# Article 18, paragraph (1), its wordings — Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/domestic-relations-case-procedure-act/history/art-18/par-1. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. How the wording of Article 18, paragraph (1) (第十八条第一項) changed with each amendment, and how it will change. - Law: Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act (家事事件手続法) — https://japanlaw.org/en/domestic-relations-case-procedure-act - Provision: Article 18, paragraph (1) (第十八条第一項) — https://japanlaw.org/en/domestic-relations-case-procedure-act/art-18/par-1 (as Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/domestic-relations-case-procedure-act/art-18/par-1) - The law's amendments: https://japanlaw.org/en/domestic-relations-case-procedure-act/amendments - 2 wordings, oldest first. ## 1. Before Act No. 45 of 2026 - State: In force Japanese: > 親権を行う者又は後見人は、第百十八条（この法律の他の規定において準用する場合を含む。）又は第二百五十二条第一項の規定により未成年者又は成年被後見人が法定代理人によらずに自ら手続行為をすることができる場合であっても、未成年者又は成年被後見人を代理して手続行為をすることができる。ただし、家事審判及び家事調停の申立ては、民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）その他の法令の規定により親権を行う者又は後見人が申立てをすることができる場合（人事訴訟法第二条に規定する人事に関する訴え（離婚及び離縁の訴えを除く。）を提起することができる事項についての家事調停の申立てにあっては、同法その他の法令の規定によりその訴えを提起することができる場合を含む。）に限る。 English (Written for this site with AI, correcting the Ministry of Justice's English): > A person who exercises parental authority or a guardian may participate in proceedings on behalf of a minor or an adult under guardianship even when the minor or adult under guardianship may personally participate in proceedings, not through the legal representative of the minor or adult under guardianship, pursuant to the provisions of Article 118 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other provisions of this Act) or Article 252, paragraph (1); provided, however, that a person who exercises parental authority or a guardian may file a petition for adjudication of domestic relations or mediation of domestic relations only when such a person or guardian may file a petition pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) or other laws and regulations (with regard to a petition for mediation of domestic relations regarding a matter against which an action concerning personal status as prescribed in Article 2 of the Personal Status Litigation Act (excluding an action for divorce and an action for the dissolution of an adoptive relationship) may be filed, including cases where the person or guardian may file the action pursuant to the provisions of the Act or other laws and regulations). ## 2. By 23 December 2028 — Act No. 45 of 2026 - State: Not yet in force - Takes effect: By 23 December 2028 - The amendment: Reworded (Act No. 45 of 2026) — https://japanlaw.org/en/domestic-relations-case-procedure-act/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045 Japanese: > 親権を行う者若しくは未成年後見人又は特定補助人は、第百十八条（この法律の他の規定において準用する場合を含む。）又は第二百五十二条第一項の規定により未成年者又は特定補助人を付する処分の審判を受けた者が法定代理人によらずに自ら手続行為をすることができる場合であっても、未成年者又は特定補助人を付する処分の審判を受けた者を代理して手続行為をすることができる。ただし、家事審判及び家事調停の申立ては、民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）その他の法令の規定により親権を行う者若しくは未成年後見人又は特定補助人が申立てをすることができる場合（人事訴訟法第二条に規定する人事に関する訴え（離婚及び離縁の訴えを除く。）を提起することができる事項についての家事調停の申立てにあっては、同法その他の法令の規定によりその訴えを提起することができる場合を含む。）に限る。 English (Machine translation, not official): > A person who exercises parental authority, a guardian of a minor, or a specified assistant may perform procedural acts on behalf of a minor or a person subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant even when the minor or person subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant may personally perform procedural acts, not through the legal representative of the minor or person subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant, pursuant to the provisions of Article 118 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other provisions of this Act) or Article 252, paragraph (1); provided, however, that a person who exercises parental authority, a guardian of a minor, or a specified assistant may file a petition for adjudication of domestic relations or mediation of domestic relations only when such a person, guardian of a minor or specified assistant may file a petition pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) or other laws and regulations (with regard to a petition for mediation of domestic relations regarding a matter against which an action concerning personal status as prescribed in Article 2 of the Personal Status Litigation Act (excluding an action for divorce and an action for the dissolution of an adoptive relationship) may be filed, including cases where the person, guardian of a minor or specified assistant may file the action pursuant to the provisions of the Act or other laws and regulations). --- ## Sources - The dates and the amending laws: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/423AC0000000052) - English name of the law: Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4512/tb) - English titles of the amending laws: Written for this site with AI - The Japanese text before: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/423AC0000000052/20280613_505AC0000000053) - The Japanese text after: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/423AC0000000052/20281223_508AC0000000045)