# 学校教育法 / School Education Act — 第九章 (Chapter 9)
- Law: 学校教育法 (School Education Act), 昭和二十二年法律第二十六号
- English title "School Education Act": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第九章 (Chapter 9) — address `ch-9`
- Text: the text as amended with effect from 2026-12-25, standing until 2027-03-31 — NOT yet in force (revision 20261225_506AC0000000069)
- URL (this text's page, at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#ch-9
- The same address in the text in force (its wording there may differ): https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/ch-9
- Every provision below carries its address and its place on this text's page on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
The Ministry's English is given only where this text's Japanese is a wording
the Ministry translated — the same as the text in force, or for a text not yet
in force, a wording it translated ahead; every other paragraph's English is
machine translation.
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## 第九章 大学 — Chapter IX University
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
ch-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#ch-9
### 第八十三条
art-83 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83
**第一項** 大学は、学術の中心として、広く知識を授けるとともに、深く専門の学芸を教授研究し、知的、道徳的及び応用的能力を展開させることを目的とする。
art-83/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83/par-1
The purpose of universities, as the core of scholarly activities, are to have the purpose of broadly imparting knowledge, teaching and researching specialized arts and sciences in depth, and developing intellectual, moral, and practical abilities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 大学は、その目的を実現するための教育研究を行い、その成果を広く社会に提供することにより、社会の発展に寄与するものとする。
art-83/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83/par-2
Universities are to conduct education and research in order to realize those purposes, and contribute to the development of society by providing their results broadly in society.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十三条の二
art-83-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2
**第一項** 前条の大学のうち、深く専門の学芸を教授研究し、専門性が求められる職業を担うための実践的かつ応用的な能力を展開させることを目的とするものは、専門職大学とする。
art-83-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2/par-1
Among the universities in the preceding article, those which have the purpose of teaching and researching specialized arts and sciences in depth, and developing applied and practical abilities in order to take up occupations requiring expertise, are to be professional and vocational universities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 専門職大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、その専門性が求められる職業に就いている者、当該職業に関連する事業を行う者その他の関係者の協力を得て、教育課程を編成し、及び実施し、並びに教員の資質の向上を図るものとする。
art-83-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2/par-2
Professional and vocational universities are to make efforts to organize and implement curricula, and improve the quality of teachers, with the cooperation of relevant persons including persons holding down occupations requiring that expertise, and persons conducting businesses relating to the relevant occupations, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 専門職大学には、第八十七条第二項に規定する課程を置くことができない。
art-83-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2/par-3
Professional and vocational universities may not have courses pursuant to the provisions of Article 87, paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十四条
art-84 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-84
**第一項** 大学は、通信による教育を行うことができる。
art-84/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-84/par-1
Universities may provide education through correspondence courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十五条
art-85 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-85
**第一項** 大学には、学部を置くことを常例とする。ただし、当該大学の教育研究上の目的を達成するため有益かつ適切である場合においては、学部以外の教育研究上の基本となる組織を置くことができる。
art-85/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-85/par-1
Universities, as a rule, are to have faculties; provided, however, that they may have organizations other than faculties which form the basis of education and research, if it is beneficial and appropriate in order to achieve the purpose for education and research of the relevant universities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十六条
art-86 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-86
**第一項** 大学には、夜間において授業を行う学部又は通信による教育を行う学部を置くことができる。
art-86/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-86/par-1
Universities may have faculties providing night classes, or faculties providing education through correspondence courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十七条
art-87 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87
**第一項** 大学の修業年限は、四年とする。ただし、特別の専門事項を教授研究する学部及び前条の夜間において授業を行う学部については、その修業年限は、四年を超えるものとすることができる。
art-87/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-1
The course term for universities is to be 4 years; provided, however, that for faculties teaching and researching special professional matters, and faculties providing night classes referred to in the preceding article, their course terms may exceed 4 years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 医学を履修する課程、歯学を履修する課程、薬学を履修する課程のうち臨床に係る実践的な能力を培うことを主たる目的とするもの又は獣医学を履修する課程については、前項本文の規定にかかわらず、その修業年限は、六年とする。
art-87/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-2
Courses with the principal purpose of fostering clinical practical abilities or courses for veterinary studies, among courses for medicine, courses for dentistry, and courses for pharmacy, notwithstanding the provision of the main clause in the preceding paragraph, are to have a course term of 6 years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十七条の二
art-87-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2
**第一項** 専門職大学の課程は、これを前期二年の前期課程及び後期二年の後期課程又は前期三年の前期課程及び後期一年の後期課程（前条第一項ただし書の規定により修業年限を四年を超えるものとする学部にあつては、前期二年の前期課程及び後期二年以上の後期課程又は前期三年の前期課程及び後期一年以上の後期課程）に区分することができる。
art-87-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2/par-1
Courses in professional and vocational universities may be sectioned into 2 years of lower courses in the lower period and 2 years of upper courses in the upper period, or 3 years of lower courses in the lower period and 1 year of upper courses in the upper period (For faculties which are to have a course term exceeding 4 years pursuant to the provisions of the proviso in paragraph (1) of the preceding article; 2 years of lower courses in the lower period and 2 years or more of upper courses in the upper period, or 3 years of lower courses in the lower period and 1 year or more of upper courses in the upper period).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 専門職大学の前期課程における教育は、第八十三条の二第一項に規定する目的のうち、専門性が求められる職業を担うための実践的かつ応用的な能力を育成することを実現するために行われるものとする。
art-87-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2/par-2
Education in the lower courses of professional and vocational universities is to be provided in order to realize the nurturing of applied and practical abilities to take up occupations requiring professional expertise, among the purposes provided for in Article 83-2, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 専門職大学の後期課程における教育は、前期課程における教育の基礎の上に、第八十三条の二第一項に規定する目的を実現するために行われるものとする。
art-87-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2/par-3
Education in the upper courses of professional and vocational universities is to be provided on a foundation of education in the lower courses, in order to realize the purpose provided for in Article 83-2, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定により前期課程及び後期課程に区分された専門職大学の課程においては、当該前期課程を修了しなければ、当該前期課程から当該後期課程に進学することができないものとする。
art-87-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2/par-4
For courses for professional and vocational universities that are sectioned into lower courses and upper courses pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), it may not be possible to advance from the relevant lower courses to the relevant upper courses without completing the relevant lower courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八十八条
art-88 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-88
**第一項** 大学の学生以外の者として一の大学において一定の単位を修得した者が当該大学に入学する場合において、当該単位の修得により当該大学の教育課程の一部を履修したと認められるときは、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、修得した単位数その他の事項を勘案して大学が定める期間を修業年限に通算することができる。ただし、その期間は、当該大学の修業年限の二分の一を超えてはならない。
art-88/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-88/par-1
When a person who has obtained a certain amount of credits at a university other than as a student of the university is to enroll in that university, if they are deemed to have taken courses which are part of the curricula of the relevant university through obtaining the relevant credits, a period specified by the university considering matters including the number of credits obtained may be counted in the course term, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; provided, however, that that period may not exceed one half of the course term of the relevant university.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "When a person who has obtained a certain amount of credits in one university other than the university that person is to enroll, if they are deemed to have taken courses which are part of the curricula of the relevant university through obtaining the relevant credits, a period specified by the university considering matters including the number of credits obtained may be counted in the course term, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; provided, however, that that period may not exceed one half of the course term of the relevant universities." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb
### 第八十八条の二
art-88-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-88-2
**第一項** 専門性が求められる職業に係る実務の経験を通じて当該職業を担うための実践的な能力を修得した者が専門職大学等（専門職大学又は第百八条第四項に規定する目的をその目的とする大学（第百四条第五項及び第六項において「専門職短期大学」という。）をいう。以下同じ。）に入学する場合において、当該実践的な能力の修得により当該専門職大学等の教育課程の一部を履修したと認められるときは、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、修得した実践的な能力の水準その他の事項を勘案して専門職大学等が定める期間を修業年限に通算することができる。ただし、その期間は、当該専門職大学等の修業年限の二分の一を超えない範囲内で文部科学大臣の定める期間を超えてはならない。
art-88-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-88-2/par-1
When a person who has obtained practical abilities to take on the relevant occupations through work experience in an occupation requiring professional expertise is to enroll in professional and vocational universities, etc. (meaning a professional and vocational university or a university with a purpose which is a purpose pursuant to the provisions of Article 108, paragraph (4) (referred to in Article 104, paragraph (5) and paragraph (6) as a "professional and vocational junior college"); the same applies below), and if they are deemed to have taken courses which are part of the curricula of the relevant professional and vocational universities, etc., through obtaining the relevant practical abilities, a period specified by the professional and vocational universities, etc., considering matters including the level of practical abilities obtained may be counted in the course term, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; provided, however, that that period may not exceed the period prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, within a range not exceeding one half of the course term of the relevant professional and vocational universities, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "When a person who has obtained practical abilities to take on the relevant occupations through work experience in an occupation requiring professional expertise is to enroll in professional and vocational universities, etc. (meaning a university with a purpose which is a purpose pursuant to the provisions of Article 108, paragraph (4) (referred to in Article 104, paragraph (5) and paragraph (6) as a "professional and vocational junior college"); the same applies below), and if they are deemed to have taken courses which are part of the curricula of the relevant professional and vocational universities, etc., through obtaining the relevant practical abilities, a period specified by the professional and vocational universities, etc., considering matters including the level of practical abilities obtained may be counted in the course term, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; provided, however, that that period may not exceed the period prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, within a range not exceeding one half of the course term of the relevant professional and vocational universities, etc." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb
### 第八十九条
art-89 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-89
**第一項** 大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、当該大学の学生（第八十七条第二項に規定する課程に在学するものを除く。）で当該大学に三年（同条第一項ただし書の規定により修業年限を四年を超えるものとする学部の学生にあつては、三年以上で文部科学大臣の定める期間）以上在学したもの（これに準ずるものとして文部科学大臣の定める者を含む。）が、卒業の要件として当該大学の定める単位を優秀な成績で修得したと認める場合には、同項の規定にかかわらず、その卒業を認めることができる。
art-89/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-89/par-1
If it is found that students of the relevant universities (except persons who are attending courses prescribed in the provisions of Article 87, paragraph (2)) who have been in school for 3 years or more (For students of faculties which are to have a course term exceeding 4 years pursuant to the proviso in paragraph (1) of that article; a period of 3 years or more prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) (this includes persons prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, as an equivalent to this) have obtained, with excellent grades, the credits specified by the relevant universities as the requirement for graduation, their graduation may be allowed, notwithstanding the provision of that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十条
art-90 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90
**第一項** 大学に入学することのできる者は、高等学校若しくは中等教育学校を卒業した者若しくは通常の課程による十二年の学校教育を修了した者（通常の課程以外の課程によりこれに相当する学校教育を修了した者を含む。）又は文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、これと同等以上の学力があると認められた者とする。
art-90/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90/par-1
A person who may be enrolled in university, is a person who has graduated high school or secondary education school, or a person who has completed 12 years of school education through regular courses (this includes a person who has completed school education equivalent to this through courses other than the regular courses), or a person who is deemed to have the equivalent or greater scholastic ability, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、次の各号に該当する大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、高等学校に文部科学大臣の定める年数以上在学した者（これに準ずる者として文部科学大臣が定める者を含む。）であつて、当該大学の定める分野において特に優れた資質を有すると認めるものを、当該大学に入学させることができる。
art-90/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90/par-2
For universities falling under any of the following items, a person who has been in high school for the number of years or more as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (This includes a person prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, as an equivalent to this.), who is deemed to possess exceptional qualities in the fields specified by the relevant universities, may enroll in the relevant universities, notwithstanding the provisions referred to in the preceding paragraph:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 当該分野に関する教育研究が行われている大学院が置かれていること。
art-90/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90/par-2/item-1
having graduate schools where education and research relating to the relevant fields is being conducted;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 当該分野における特に優れた資質を有する者の育成を図るのにふさわしい教育研究上の実績及び指導体制を有すること。
art-90/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90/par-2/item-2
having education and research achievements and a guidance system appropriate for nurturing a person who possess exceptional qualities in the relevant fields.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十一条
art-91 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-91
**第一項** 大学には、専攻科及び別科を置くことができる。
art-91/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-91/par-1
Universities may have diploma courses and special courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 大学の専攻科は、大学を卒業した者又は文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、これと同等以上の学力があると認められた者に対して、精深な程度において、特別の事項を教授し、その研究を指導することを目的とし、その修業年限は、一年以上とする。
art-91/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-91/par-2
University diploma courses are to have the purpose of teaching persons who have graduated from university, or persons deemed to have the equivalent or greater scholastic ability as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, specialized matters, to a deep and detailed extent, as well as instructing their research, and the course term is to be 1 year or more.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 大学の別科は、前条第一項に規定する入学資格を有する者に対して、簡易な程度において、特別の技能教育を施すことを目的とし、その修業年限は、一年以上とする。
art-91/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-91/par-3
University special courses are to have the purpose of administering special skill education to a simple extent, to persons qualified to enroll pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and the course term is to be 1 year or more.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十二条
art-92 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92
**第一項** 大学には学長、教授、准教授、助教、助手及び事務職員を置かなければならない。ただし、教育研究上の組織編制として適切と認められる場合には、准教授、助教又は助手を置かないことができる。
art-92/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-1
Universities must have a principal, professors, associate professors, assistant professors, assistants, and administrative staff; provided, however, that if it is found to be appropriate as an education and research organization, it may choose not to have associate professors, assistant professors, or assistants.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 大学には、前項のほか、副学長、学部長、講師、技術職員その他必要な職員を置くことができる。
art-92/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-2
In addition to those referred to in the preceding paragraph, universities may also have a vice principal, dean, lecturers, technical staff, and other necessary staff.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 学長は、校務をつかさどり、所属職員を統督する。
art-92/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-3
The principal takes charge of school duties, and supervises staff members belonging to the university.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 副学長は、学長を助け、命を受けて校務をつかさどる。
art-92/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-4
The vice principal is to aid the principal, and take charge of school duties under its orders.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 学部長は、学部に関する校務をつかさどる。
art-92/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-5
The dean is to takes charge of school duties in the faculty.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 教授は、専攻分野について、教育上、研究上又は実務上の特に優れた知識、能力及び実績を有する者であつて、学生を教授し、その研究を指導し、又は研究に従事する。
art-92/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-6
Professors are persons who possess exceptional knowledge, abilities and accomplishments in education, research, or practice in their major field of study, and they are to teach students, give research guidance, or engage in research.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 准教授は、専攻分野について、教育上、研究上又は実務上の優れた知識、能力及び実績を有する者であつて、学生を教授し、その研究を指導し、又は研究に従事する。
art-92/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-7
Associate professors are persons who have excellent knowledge, abilities and accomplishments in education, research, or practice in their major field of study, and they are to teach students, give research guidance, or engage in research.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第八項** 助教は、専攻分野について、教育上、研究上又は実務上の知識及び能力を有する者であつて、学生を教授し、その研究を指導し、又は研究に従事する。
art-92/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-8
Assistant professors are persons who have knowledge and abilities in education, research, or practice in their major field of study, and they are to teach students, give research guidance, or engage in research.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第九項** 助手は、その所属する組織における教育研究の円滑な実施に必要な業務に従事する。
art-92/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-9
Assistants are to engage in operations necessary for the smooth implementation of education and research in the organization they belong to.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第十項** 講師は、教授又は准教授に準ずる職務に従事する。
art-92/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-10
Lecturers will engage in duties equivalent to those of professors or associate professors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十三条
art-93 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93
**第一項** 大学に、教授会を置く。
art-93/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-1
A university is to have a faculty council.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 教授会は、学長が次に掲げる事項について決定を行うに当たり意見を述べるものとする。
art-93/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2
The faculty council is to state their opinions when the principal makes decisions regarding the following matters:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 学生の入学、卒業及び課程の修了
art-93/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2/item-1
admittance, graduation, and completion of courses of students;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 学位の授与
art-93/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2/item-2
granting of degrees;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 前二号に掲げるもののほか、教育研究に関する重要な事項で、教授会の意見を聴くことが必要なものとして学長が定めるもの
art-93/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2/item-3
important matters related to education and research, which the principal prescribes as matters which requires hearing the opinion of the faculty council, beyond what is stated in the preceding two items.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 教授会は、前項に規定するもののほか、学長及び学部長その他の教授会が置かれる組織の長（以下この項において「学長等」という。）がつかさどる教育研究に関する事項について審議し、及び学長等の求めに応じ、意見を述べることができる。
art-93/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-3
In addition to what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, the faculty council may deliberate matters regarding education and research governed by the head of the organization (referred to below as "principal and other heads" in this paragraph) containing faculty councils, including the principal and chairperson, and may state opinions in compliance with the request of the principal and other heads.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The faculty council is to deliberate matters regarding education and research governed by the head of the organization (referred to below as "principal and other heads" in this paragraph) containing faculty councils, including the principal and chairperson, and may state opinions in compliance with the request of the principal and other heads." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb
**第四項** 教授会の組織には、准教授その他の職員を加えることができる。
art-93/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-4
Organizations of faculty councils may add staff, including associate professors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十四条
art-94 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-94
**第一項** 大学について第三条に規定する設置基準を定める場合及び第四条第五項に規定する基準を定める場合には、文部科学大臣は、審議会等で政令で定めるものに諮問しなければならない。
art-94/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-94/par-1
When prescribing standards of establishment for universities pursuant to the provisions of Article 3, and when prescribing standards pursuant to the provisions of Article 4, paragraph (5), the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology must conduct consultations with councils or other organizations prescribed by Cabinet Order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十五条
art-95 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-95
**第一項** 大学の設置の認可を行う場合及び大学に対し第四条第三項若しくは第十五条第二項若しくは第三項の規定による命令又は同条第一項の規定による勧告を行う場合には、文部科学大臣は、審議会等で政令で定めるものに諮問しなければならない。
art-95/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-95/par-1
When granting approval for the establishment of universities and when giving orders under the provisions of Article 4, paragraph (3), or Article 15, paragraph (2), or paragraph (3), or giving recommendations under the provisions of paragraph (1) of that article, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology must consult in councils or other organizations prescribed by Cabinet Order.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十六条
art-96 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-96
**第一項** 大学には、研究所その他の研究施設を附置することができる。
art-96/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-96/par-1
Research institutions including laboratories may be attached to universities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十七条
art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-97
**第一項** 大学には、大学院を置くことができる。
art-97/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-97/par-1
Universities may have graduate schools.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十八条
art-98 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-98
**第一項** 公立又は私立の大学は、文部科学大臣の所轄とする。
art-98/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-98/par-1
Public and private universities are to be under the management of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九十九条
art-99 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-99
**第一項** 大学院は、学術の理論及び応用を教授研究し、その深奥をきわめ、又は高度の専門性が求められる職業を担うための深い学識及び卓越した能力を培い、文化の進展に寄与することを目的とする。
art-99/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-99/par-1
Graduate school is to have the purpose of teaching and researching the theory and application of scholarly activities, mastering their profoundity, or fostering deep knowledge and outstanding abilities in order to take up occupations requiring high levels of expertise, and contribute to the advancement of culture.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 大学院のうち、学術の理論及び応用を教授研究し、高度の専門性が求められる職業を担うための深い学識及び卓越した能力を培うことを目的とするものは、専門職大学院とする。
art-99/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-99/par-2
Among graduate schools, those which are to have the purpose of teaching and researching the theory and application of scholarly activities, and fostering deep knowledge and outstanding abilities in order to take up occupations requiring high levels of expertise, are to be professional graduate schools.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 専門職大学院は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、その高度の専門性が求められる職業に就いている者、当該職業に関連する事業を行う者その他の関係者の協力を得て、教育課程を編成し、及び実施し、並びに教員の資質の向上を図るものとする。
art-99/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-99/par-3
Professional graduate schools are to make efforts to organize and implement curricula, and improve the quality of teachers, with the cooperation of relevant persons including persons holding down occupations requiring that high levels of expertise, and persons conducting businesses relating to the relevant occupations, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百条
art-100 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-100
**第一項** 大学院を置く大学には、研究科を置くことを常例とする。ただし、当該大学の教育研究上の目的を達成するため有益かつ適切である場合においては、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、研究科以外の教育研究上の基本となる組織を置くことができる。
art-100/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-100/par-1
Universities with a graduate school, as a rule, are to have academic units; provided, however, that there may be organizations other than graduate programs which will form the basis of education and research, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, if it is beneficial and appropriate in order to achieve the education and research purposes of the relevant universities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百一条
art-101 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-101
**第一項** 大学院を置く大学には、夜間において授業を行う研究科又は通信による教育を行う研究科を置くことができる。
art-101/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-101/par-1
Universities with graduate schools may have graduate programs for providing night classes, or graduate programs providing education through correspondence courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百二条
art-102 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-102
**第一項** 大学院に入学することのできる者は、第八十三条の大学を卒業した者又は文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、これと同等以上の学力があると認められた者とする。ただし、研究科の教育研究上必要がある場合においては、当該研究科に係る入学資格を、修士の学位若しくは第百四条第三項に規定する文部科学大臣の定める学位を有する者又は文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、これと同等以上の学力があると認められた者とすることができる。
art-102/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-102/par-1
Persons who may be enrolled in graduate schools are persons who have graduated from universities as referred to in Article 83, or persons who are deemed to have the equivalent or greater scholastic ability pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; provided, however, that when there is a necessity in graduate program education and research, a person possessing a master's degree or a degree prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as provided for in the provisions of Article 104, paragraph (3), or a person who is deemed to have the equivalent or greater scholastic ability, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, may qualify for admittance to the relevant graduate program.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項本文の規定にかかわらず、大学院を置く大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、第八十三条の大学に文部科学大臣の定める年数以上在学した者（これに準ずる者として文部科学大臣が定める者を含む。）であつて、当該大学院を置く大学の定める単位を優秀な成績で修得したと認めるもの（当該単位の修得の状況及びこれに準ずるものとして文部科学大臣が定めるものに基づき、これと同等以上の能力及び資質を有すると認めるものを含む。）を、当該大学院に入学させることができる。
art-102/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-102/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the main clause of the preceding paragraph, for universities with graduate schools, a person who has been enrolled in the universities referred to in Article 83, as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, for the number of years or more as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (This includes a person prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, as an equivalent to this), and a person found to have obtained the credits prescribed by universities with the relevant graduate schools with excellent grades (This includes a person found to possess equivalent or greater abilities and qualities, on the basis of what is prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as the state of obtaining the relevant credits and what is equivalent to this), may be enrolled in the relevant graduate schools.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "For universities with graduate schools, a person who has been enrolled in the universities referred to in Article 83, as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, for the number of years or more as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (This includes a person prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, as an equivalent to this), and a person found to have obtained the credits prescribed by universities with the relevant graduate schools with excellent grades (This includes a person found to possess equivalent or greater abilities and qualities, on the basis of what is prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as the state of obtaining the relevant credits and what is equivalent to this), may be enrolled in the relevant graduate schools." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb
### 第百三条
art-103 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-103
**第一項** 教育研究上特別の必要がある場合においては、第八十五条の規定にかかわらず、学部を置くことなく大学院を置くものを大学とすることができる。
art-103/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-103/par-1
If there is a special necessity for education and research, a graduate school may be referred to as a university without having faculties, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 85.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百四条
art-104 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104
**第一項** 大学（専門職大学及び第百八条第二項の大学（以下この条において「短期大学」という。）を除く。以下この項及び第七項において同じ。）は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、大学を卒業した者に対し、学士の学位を授与するものとする。
art-104/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-1
Universities (except professional and vocational universities and universities in Article 108, paragraph (2) (referred to below as "junior college" in this article); the same applies below in this paragraph and paragraph (7)) are to grant a bachelor's degree to persons who have graduated from university, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 専門職大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、専門職大学を卒業した者（第八十七条の二第一項の規定によりその課程を前期課程及び後期課程に区分している専門職大学にあつては、前期課程を修了した者を含む。）に対し、文部科学大臣の定める学位を授与するものとする。
art-104/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-2
Professional and vocational universities are to grant a degree as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to a person who has graduated from professional and vocational university (for professional and vocational universities with courses sectioned into lower courses and upper courses pursuant to the provisions of Article 87-2, paragraph (1); this includes a person who has completed the lower courses), as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 大学院を置く大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、大学院（専門職大学院を除く。）の課程を修了した者に対し修士又は博士の学位を、専門職大学院の課程を修了した者に対し文部科学大臣の定める学位を授与するものとする。
art-104/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-3
Universities with graduate schools are to grant a master's degree or doctoral degree to a person who has completed graduate school (except professional graduate schools) courses, and a degree as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to a person who has completed professional graduate school courses, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 大学院を置く大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、前項の規定により博士の学位を授与された者と同等以上の学力があると認める者に対し、博士の学位を授与することができる。
art-104/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-4
Universities with graduate schools may grant a doctoral degree to a person who is deemed to have equivalent or greater scholastic ability as those who were granted a doctoral degree pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 短期大学（専門職短期大学を除く。以下この項において同じ。）は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、短期大学を卒業した者に対し、短期大学士の学位を授与するものとする。
art-104/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-5
Junior Colleges (except professional and vocational junior colleges; the same applies below in this paragraph) are to grant an associate degree to a person who has graduated from junior college, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 専門職短期大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、専門職短期大学を卒業した者に対し、文部科学大臣の定める学位を授与するものとする。
art-104/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-6
Professional and vocational junior colleges are to grant a degree as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to a person who has graduated from professional and vocational junior college, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 独立行政法人大学改革支援・学位授与機構は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、次の各号に掲げる者に対し、当該各号に定める学位を授与するものとする。
art-104/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-7
National Institution for Academic Degrees and Quality Enhancement of Higher Education is to grant degrees in each of the following relevant items, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 短期大学（専門職大学の前期課程を含む。）若しくは高等専門学校を卒業した者（専門職大学の前期課程にあつては、修了した者）又はこれに準ずる者で、大学における一定の単位の修得又はこれに相当するものとして文部科学大臣の定める学習を行い、大学を卒業した者と同等以上の学力を有すると認める者 学士
art-104/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-7/item-1
a person who has graduated from Junior College (this includes the lower courses of professional and vocational universities) or a college of technology (for the lower courses of professional and vocational universities, a person who has completed them), or a person equivalent to this who has obtained a certain amount of credit in university or its equivalent by performing studies as prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology:bachelor's degree;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 学校以外の教育施設で学校教育に類する教育を行うもののうち当該教育を行うにつき他の法律に特別の規定があるものに置かれる課程で、大学又は大学院に相当する教育を行うと認めるものを修了した者 学士、修士又は博士
art-104/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-7/item-2
a person who has completed what is deemed to be education provided as equivalent to university or graduate school, in courses with special regulations within other laws for providing relevant education, out of providing education similar to school education in educational facilities other than a school:bachelor's degree, master's degree, or doctoral degree.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第八項** 学位に関する事項を定めるについては、文部科学大臣は、第九十四条の政令で定める審議会等に諮問しなければならない。
art-104/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-8
When prescribing matters regarding degrees, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology must hold consultation with councils or other organizations as prescribed by Cabinet Order in Article 94 of this Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百五条
art-105 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-105
**第一項** 大学は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、当該大学の学生以外の者を対象とした特別の課程を編成し、これを修了した者に対し、修了の事実を証する証明書を交付することができる。
art-105/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-105/par-1
Universities may organize special courses targeted at persons other than students of the relevant university, and they may issue a certificate to persons who have completed those courses, as testament to the fact of completion, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百六条
art-106 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-106
**第一項** 大学は、当該大学に学長、副学長、学部長、教授、准教授又は講師として勤務した者であつて、教育上又は学術上特に功績のあつた者に対し、当該大学の定めるところにより、名誉教授の称号を授与することができる。
art-106/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-106/par-1
Universities may grant the title of emeritus professor to persons who have worked as the principal, vice-principal, dean, professors, and associate professors or lecturers, who have special educational or scholastic achievements as provided for by the relevant university.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百七条
art-107 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-107
**第一項** 大学においては、公開講座の施設を設けることができる。
art-107/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-107/par-1
A university may establish facilities for extension courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 公開講座に関し必要な事項は、文部科学大臣が、これを定める。
art-107/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-107/par-2
The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is to prescribe the necessary matters concerning extension courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八条
art-108 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108
**第一項** 大学は、第八十三条第一項に規定する目的に代えて、深く専門の学芸を教授研究し、職業又は実際生活に必要な能力を育成することを主な目的とすることができる。
art-108/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-1
Universities may teach and research specialized arts and sciences deeply, and have the nurturing of abilities necessary for occupational or actual life as a principal purpose, in place of the purposes provided in Article 83, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する目的をその目的とする大学は、第八十七条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その修業年限を二年又は三年とする。
art-108/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
For universities with the purpose prescribed in the preceding paragraph as its purpose, their course term is to be 2 years or 3 years, notwithstanding the provisions prescribed in Article 87, paragraph (1).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の大学は、短期大学と称する。
art-108/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-3
Universities referred to in the preceding paragraph are to be called junior colleges.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二項の大学のうち、深く専門の学芸を教授研究し、専門性が求められる職業を担うための実践的かつ応用的な能力を育成することを目的とするものは、専門職短期大学とする。
art-108/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-4
Of the universities referred to in paragraph (2), those which are to have the purpose of teaching and researching specialized arts and sciences in depth, and nurturing applied and practical abilities in order to take up occupations requiring expertise, are to be professional and vocational junior colleges.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 第八十三条の二第二項の規定は、前項の大学に準用する。
art-108/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-5
The regulations provided in Article 83-2, paragraph (2) applies mutatis mutandis to the universities referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第二項の大学には、第八十五条及び第八十六条の規定にかかわらず、学部を置かないものとする。
art-108/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-6
The universities in paragraph (2) will not have faculties, notwithstanding the provision of Article 85 and Article 86.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 第二項の大学には、学科を置く。
art-108/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-7
The universities in paragraph (2) will have departments.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第八項** 第二項の大学には、夜間において授業を行う学科又は通信による教育を行う学科を置くことができる。
art-108/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-8
The universities in paragraph (2) may have departments providing night classes, or departments providing education through correspondence courses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第九項** 第二項の大学を卒業した者は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、第八十三条の大学に編入学することができる。
art-108/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-9
A person who has graduated from the universities in paragraph (2) may, pursuant to the provisions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, transfer to the universities referred to in Article 83.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第十項** 第九十七条の規定は、第二項の大学については適用しない。
art-108/par-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-10
The provisions referred to in Article 97 does not apply to universities in paragraph (2).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九条
art-109 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109
**第一項** 大学は、その教育研究水準の向上に資するため、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、当該大学の教育及び研究、組織及び運営並びに施設及び設備（次項及び第五項において「教育研究等」という。）の状況について自ら点検及び評価を行い、その結果を公表するものとする。
art-109/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-1
Universities are to conduct self-inspection and self-evaluation of the state of education and research, organizations and management, and facilities and equipment (referred to as "educational research, etc." in the following paragraph and paragraph (5)), and publicize the results in order to contribute to the improvement of standards of their education and research, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 大学は、前項の措置に加え、当該大学の教育研究等の総合的な状況について、政令で定める期間ごとに、文部科学大臣の認証を受けた者（以下「認証評価機関」という。）による評価（以下「認証評価」という。）を受けるものとする。ただし、認証評価機関が存在しない場合その他特別の事由がある場合であつて、文部科学大臣の定める措置を講じているときは、この限りでない。
art-109/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-2
Universities are to receive evaluations (referred to below as "certified evaluation") by persons that have received certification from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (referred to below as "certified evaluation agency"), regarding the comprehensive state of educational research, etc. in the relevant universities, in addition to the measures referred to in the preceding paragraph, in each period prescribed by Cabinet Order; provided, however, that this does not apply if a certified evaluation agency does not exist, or there are other special reasons, and measures prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology are being taken.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 専門職大学等又は専門職大学院を置く大学にあつては、前項に規定するもののほか、当該専門職大学等又は専門職大学院の設置の目的に照らし、当該専門職大学等又は専門職大学院の教育課程、教員組織その他教育研究活動の状況について、政令で定める期間ごとに、認証評価を受けるものとする。ただし、当該専門職大学等又は専門職大学院の課程に係る分野について認証評価を行う認証評価機関が存在しない場合その他特別の事由がある場合であつて、文部科学大臣の定める措置を講じているときは、この限りでない。
art-109/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-3
For professional and vocational universities and universities with professional graduate schools, in light of the purposes of establishment of the relevant professional and vocational universities and professional graduate schools, the state of curricula, teacher organizations, and other education and research activities in the relevant professional and vocational universities and professional graduate schools are to receive certified evaluation in each period prescribed by Cabinet Order, beyond what is provided for in the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply if a certified evaluation agency conducting certified evaluations in fields relating to courses in the relevant professional and vocational universities and professional graduate schools does not exist, or there are other special reasons, and measures prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology are being taken.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前二項の認証評価は、大学からの求めにより、大学評価基準（前二項の認証評価を行うために認証評価機関が定める基準をいう。以下この条及び次条において同じ。）に従つて行うものとする。
art-109/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-4
The certified evaluation in the preceding two paragraphs is to be conducted in accordance with the university evaluation standard, (meaning the standards specified by the certified evaluation agency in order to conduct the certified evaluation in the preceding two paragraphs; the same applies below in this article and the following article) upon request from universities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第二項及び第三項の認証評価においては、それぞれの認証評価の対象たる教育研究等状況（第二項に規定する大学の教育研究等の総合的な状況及び第三項に規定する専門職大学等又は専門職大学院の教育課程、教員組織その他教育研究活動の状況をいう。次項及び第七項において同じ。）が大学評価基準に適合しているか否かの認定を行うものとする。
art-109/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-5
For the certified evaluations in paragraph (2) and paragraph (3), certifications are to be conducted for whether or not the state of education and research (this refers to the comprehensive state of education and research, etc. in the universities under the provisions in paragraph (2) and the state of curricula, teacher organizations, and other education and research activities in professional and vocational universities and professional graduate schools pursuant to the provisions in paragraph (3). The same applies in the following paragraph and paragraph (7)) subject to the respective certified evaluations are compliant with the university evaluation standard.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 大学は、教育研究等状況について大学評価基準に適合している旨の認証評価機関の認定（次項において「適合認定」という。）を受けるよう、その教育研究水準の向上に努めなければならない。
art-109/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-6
Universities must work towards improving the education and research standards, in order to receive the certification of the certified evaluation agency (referred to in the next paragraph as "compliance certification") expressing that the state of education and research, etc. is compliant with the university evaluation standards.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 文部科学大臣は、大学が教育研究等状況について適合認定を受けられなかつたときは、当該大学に対し、当該大学の教育研究等状況について、報告又は資料の提出を求めるものとする。
art-109/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-7
When universities cannot receive compliance certification for the state of education and research etc., the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is to request that the relevant universities submit a report or documents regarding the state of education and research, etc. in the relevant universities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十条
art-110 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110
**第一項** 認証評価機関になろうとする者は、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、申請により、文部科学大臣の認証を受けることができる。
art-110/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-1
A person that seeks to become a certified evaluation agency may receive certification from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology upon application, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 文部科学大臣は、前項の規定による認証の申請が次の各号のいずれにも適合すると認めるときは、その認証をするものとする。
art-110/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2
When the applications for certification under the provisions of the preceding paragraph are deemed compliant with each of the following items, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is to give that certification:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 大学評価基準及び評価方法が認証評価を適確に行うに足りるものであること。
art-110/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-1
that the university evaluation standard and the evaluation method are sufficient for conducting the certified evaluation properly;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 認証評価の公正かつ適確な実施を確保するために必要な体制が整備されていること。
art-110/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-2
that a system necessary in order to secure fair and proper implementation of the certified evaluation is maintained;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 第四項に規定する措置（同項に規定する通知を除く。）の前に認証評価の結果に係る大学からの意見の申立ての機会を付与していること。
art-110/par-2/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-3
that an opportunity to present opinions from universities related to the results of the certified evaluation is granted, before the measures pursuant to the provisions in paragraph (4) are taken (except for notices provided in the same paragraph);
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 認証評価を適確かつ円滑に行うに必要な経理的基礎を有する法人（人格のない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めのあるものを含む。次号において同じ。）であること。
art-110/par-2/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-4
that a corporation (this includes an association or foundation without legal personality, with a defined representative or administrator. The same applies in the following item) possesses the accounting fundamentals necessary for conducting the certified evaluation in a proper and smooth manner;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**五** 次条第二項の規定により認証を取り消され、その取消しの日から二年を経過しない法人でないこと。
art-110/par-2/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-5
that it is not a corporation whose certification has been revoked as prescribed in paragraph (2) of the following article, and that 2 years have not elapsed since the day of revocation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**六** その他認証評価の公正かつ適確な実施に支障を及ぼすおそれがないこと。
art-110/par-2/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-6
that there are no other risks of hindering the fair and proper implementation of certified evaluations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する基準を適用するに際して必要な細目は、文部科学大臣が、これを定める。
art-110/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-3
The details necessary when applying the standards prescribed in the preceding paragraph are to be specified by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 認証評価機関は、認証評価を行つたときは、遅滞なく、その結果を大学に通知するとともに、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、これを公表し、かつ、文部科学大臣に報告しなければならない。
art-110/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-4
When conducting certified evaluation, the certified evaluation agency must notify the university of the result without delay, publicize this, and it must also report to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, as provided for by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 認証評価機関は、大学評価基準、評価方法その他文部科学大臣の定める事項を変更しようとするとき、又は認証評価の業務の全部若しくは一部を休止若しくは廃止しようとするときは、あらかじめ、文部科学大臣に届け出なければならない。
art-110/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-5
When intending to change matters prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, including the university evaluation standard and method of evaluation, or intending to suspend or abolish all or part of certified evaluation duties, the certified evaluation agency must notify the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in advance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 文部科学大臣は、認証評価機関の認証をしたとき、又は前項の規定による届出があつたときは、その旨を官報で公示しなければならない。
art-110/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-6
When certifying the certified evaluation agency, or when there is a notification under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it must be publicly notified in an official gazette.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十一条
art-111 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111
**第一項** 文部科学大臣は、認証評価の公正かつ適確な実施が確保されないおそれがあると認めるときは、認証評価機関に対し、必要な報告又は資料の提出を求めることができる。
art-111/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111/par-1
When the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology finds there is a risk that fair and proper implementation of the certified evaluation may not be secured, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may request the certified evaluation agency to submit the required report or documents.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 文部科学大臣は、認証評価機関が前項の求めに応じず、若しくは虚偽の報告若しくは資料の提出をしたとき、又は前条第二項及び第三項の規定に適合しなくなつたと認めるときその他認証評価の公正かつ適確な実施に著しく支障を及ぼす事由があると認めるときは、当該認証評価機関に対してこれを改善すべきことを求め、及びその求めによつてもなお改善されないときは、その認証を取り消すことができる。
art-111/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111/par-2
When the certified evaluation agency does not respond to the request referred to in the preceding paragraph, or it submits a false report or documents, or if the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology finds it is no longer compliant with the provisions of paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of the preceding article, or otherwise finds grounds for extreme hindering to the fair and proper implementation of the certified evaluation, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may request the relevant certified evaluation agency to remedy this, and when it is not remedied by that request, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may revoke that certification.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 文部科学大臣は、前項の規定により認証評価機関の認証を取り消したときは、その旨を官報で公示しなければならない。
art-111/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111/par-3
When the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology revokes the certification of a certified evaluation agency pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it must be publicly notified in an official gazette.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十二条
art-112 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-112
**第一項** 文部科学大臣は、次に掲げる場合には、第九十四条の政令で定める審議会等に諮問しなければならない。
art-112/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-112/par-1
For the following cases, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology must hold consultations with councils or other organizations prescribed by Cabinet Order in Article 94 of this Act:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 認証評価機関の認証をするとき。
art-112/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-112/par-1/item-1
when certifying a certified evaluation agency;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 第百十条第三項の細目を定めるとき。
art-112/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-112/par-1/item-2
when specifying details in Article 110, paragraph (3);
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 認証評価機関の認証を取り消すとき。
art-112/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-112/par-1/item-3
when revoking the certification of a certified evaluation agency.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十三条
art-113 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-113
**第一項** 大学は、教育研究の成果の普及及び活用の促進に資するため、その教育研究活動の状況を公表するものとする。
art-113/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-113/par-1
Universities are to publicize the state of education and research activities, in order to contribute to the dissemination of education and research results, and promotion of their utilization.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百十四条
art-114 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-114
**第一項** 第三十七条第十五項及び第六十条第六項の規定は、大学に準用する。
art-114/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-114/par-1
Provisions of Article 37, paragraph (15), and Article 60, paragraph (6) apply mutatis mutandis to universities.
machine translation, not official
---
## Cites
- art-83-2/par-1: 前条 → 学校教育法 第八十三条 (Article 83), art-83 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83
- art-83-2/par-3: 第八十七条第二項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条第二項 (Article 87, paragraph (2)), art-87/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-2
- art-87/par-1: 前条 → 学校教育法 第八十六条 (Article 86), art-86 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-86
- art-87/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条第一項 (Article 87, paragraph (1)), art-87/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-1
- art-87-2/par-1: 前条第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条第一項 (Article 87, paragraph (1)), art-87/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-1
- art-87-2/par-2: 第八十三条の二第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十三条の二第一項 (Article 83-2, paragraph (1)), art-83-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2/par-1
- art-87-2/par-3: 第八十三条の二第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十三条の二第一項 (Article 83-2, paragraph (1)), art-83-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2/par-1
- art-87-2/par-4: 第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条の二第一項 (Article 87-2, paragraph (1)), art-87-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2/par-1
- art-88-2/par-1: 第百八条第四項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第四項 (Article 108, paragraph (4)), art-108/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-4
- art-88-2/par-1: 第百四条第五項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第五項 (Article 104, paragraph (5)), art-104/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-5
- art-88-2/par-1: 第六項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第六項 (Article 104, paragraph (6)), art-104/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-6
- art-89/par-1: 第八十七条第二項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条第二項 (Article 87, paragraph (2)), art-87/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-2
- art-89/par-1: 同条第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条第一項 (Article 87, paragraph (1)), art-87/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-1
- art-90/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第九十条第一項 (Article 90, paragraph (1)), art-90/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90/par-1
- art-91/par-3: 前条第一項 → 学校教育法 第九十条第一項 (Article 90, paragraph (1)), art-90/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-90/par-1
- art-92/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第九十二条第一項 (Article 92, paragraph (1)), art-92/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-92/par-1
- art-93/par-2/item-3: 前二号 → 学校教育法 第九十三条第二項第一号 (Article 93, paragraph (2), item (i)), art-93/par-2/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2/item-1
- art-93/par-2/item-3: 前二号 → 学校教育法 第九十三条第二項第二号 (Article 93, paragraph (2), item (ii)), art-93/par-2/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2/item-2
- art-93/par-3: 前項 → 学校教育法 第九十三条第二項 (Article 93, paragraph (2)), art-93/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-2
- art-93/par-3: この項 → 学校教育法 第九十三条第三項 (Article 93, paragraph (3)), art-93/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-93/par-3
- art-94/par-1: 第三条 → 学校教育法 第三条 (Article 3), art-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-1#art-3
- art-94/par-1: 第四条第五項 → 学校教育法 第四条第五項 (Article 4, paragraph (5)), art-4/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-1#art-4/par-5
- art-95/par-1: 第四条第三項 → 学校教育法 第四条第三項 (Article 4, paragraph (3)), art-4/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-1#art-4/par-3
- art-95/par-1: 第十五条第二項 → 学校教育法 第十五条第二項 (Article 15, paragraph (2)), art-15/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-1#art-15/par-2
- art-95/par-1: 第三項 → 学校教育法 第十五条第三項 (Article 15, paragraph (3)), art-15/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-1#art-15/par-3
- art-95/par-1: 同条第一項 → 学校教育法 第十五条第一項 (Article 15, paragraph (1)), art-15/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-1#art-15/par-1
- art-102/par-1: 第八十三条 → 学校教育法 第八十三条 (Article 83), art-83 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83
- art-102/par-1: 第百四条第三項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第三項 (Article 104, paragraph (3)), art-104/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-3
- art-102/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百二条第一項 (Article 102, paragraph (1)), art-102/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-102/par-1
- art-102/par-2: 第八十三条 → 学校教育法 第八十三条 (Article 83), art-83 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83
- art-103/par-1: 第八十五条 → 学校教育法 第八十五条 (Article 85), art-85 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-85
- art-104/par-1: 第百八条第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-104/par-1: この条 → 学校教育法 第百四条 (Article 104), art-104 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104
- art-104/par-1: この項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第一項 (Article 104, paragraph (1)), art-104/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-1
- art-104/par-1: 第七項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第七項 (Article 104, paragraph (7)), art-104/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-7
- art-104/par-2: 第八十七条の二第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条の二第一項 (Article 87-2, paragraph (1)), art-87-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87-2/par-1
- art-104/par-4: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第三項 (Article 104, paragraph (3)), art-104/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-3
- art-104/par-5: この項 → 学校教育法 第百四条第五項 (Article 104, paragraph (5)), art-104/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-104/par-5
- art-104/par-8: 第九十四条 → 学校教育法 第九十四条 (Article 94), art-94 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-94
- art-108/par-1: 第八十三条第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十三条第一項 (Article 83, paragraph (1)), art-83/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83/par-1
- art-108/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第一項 (Article 108, paragraph (1)), art-108/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-1
- art-108/par-2: 第八十七条第一項 → 学校教育法 第八十七条第一項 (Article 87, paragraph (1)), art-87/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-87/par-1
- art-108/par-3: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-108/par-4: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-108/par-5: 第八十三条の二第二項 → 学校教育法 第八十三条の二第二項 (Article 83-2, paragraph (2)), art-83-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83-2/par-2
- art-108/par-5: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第四項 (Article 108, paragraph (4)), art-108/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-4
- art-108/par-6: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-108/par-6: 第八十五条 → 学校教育法 第八十五条 (Article 85), art-85 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-85
- art-108/par-6: 第八十六条 → 学校教育法 第八十六条 (Article 86), art-86 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-86
- art-108/par-7: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-108/par-8: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-108/par-9: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-108/par-9: 第八十三条 → 学校教育法 第八十三条 (Article 83), art-83 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-83#art-83
- art-108/par-10: 第九十七条 → 学校教育法 第九十七条 (Article 97), art-97 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-97
- art-108/par-10: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百八条第二項 (Article 108, paragraph (2)), art-108/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-108/par-2
- art-109/par-1: 次項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第二項 (Article 109, paragraph (2)), art-109/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-2
- art-109/par-1: 第五項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第五項 (Article 109, paragraph (5)), art-109/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-5
- art-109/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第一項 (Article 109, paragraph (1)), art-109/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-1
- art-109/par-3: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第二項 (Article 109, paragraph (2)), art-109/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-2
- art-109/par-4: 前二項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第二項 (Article 109, paragraph (2)), art-109/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-2
- art-109/par-4: 前二項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第三項 (Article 109, paragraph (3)), art-109/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-3
- art-109/par-4: この条 → 学校教育法 第百九条 (Article 109), art-109 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109
- art-109/par-4: 次条 → 学校教育法 第百十条 (Article 110), art-110 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110
- art-109/par-5: 第二項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第二項 (Article 109, paragraph (2)), art-109/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-2
- art-109/par-5: 第三項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第三項 (Article 109, paragraph (3)), art-109/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-3
- art-109/par-5: 次項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第六項 (Article 109, paragraph (6)), art-109/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-6
- art-109/par-5: 第七項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第七項 (Article 109, paragraph (7)), art-109/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-7
- art-109/par-6: 次項 → 学校教育法 第百九条第七項 (Article 109, paragraph (7)), art-109/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-109/par-7
- art-110/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第一項 (Article 110, paragraph (1)), art-110/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-1
- art-110/par-2/item-3: 第四項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第四項 (Article 110, paragraph (4)), art-110/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-4
- art-110/par-2/item-4: 次号 → 学校教育法 第百十条第二項第五号 (Article 110, paragraph (2), item (v)), art-110/par-2/item-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2/item-5
- art-110/par-2/item-5: 次条第二項 → 学校教育法 第百十一条第二項 (Article 111, paragraph (2)), art-111/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111/par-2
- art-110/par-3: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第二項 (Article 110, paragraph (2)), art-110/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2
- art-110/par-6: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第五項 (Article 110, paragraph (5)), art-110/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-5
- art-111/par-2: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百十一条第一項 (Article 111, paragraph (1)), art-111/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111/par-1
- art-111/par-2: 前条第二項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第二項 (Article 110, paragraph (2)), art-110/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-2
- art-111/par-2: 第三項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第三項 (Article 110, paragraph (3)), art-110/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-3
- art-111/par-3: 前項 → 学校教育法 第百十一条第二項 (Article 111, paragraph (2)), art-111/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-111/par-2
- art-112/par-1: 第九十四条 → 学校教育法 第九十四条 (Article 94), art-94 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-93#art-94
- art-112/par-1/item-2: 第百十条第三項 → 学校教育法 第百十条第三項 (Article 110, paragraph (3)), art-110/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-9/from-art-107#art-110/par-3
- art-114/par-1: 第三十七条第十五項 → 学校教育法 第三十七条第十五項 (Article 37, paragraph (15)), art-37/par-15 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-4#art-37/par-15
- art-114/par-1: 第六十条第六項 → 学校教育法 第六十条第六項 (Article 60, paragraph (6)), art-60/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/school-education-act/amendments/20261225_506AC0000000069/text/ch-6#art-60/par-6
---
## Sources
- claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-19
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 学校教育法 — the text as 令和六年法律第六十九号 leaves it, from 2026-12-25 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/322AC0000000026/20261225_506AC0000000069), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — School Education Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — School Education Act (学校教育法), Article 102, paragraph (2) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — School Education Act (学校教育法), Article 88-2, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — School Education Act (学校教育法), Article 88, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — School Education Act (学校教育法), Article 93, paragraph (3) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4743/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch school-education-act-20261019T141625-001, translated 2026-10-19
- claude-sonnet-5-5, corrected on review by claude-opus-5-5 — Machine translation corrected on review, batch school-education-act-20261019T141625-001, translated 2026-10-19
- This site's parser, version 210 — 学校教育法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19