第八条の四第一項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (1)), art-8-4/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 - art-8-4/par-5: 第三項 → 破産法 第八条の四第三項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (3)), art-8-4/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-3 - art-8-4/par-6: 第一項 → 破産法 第八条の四第一項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (1)), art-8-4/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-1 - art-8-4/par-6: 前項 → 破産法 第八条の四第五項 (Article 8-4, paragraph (5)), art-8-4/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-4/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-4/par-5 - art-8-5/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第八条の五第一項 (Article 8-5, paragraph (1)), art-8-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-8-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-8-5/par-1 - art-10/par-5: 前二項 → 破産法 第十条第三項 (Article 10, paragraph (3)), art-10/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-3 - art-10/par-5: 前二項 → 破産法 第十条第四項 (Article 10, paragraph (4)), art-10/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-10/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-10/par-4 - art-11/par-1: この条 → 破産法 第十一条 (Article 11), art-11 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11 - art-11/par-1: 次条第一項 → 破産法 第十二条第一項 (Article 12, paragraph (1)), art-12/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1 - art-11/par-3: 前項 → 破産法 第十一条第二項 (Article 11, paragraph (2)), art-11/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-2 - art-11/par-4: 前三項 → 破産法 第十一条第一項 (Article 11, paragraph (1)), art-11/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-1 - art-11/par-4: 前三項 → 破産法 第十一条第二項 (Article 11, paragraph (2)), art-11/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-2 - art-11/par-4: 前三項 → 破産法 第十一条第三項 (Article 11, paragraph (3)), art-11/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-3 - art-11/par-4/item-1: 第二十四条第一項 → 破産法 第二十四条第一項 (Article 24, paragraph (1)), art-24/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1 - art-11/par-4/item-1: 第二十五条第二項 → 破産法 第二十五条第二項 (Article 25, paragraph (2)), art-25/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-25/par-2 - art-11/par-4/item-1: 第二十八条第一項 → 破産法 第二十八条第一項 (Article 28, paragraph (1)), art-28/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-28/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-28/par-1 - art-11/par-4/item-1: 第九十一条第二項 → 破産法 第九十一条第二項 (Article 91, paragraph (2)), art-91/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-91/par-2 - art-11/par-4/item-1: 第百七十一条第一項 → 破産法 第百七十一条第一項 (Article 171, paragraph (1)), art-171/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-171/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-171/par-1 - art-11/par-4/item-2: 前号 → 破産法 第十一条第四項第一号 (Article 11, paragraph (4), item (i)), art-11/par-4/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-11/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-11/par-4/item-1 - art-12/par-1: この条 → 破産法 第十二条 (Article 12), art-12 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12 - art-12/par-1: 次項 → 破産法 第十二条第二項 (Article 12, paragraph (2)), art-12/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-2 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第三十六条 → 破産法 第三十六条 (Article 36), art-36 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-36 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第四十条第一項 → 破産法 第四十条第一項 (Article 40, paragraph (1)), art-40/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-1 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 同条第二項 → 破産法 第四十条第二項 (Article 40, paragraph (2)), art-40/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-40/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-40/par-2 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第九十六条第一項 → 破産法 第九十六条第一項 (Article 96, paragraph (1)), art-96/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-96/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-96/par-1 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第七十八条第二項 → 破産法 第七十八条第二項 (Article 78, paragraph (2)), art-78/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-78/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-78/par-2 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第九十三条第三項 → 破産法 第九十三条第三項 (Article 93, paragraph (3)), art-93/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-93/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-93/par-3 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第八十四条 → 破産法 第八十四条 (Article 84), art-84 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-84 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-84 - art-12/par-1/item-1: 第九十三条第一項 → 破産法 第九十三条第一項 (Article 93, paragraph (1)), art-93/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-93/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-93/par-1 - art-12/par-1/item-2: 第百五十七条第二項 → 破産法 第百五十七条第二項 (Article 157, paragraph (2)), art-157/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-157/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-157/par-2 - art-12/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第十二条第一項 (Article 12, paragraph (1)), art-12/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1 - art-12/par-2: 次項 → 破産法 第十二条第三項 (Article 12, paragraph (3)), art-12/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-3 - art-12/par-3: 第一項 → 破産法 第十二条第一項 (Article 12, paragraph (1)), art-12/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1 - art-12/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第十二条第一項 (Article 12, paragraph (1)), art-12/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1 - art-12/par-4: 前項 → 破産法 第十二条第三項 (Article 12, paragraph (3)), art-12/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-3 - art-12/par-5: 第一項 → 破産法 第十二条第一項 (Article 12, paragraph (1)), art-12/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-12/par-1 - art-13/par-1: 同法第七十一条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第七十一条第二項 (Article 71, paragraph (2)), art-71/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-71/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-71/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第九十一条の二 → 民事訴訟法 第九十一条の二 (Article 91-2), art-91-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-91-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-91-2 - art-13/par-1: 第九十二条第九項 → 民事訴訟法 第九十二条第九項 (Article 92, paragraph (9)), art-92/par-9 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-92/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-92/par-9 - art-13/par-1: 第十項 → 民事訴訟法 第九十二条第十項 (Article 92, paragraph (10)), art-92/par-10 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-92/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-92/par-10 - art-13/par-1: 第九十二条の二第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第九十二条の二第二項 (Article 92-2, paragraph (2)), art-92-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-92-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-92-2/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第九十四条 → 民事訴訟法 第九十四条 (Article 94), art-94 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-94 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-94 - art-13/par-1: 第百条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百条第二項 (Article 100, paragraph (2)), art-100/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-100/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-100/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第百十一条 → 民事訴訟法 第百十一条 (Article 111), art-111 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-111 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-111 - art-13/par-1: 第百三十三条の二第五項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十三条の二第五項 (Article 133-2, paragraph (5)), art-133-2/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-133-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-133-2/par-5 - art-13/par-1: 第六項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十三条の二第六項 (Article 133-2, paragraph (6)), art-133-2/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-133-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-133-2/par-6 - art-13/par-1: 第百三十三条の三第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十三条の三第二項 (Article 133-3, paragraph (2)), art-133-3/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-133-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-133-3/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第百五十一条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第百五十一条第三項 (Article 151, paragraph (3)), art-151/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-151/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-151/par-3 - art-13/par-1: 第百六十条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百六十条第二項 (Article 160, paragraph (2)), art-160/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-160/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-160/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第百八十五条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十五条第三項 (Article 185, paragraph (3)), art-185/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-185/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-185/par-3 - art-13/par-1: 第二百五条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五条第二項 (Article 205, paragraph (2)), art-205/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-205/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-205/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第二百十五条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百十五条第二項 (Article 215, paragraph (2)), art-215/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-215/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-215/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第二百二十七条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百二十七条第二項 (Article 227, paragraph (2)), art-227/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-227/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-227/par-2 - art-13/par-1: 第二百三十二条の二 → 民事訴訟法 第二百三十二条の二 (Article 232-2), art-232-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/code-of-civil-procedure/art-232-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-232-2 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-19 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 破産法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/416AC0000000075/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act (破産法), Article 5, paragraph (3) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch bankruptcy-act-20261019T021325-001, translated 2026-10-19 - claude-sonnet-5-5, corrected on review by claude-opus-5-5 — Machine translation corrected on review, batch bankruptcy-act-20261019T021325-001, translated 2026-10-19 - This site's parser, version 204 — 破産法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19