# 著作権法 / Copyright Act — 第三十六条 (Article 36) - Law: 著作権法 (Copyright Act), 昭和四十五年法律第四十八号 - English title "Copyright Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第三十六条 (Article 36)（試験問題としての複製等） — address `art-36` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第三十六条（試験問題としての複製等） — (Reproduction for Examination Questions; Related Matters) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36 **第一項** 公表された著作物については、入学試験その他人の学識技能に関する試験又は検定の目的上必要と認められる限度において、当該試験又は検定の問題として複製し、又は公衆送信（放送又は有線放送を除き、自動公衆送信の場合にあつては送信可能化を含む。次項において同じ。）を行うことができる。ただし、当該著作物の種類及び用途並びに当該公衆送信の態様に照らし著作権者の利益を不当に害することとなる場合は、この限りでない。 art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36/par-1 It is permissible to reproduce a work that has been made public in a question on an entrance examination or other examination or in an official certification of knowledge or skills, to the extent that this is found to be necessary for such purpose, and to transmit to the public such a question (except in a broadcast or cablecast; however, it is permissible to make such a question available for transmission, if it is to be transmitted to the public via automatic public transmission; the same applies in the following paragraph); provided, however, that this does not apply if the action would unreasonably prejudice the interests of the copyright owner in light of the nature or purpose of the work or the circumstances of its transmission. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "It is permissible to reproduce a work that has been made public in a question on an entrance examination or other examination or in an official certification of knowledge or skills, to the extent that this is found to be necessary for such purpose, and to transmit to the public such a question (except in a broadcast or cablecast; however, it is permissible to make such a question available for transmission, if it is to be transmitted to the public via automatic public transmission; the same applies in following paragraph); provided, however, that this does not apply if the action would unreasonably prejudice the interests of the copyright owner in light of the nature or purpose of the work or the circumstances of its transmission." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4207/tb **第二項** 営利を目的として前項の複製又は公衆送信を行う者は、通常の使用料の額に相当する額の補償金を著作権者に支払わなければならない。 art-36/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36/par-2 A person that, for commercial purposes, reproduces a work or transmits it to the public as referred to in the preceding paragraph must pay the copyright owner compensation in an amount that corresponds to the ordinary rate of royalties. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A person that reproduces a work or transmits a work to the public for commercial purposes must pay the copyright owner compensation in an amount that corresponds to the ordinary rate of royalties." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4207/tb --- ## Cites - art-36/par-1: 次項 → 著作権法 第三十六条第二項 (Article 36, paragraph (2)), art-36/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36/par-2 - art-36/par-2: 前項 → 著作権法 第三十六条第一項 (Article 36, paragraph (1)), art-36/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36/par-1 ## Cited by 8 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 著作権法 第三十六条第一項（試験問題としての複製等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36/par-1 - 著作権法 第三十六条第二項（試験問題としての複製等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-36/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-36/par-2 - 著作権法 第四十七条の六第一項第二号（翻訳、翻案等による利用） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-47-6/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-47-6/par-1/item-2 - 著作権法 第四十七条の七第一項（複製権の制限により作成された複製物の譲渡） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-47-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-47-7/par-1 - 著作権法 第四十八条第一項第三号（出所の明示） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-48/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-48/par-1/item-3 - 著作権法 第八十六条第一項（出版権の制限） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-86/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-86/par-1 - 著作権法 第八十六条第三項（出版権の制限） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-86/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-86/par-3 - 著作権法 第百二条第一項（著作隣接権の制限） — https://japanlaw.org/en/copyright-act/art-102/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/345AC0000000048/art-102/par-1 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-19 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 著作権法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/345AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000048), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Copyright Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4207/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Copyright Act (著作権法), Article 36, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4207/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Copyright Act (著作権法), Article 36, paragraph (2) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4207/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - This site's parser, version 210 — 著作権法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19