# 日本国憲法 / The Constitution of Japan — 第十章 (Chapter 10) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/ch-10. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 日本国憲法 (The Constitution of Japan), 昭和二十一年憲法 - English title "The Constitution of Japan": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Constitution — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第十章 (Chapter 10) — address `ch-10` - Text in force since: 1947-05-03 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/ch-10 - e-Gov law ID: 321CONSTITUTION — never renamed. A permanent link, `/l/{lawId}/{address}` on this site, redirects to the page. - Every provision below carries its address and its URL on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第十章　最高法規 — CHAPTER X. SUPREME LAW heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ch-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/ch-10 ### 第九十七条 art-97 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-97 **第一項** この憲法が日本国民に保障する基本的人権は、人類の多年にわたる自由獲得の努力の成果であつて、これらの権利は、過去幾多の試錬に堪へ、現在及び将来の国民に対し、侵すことのできない永久の権利として信託されたものである。 art-97/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-97/par-1 The fundamental human rights by this Constitution guaranteed to the people of Japan are fruits of the age-old struggle of man to be free; they have survived the many exacting tests for durability and are conferred upon this and future generations in trust, to be held for all time inviolate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第九十八条 art-98 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-98 **第一項** この憲法は、国の最高法規であつて、その条規に反する法律、命令、詔勅及び国務に関するその他の行為の全部又は一部は、その効力を有しない。 art-98/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-98/par-1 This Constitution shall be the supreme law of the nation and no law, ordinance, imperial rescript or other act of government, or part thereof, contrary to the provisions hereof, shall have legal force or validity. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 日本国が締結した条約及び確立された国際法規は、これを誠実に遵守することを必要とする。 art-98/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-98/par-2 The treaties concluded by Japan and established laws of nations shall be faithfully observed. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第九十九条 art-99 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-99 **第一項** 天皇又は摂政及び国務大臣、国会議員、裁判官その他の公務員は、この憲法を尊重し擁護する義務を負ふ。 art-99/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-99/par-1 The Emperor or the Regent as well as Ministers of State, members of the Diet, judges, and all other public officials have the obligation to respect and uphold this Constitution. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 日本国憲法 — the text in force from 1947-05-03 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/321CONSTITUTION/19470503_000000000000000), retrieved 2026-09-16 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — The Constitution of Japan — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/174/tb), retrieved 2026-09-16 - This site's parser, version 211 — 日本国憲法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-09-16