# 破産法 / Bankruptcy Act — 第二百五十三条 (Article 253)

- Law: 破産法 (Bankruptcy Act), 平成十六年法律第七十五号
- English title "Bankruptcy Act": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第二百五十三条 (Article 253)（免責許可の決定の効力等） — address `art-253`
- Text in force since: 2026-05-21
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.

Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.

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### 第二百五十三条（免責許可の決定の効力等） — (Effect of Order to Grant Discharges)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253</sup>

  **第一項**  免責許可の決定が確定したときは、破産者は、破産手続による配当を除き、破産債権について、その責任を免れる。ただし、次に掲げる請求権については、この限りでない。
  <sup>art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1</sup>
  When an order to grant a discharge becomes final and binding, the bankrupt is discharged from their liabilities for bankruptcy claims, except for distribution in bankruptcy proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply to the following claims:
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **一**  租税等の請求権（共助対象外国租税の請求権を除く。）
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-1</sup>
    a claim for tax, etc. (excluding a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance);
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **二**  破産者が悪意で加えた不法行為に基づく損害賠償請求権
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-2</sup>
    a claim for damages for a tort that the bankrupt has committed in bad faith;
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **三**  破産者が故意又は重大な過失により加えた人の生命又は身体を害する不法行為に基づく損害賠償請求権（前号に掲げる請求権を除く。）
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-3</sup>
    a claim for damages for a tort that harms the life or body of another person which the bankrupt has committed intentionally or by gross negligence (excluding the claim stated in the preceding item);
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **四**  次に掲げる義務に係る請求権
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-4</sup>
    a claim related to any of the following obligations:
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **イ**  民法第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務
      <sup>art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-1</sup>
      the obligation to cooperate and provide mutual assistance between husband and wife under the provisions of Article 752 of the Civil Code;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **ロ**  民法第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務
      <sup>art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-2</sup>
      the obligation to share expenses arising from marriage under the provisions of Article 760 of the Civil Code;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **ハ**  民法第七百六十六条及び第七百六十六条の三（これらの規定を同法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による子の監護に関する義務
      <sup>art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3</sup>
      the obligation concerning the custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 and Article 766-3 of the Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771, and Article 788 of that Code);
      <sup>machine translation, not official</sup>

      **ニ**  民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条までの規定による扶養の義務
      <sup>art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4</sup>
      the obligation of support under the provisions of Articles 877 through 880 of the Civil Code;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **ホ**  イからニまでに掲げる義務に類する義務であって、契約に基づくもの
      <sup>art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-5</sup>
      any obligation similar to those stated in sub-items (a) through (d) above, which are under a contract;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **五**  雇用関係に基づいて生じた使用人の請求権及び使用人の預り金の返還請求権
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-5</sup>
    a claim of an employee and a claim for return of an employee's deposit, which have arisen from an employment relationship;
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **六**  破産者が知りながら債権者名簿に記載しなかった請求権（当該破産者について破産手続開始の決定があったことを知っていた者の有する請求権を除く。）
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-6</sup>
    a claim that the bankrupt has not stated in the list of holders of dischargeable claims knowing its existence (excluding a claim held by a person that knew that an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings against the bankrupt has been made); or
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **七**  罰金等の請求権
    <sup>art-253/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-7</sup>
    a claim for a fine, etc.
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第二項**  免責許可の決定は、破産債権者が破産者の保証人その他破産者と共に債務を負担する者に対して有する権利及び破産者以外の者が破産債権者のために供した担保に影響を及ぼさない。
  <sup>art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-2</sup>
  An order to grant a discharge does not affect any rights held by bankruptcy creditors against the bankrupt's guarantor or any other person that owes debts jointly with the bankrupt and any security provided by persons other than the bankrupt in the interest of bankruptcy creditors.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第三項**  免責許可の決定が確定した場合において、破産債権者表があるときは、裁判所書記官は、これに免責許可の決定が確定した旨を記載しなければならない。
  <sup>art-253/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-3</sup>
  If an order to grant a discharge has become final and binding, when there is a schedule of bankruptcy creditors, the court clerk must enter in it to the effect that the order to grant a discharge has become final and binding.
  <sup>machine translation, not official</sup>

  **第四項**  第一項の規定にかかわらず、共助対象外国租税の請求権についての同項の規定による免責の効力は、租税条約等実施特例法第十一条第一項の規定による共助との関係においてのみ主張することができる。
  <sup>art-253/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-4</sup>
  Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the effect of discharge under the provisions of that paragraph with regard to a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance may be asserted only in relation to the mutual assistance under the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions for the Enforcement of Tax Treaties.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

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## Cites
- art-253/par-1/item-3: 前号 → 破産法 第二百五十三条第一項第二号 (Article 253, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-253/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-2
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-1: 民法第七百五十二条 → 民法 第七百五十二条 (Article 752), art-752 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-752 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-752
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-2: 民法第七百六十条 → 民法 第七百六十条 (Article 760), art-760 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-760 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-760
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 民法第七百六十六条 → 民法 第七百六十六条 (Article 766), art-766 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-766 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 第七百六十六条の三 → 民法 第七百六十六条の三 (Article 766-3), art-766-3 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-766-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 同法第七百四十九条 → 民法 第七百四十九条 (Article 749), art-749 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-749 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-749
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 第七百七十一条 → 民法 第七百七十一条 (Article 771), art-771 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-771 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-771
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-3: 第七百八十八条 → 民法 第七百八十八条 (Article 788), art-788 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-788
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4: 民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条まで → 民法 第八百七十七条 (Article 877), art-877 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-877 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-877
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4: 民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条まで → 民法 第八百七十八条 (Article 878), art-878 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-878 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-878
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4: 民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条まで → 民法 第八百七十九条 (Article 879), art-879 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-879 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-879
- art-253/par-1/item-4/sub-4: 民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条まで → 民法 第八百八十条 (Article 880), art-880 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/civil-code/art-880 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-880
- art-253/par-4: 第一項 → 破産法 第二百五十三条第一項 (Article 253, paragraph (1)), art-253/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1
- art-253/par-4: 租税条約等実施特例法第十一条第一項 → e-Gov law 344AC0000000046, 第十一条第一項 (Article 11, paragraph (1)), art-11/par-1 — not held in this collection

## Cited by

7 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction.

- 破産法 第二十四条第一項第六号（他の手続の中止命令等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-24/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-24/par-1/item-6
- 破産法 第二百四十九条第三項第一号（強制執行の禁止等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-249/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-249/par-3/item-1
- 破産法 第二百五十一条第一項（免責についての意見申述） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-251/par-1
- 破産法 第二百五十二条第一項第七号（免責許可の決定の要件等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-252/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-252/par-1/item-7
- 破産法 第二百五十三条第一項第三号（免責許可の決定の効力等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-1/item-3
- 破産法 第二百五十三条第四項（免責許可の決定の効力等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-253/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-253/par-4
- 破産法 第二百五十四条第七項（免責取消しの決定） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-254/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-254/par-7

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## Sources

- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 破産法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/416AC0000000075/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch bankruptcy-act-20261019T021325-003, translated 2026-10-19
- This site's parser, version 204 — 破産法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19