# 個人情報の保護に関する法律 / Act on the Protection of Personal Information — 第七十八条 (Article 78)

- Law: 個人情報の保護に関する法律 (Act on the Protection of Personal Information), 平成十五年法律第五十七号
- English title "Act on the Protection of Personal Information": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第七十八条 (Article 78)（保有個人情報の開示義務） — address `art-78`
- Text in force since: 2026-10-01
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.

Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.

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### 第七十八条（保有個人情報の開示義務） — (Obligation to Disclose Personal Information an Administrative Entity Holds)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-78 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78</sup>

    **第一項**  行政機関の長等は、開示請求があったときは、開示請求に係る保有個人情報に次の各号に掲げる情報（以下この節において「不開示情報」という。）のいずれかが含まれている場合を除き、開示請求者に対し、当該保有個人情報を開示しなければならない。
    <sup>art-78/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1</sup>
    If a request for disclosure is filed, unless any of the information listed in each of the following items (hereinafter referred to as "non-disclosure information" in this Section) is recorded in the personal information the administrative entity holds which is subject to the request for disclosure, the administrative organ's head or administrative entity must disclose that information to the person requesting disclosure:
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **一**  開示請求者（第七十六条第二項の規定により代理人が本人に代わって開示請求をする場合にあっては、当該本人をいう。次号及び第三号、次条第二項並びに第八十六条第一項において同じ。）の生命、健康、生活又は財産を害するおそれがある情報
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-1</sup>
      information that is likely to cause harm to the life, wellbeing, livelihood or property of the person requesting disclosure (or of the identifiable person, if an agent makes a request for disclosure on behalf of that person pursuant to Article 76, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following item and item (iii) of this Article, paragraph (2) of the following Article, and Article 86, paragraph (1));
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "information that is likely to cause harm to the life, wellbeing, livelihood or property of the person requesting disclosure (or of the identifiable person, if an agent makes a request for disclosure on behalf of that person pursuant to Article 76, paragraph (2); the same applies in the following item and item (iii) of this Article, paragraph (2) of the following Article, and Article 80, paragraph (1));" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4241/tb</sup>

      **二**  開示請求者以外の個人に関する情報（事業を営む個人の当該事業に関する情報を除く。）であって、当該情報に含まれる氏名、生年月日その他の記述等により開示請求者以外の特定の個人を識別することができるもの（他の情報と照合することにより、開示請求者以外の特定の個人を識別することができることとなるものを含む。）若しくは個人識別符号が含まれるもの又は開示請求者以外の特定の個人を識別することはできないが、開示することにより、なお開示請求者以外の個人の権利利益を害するおそれがあるもの。ただし、次に掲げる情報を除く。
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-2</sup>
      Information concerning an individual other than the person requesting disclosure (excluding information concerning the business conducted by an individual) by which a specific individual other than the person requesting disclosure is identifiable from a name, date of birth or other identifiers or their equivalent contained in that information (including cases in which it is possible to identify a specific individual other than the person requesting disclosure through comparing that information with other information); which contains an individual identification code; or whose disclosure is likely to cause harm to the rights and interests of an individual other than the person requesting disclosure, if it is not possible to identify a specific individual other than the person requesting disclosure; provided, however, that the following information is excluded;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **イ**  法令の規定により又は慣行として開示請求者が知ることができ、又は知ることが予定されている情報
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-1</sup>
        information that can be made available to or is scheduled to be made available to the person requesting disclosure pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations or by established practice;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ロ**  人の生命、健康、生活又は財産を保護するため、開示することが必要であると認められる情報
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-2</sup>
        information which is found necessary to be disclosed in order to protect a person's life, wellbeing, livelihood or property;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ハ**  当該個人が公務員等（国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第二条第一項に規定する国家公務員（独立行政法人通則法第二条第四項に規定する行政執行法人の職員を除く。）、独立行政法人等の職員、地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第二条に規定する地方公務員及び地方独立行政法人の職員をいう。）である場合において、当該情報がその職務の遂行に係る情報であるときは、当該情報のうち、当該公務員等の職及び当該職務遂行の内容に係る部分
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-3</sup>
        the part of the relevant information relating to the job of a public officer or similar employee (meaning a national public officer prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the National Public Officer Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) (excluding employees of an agency engaged in administrative execution prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (4) of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency), employee of an incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, local public officer prescribed in Article 2 of the Local Public Officer Act (Act No. 261 of 1950), or employee of a local incorporated administrative agency) and the substance of the performance of their duties, if the relevant individual is a public officer, and that information relates to the performance of the duties;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **三**  法人その他の団体（国、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人を除く。以下この号において「法人等」という。）に関する情報又は開示請求者以外の事業を営む個人の当該事業に関する情報であって、次に掲げるもの。ただし、人の生命、健康、生活又は財産を保護するため、開示することが必要であると認められる情報を除く。
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-3</sup>
      the following information concerning corporations or other entities (excluding the State, incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, local public entity, and local incorporated administrative agency; hereinafter referred to as a "corporation or similar entity" in this item) or concerning the business that an individual other than the person requesting disclosure conducts; provided, however, that information which is found necessary to be disclosed in order to protect a person's life, wellbeing, livelihood, or property is excluded;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **イ**  開示することにより、当該法人等又は当該個人の権利、競争上の地位その他正当な利益を害するおそれがあるもの
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-3/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-3/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-3/sub-1</sup>
        information whose disclosure is likely to cause harm to the rights, competitive position, or other legitimate interests of the relevant corporation or similar entity or of the relevant individual;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ロ**  行政機関等の要請を受けて、開示しないとの条件で任意に提供されたものであって、法人等又は個人における通例として開示しないこととされているものその他の当該条件を付することが当該情報の性質、当時の状況等に照らして合理的であると認められるもの
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-3/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-3/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-3/sub-2</sup>
        information customarily not disclosed by the corporation or similar entity or by the relevant individual, which has been voluntarily provided in response to a request by an administrative entity on the condition of non-disclosure, or information for which it is found reasonable to set that condition in light of the nature of the information or the circumstances at the time;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **四**  行政機関の長が第八十二条各項の決定（以下この節において「開示決定等」という。）をする場合において、開示することにより、国の安全が害されるおそれ、他国若しくは国際機関との信頼関係が損なわれるおそれ又は他国若しくは国際機関との交渉上不利益を被るおそれがあると当該行政機関の長が認めることにつき相当の理由がある情報
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-4</sup>
      information for which there are reasonable grounds for the head of an administrative organ to find that its disclosure is likely to cause harm to national security, cause damage to the relationship of mutual trust with another country or an international organization, or cause a disadvantage in negotiations with another country or an international organization, if the head of the administrative organ makes a decision set forth in each paragraph of Article 82 (hereinafter referred to as a "decision on disclosure" in this Section);
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **五**  行政機関の長又は地方公共団体の機関（都道府県の機関に限る。）が開示決定等をする場合において、開示することにより、犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれがあると当該行政機関の長又は地方公共団体の機関が認めることにつき相当の理由がある情報
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-5</sup>
      information for which there are reasonable grounds for the head of an administrative organ or the local government organ (limited to a prefectural government agency) to find that its disclosure is likely to hinder prevention, suppression or the investigation of crimes, keeping prosecutions, the execution of punishment, and other matters concerning upholding public safety and public order, if the head of the administrative organ or the local government organ makes a decision on disclosure;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **六**  国の機関、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人の内部又は相互間における審議、検討又は協議に関する情報であって、開示することにより、率直な意見の交換若しくは意思決定の中立性が不当に損なわれるおそれ、不当に国民の間に混乱を生じさせるおそれ又は特定の者に不当に利益を与え若しくは不利益を及ぼすおそれがあるもの
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-6</sup>
      information concerning deliberations, examinations or consultations conducted in a national government organ, incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, local government and local incorporated administrative agency, or conducted mutually between them, if its disclosure is likely to cause unjust harm to the frank exchange of opinions or the neutrality of decision making, unreasonably cause confusion among the people, or unjustly bring advantages or disadvantages to specific persons;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **七**  国の機関、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体又は地方独立行政法人が行う事務又は事業に関する情報であって、開示することにより、次に掲げるおそれその他当該事務又は事業の性質上、当該事務又は事業の適正な遂行に支障を及ぼすおそれがあるもの
      <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7</sup>
      information concerning the processes or service conducted by a national government organ, an incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, a local government, or a local incorporated administrative agency, if its disclosure is likely to have the following risks or is likely to hinder the proper execution of the processes or service due to their nature;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **イ**  独立行政法人等、地方公共団体の機関又は地方独立行政法人が開示決定等をする場合において、国の安全が害されるおそれ、他国若しくは国際機関との信頼関係が損なわれるおそれ又は他国若しくは国際機関との交渉上不利益を被るおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-1</sup>
        risk of causing harm to national security, damage to the relationship of mutual trust with another country or an international organization, or a disadvantage in negotiations with another country or an international organization, if an incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, a local government organ, or a local incorporated administrative agency make a decision on disclosure;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ロ**  独立行政法人等、地方公共団体の機関（都道府県の機関を除く。）又は地方独立行政法人が開示決定等をする場合において、犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-2</sup>
        risk of hindering prevention, suppression or the investigation of crimes, keeping prosecutions, the execution of punishment, and other matters concerning upholding public safety and public order, if an incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, a local government organ (excluding a prefectural government agency), or a local incorporated administrative agency make a decision on disclosure;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ハ**  監査、検査、取締り、試験又は租税の賦課若しくは徴収に係る事務に関し、正確な事実の把握を困難にするおそれ又は違法若しくは不当な行為を容易にし、若しくはその発見を困難にするおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-3</sup>
        risk of making it difficult to accurately understand facts concerning processes relating to audits, inspections, supervision, examinations, or the imposition or collection of tax; facilitating illegal or wrongful acts regarding those processes; or making it difficult to detect those acts;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ニ**  契約、交渉又は争訟に係る事務に関し、国、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体又は地方独立行政法人の財産上の利益又は当事者としての地位を不当に害するおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-4</sup>
        risk of causing unjust damage to the property benefit, or the position as an interested party, of the State, an incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, a local government, or a local incorporated administrative agency concerning processes relating to contracts, negotiations, or administrative appeals and litigation;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ホ**  調査研究に係る事務に関し、その公正かつ能率的な遂行を不当に阻害するおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-5</sup>
        risk of causing unjust hindrance to the fair and efficient execution of processes relating to research and study;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ヘ**  人事管理に係る事務に関し、公正かつ円滑な人事の確保に支障を及ぼすおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-6</sup>
        risk of causing hindrance to keeping impartial and smooth personnel practices in processes relating to personnel management;
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

        **ト**  独立行政法人等、地方公共団体が経営する企業又は地方独立行政法人に係る事業に関し、その企業経営上の正当な利益を害するおそれ
        <sup>art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-7/sub-7</sup>
        risk of causing damage to the legitimate interests arising from corporate management with regard to the service of an incorporated administrative agency or other prescribed corporation, of a business operated by a local government, or of a local incorporated administrative agency.
        <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **第二項**  地方公共団体の機関又は地方独立行政法人についての前項の規定の適用については、同項中「掲げる情報（」とあるのは、「掲げる情報（情報公開条例の規定により開示することとされている情報として条例で定めるものを除く。）又は行政機関情報公開法第五条に規定する不開示情報に準ずる情報であって情報公開条例において開示しないこととされているもののうち当該情報公開条例との整合性を確保するために不開示とする必要があるものとして条例で定めるもの（」とする。
    <sup>art-78/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-2</sup>
    With regard to applying the provision of the preceding paragraph related to a local government organ or a local incorporated administrative agency, the phrase "information listed in each of the following items (" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "information listed in each of the following items (excluding information prescribed by local ordinance as information that is to be disclosed pursuant to the provisions of the information disclosure ordinance) or information equivalent to non-disclosure information prescribed in Article 5 of the Administrative Organs Information Disclosure Act, which is not disclosed in the information disclosure ordinance, and which is prescribed by the ordinance as information that needs to be non-disclosed in order to ensure consistency with that information disclosure ordinance (".
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

---

## Cites
- art-78/par-1/item-1: 第七十六条第二項 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十六条第二項 (Article 76, paragraph (2)), art-76/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-76/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-76/par-2
- art-78/par-1/item-1: 次号 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第一項第二号 (Article 78, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-78/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-2
- art-78/par-1/item-1: 第三号 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第一項第三号 (Article 78, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-78/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-3
- art-78/par-1/item-1: 次条第二項 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十九条第二項 (Article 79, paragraph (2)), art-79/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-79/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-79/par-2
- art-78/par-1/item-1: 第八十六条第一項 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第八十六条第一項 (Article 86, paragraph (1)), art-86/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-86/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-86/par-1
- art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-3: 国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第二条第一項 → e-Gov law 322AC0000000120, 第二条第一項 (Article 2, paragraph (1)), art-2/par-1 — not held in this collection
- art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-3: 独立行政法人通則法第二条第四項 → e-Gov law 411AC0000000103, 第二条第四項 (Article 2, paragraph (4)), art-2/par-4 — not held in this collection
- art-78/par-1/item-2/sub-3: 地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第二条 → e-Gov law 325AC0000000261, 第二条 (Article 2), art-2 — not held in this collection
- art-78/par-1/item-3: この号 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第一項第三号 (Article 78, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-78/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-3
- art-78/par-1/item-4: 第八十二条 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第八十二条 (Article 82), art-82 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-82 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-82
- art-78/par-2: 前項 → 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第一項 (Article 78, paragraph (1)), art-78/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1

## Cited by

11 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction.

- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第二条第十一項第三号（定義） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-2/par-11/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-2/par-11/item-3
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第二条第十一項第四号（定義） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-2/par-11/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-2/par-11/item-4
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第六十八条第二項第二号（漏えい等の報告等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-68/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-68/par-2/item-2
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第一項第一号（保有個人情報の開示義務） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-1
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第一項第三号（保有個人情報の開示義務） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-1/item-3
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十八条第二項（保有個人情報の開示義務） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-78/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-78/par-2
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第七十九条第二項（部分開示） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-79/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-79/par-2
- 個人情報の保護に関する法律 第八十六条第二項第一号（第三者に対する意見書提出の機会の付与等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-86/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/415AC0000000057/art-86/par-2/item-1
- 行政手続における特定の個人を識別するための番号の利用等に関する法律 第二十三条第二項第一号（情報提供等の記録） — https://japanlaw.org/en/my-number-act/art-23/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/425AC0000000027/art-23/par-2/item-1
- 行政手続における特定の個人を識別するための番号の利用等に関する法律 第二十三条第二項第二号（情報提供等の記録） — https://japanlaw.org/en/my-number-act/art-23/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/425AC0000000027/art-23/par-2/item-2
- 行政手続における特定の個人を識別するための番号の利用等に関する法律 第三十一条第三項（情報提供等の記録についての特例） — https://japanlaw.org/en/my-number-act/art-31/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/425AC0000000027/art-31/par-3

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## Sources

- claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-11
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 個人情報の保護に関する法律 — the text in force from 2026-10-01 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/415AC0000000057/20261001_507AC0000000070), retrieved 2026-10-10
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Act on the Protection of Personal Information — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4241/tb), retrieved 2026-10-10
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Act on the Protection of Personal Information (個人情報の保護に関する法律), Article 78, paragraph (1), item (i) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4241/tb), retrieved 2026-10-10
- This site's parser, version 190 — 個人情報の保護に関する法律 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-10