# 破産法 / Bankruptcy Act — 第十六条 (Article 16) - Law: 破産法 (Bankruptcy Act), 平成十六年法律第七十五号 - English title "Bankruptcy Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第十六条 (Article 16)（法人の破産手続開始の原因） — address `art-16` - Text in force since: 2026-05-21 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-16 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第十六条（法人の破産手続開始の原因） — (Cause of Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings Against Corporations) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-16 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16 **第一項** 債務者が法人である場合に関する前条第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「支払不能」とあるのは、「支払不能又は債務超過（債務者が、その債務につき、その財産をもって完済することができない状態をいう。）」とする。 art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-1 For the purpose of application of the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article when the debtor is a corporation, the term "unable to pay debts" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "unable to pay debts or insolvent (meaning the condition in which a debtor is unable to pay its debts in full with its property)". Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、存立中の合名会社及び合資会社には、適用しない。 art-16/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to any existing general partnership company or limited partnership company. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-16/par-1: 前条第一項 → 破産法 第十五条第一項 (Article 15, paragraph (1)), art-15/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-15/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-15/par-1 - art-16/par-2: 前項 → 破産法 第十六条第一項 (Article 16, paragraph (1)), art-16/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-1 ## Cited by 3 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 建物の区分所有等に関する法律 第四十七条第十項（成立等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/building-unit-ownership-act/art-47/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/337AC0000000069/art-47/par-10 - 破産法 第十六条第二項（法人の破産手続開始の原因） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/bankruptcy-act/art-16/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/416AC0000000075/art-16/par-2 - 社会保険労務士法 第二十五条の二十五第六項（一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律及び会社法の準用等） — https://japanlaw.org/ja/labor-and-social-security-attorney-act/art-25-25/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/343AC1000000089/art-25-25/par-6 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 破産法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/416AC0000000075/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Bankruptcy Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4895/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - This site's parser, version 204 — 破産法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19