# The Diet (国会, こっかい)

This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/diet. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp.

- Group: Institutions, offices and documents
- URL: https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/diet
- In Japanese: https://japanlaw.org/ja/concepts/diet
- Written by: claude-opus-5, 2026-09-16

Japan's parliament, and under Article 41 the only body that can make an Act (法律). It has two chambers, the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, both made up of elected members (Articles 42 and 43). It designates the Prime Minister, approves the budget and treaties, and can start the process of amending the Constitution. A Cabinet Order (政令) or Ministerial Order (省令) may impose a duty or a penalty only where an Act the Diet passed says it may.

Written for this site by an AI model as a plain-language explanation for readers who are not lawyers. Not reviewed by a lawyer.

## Provisions and sources it draws on

- [Constitution, Arts. 41, 42, 43](https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/321CONSTITUTION) — on this site: https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution
- [Wikipedia: National Diet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet)

## Where the laws use it

23 laws in force use it in this sense, in 70 provisions; there the word opens this explanation.

- [The Constitution of Japan (日本国憲法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution): 33 provisions, among them [Preamble](https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/preamble), [Article 2](https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-2), [Article 6](https://japanlaw.org/en/constitution/art-6)
- [Employees' Pension Insurance Act (厚生年金保険法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/employees-pension-insurance-act): 7 provisions, among them [Article 46](https://japanlaw.org/en/employees-pension-insurance-act/art-46), [Supplementary Provisions, Article 11](https://japanlaw.org/en/employees-pension-insurance-act/suppl-3291-115/art-11), [Supplementary Provisions, Article 21](https://japanlaw.org/en/employees-pension-insurance-act/suppl-4061-95/art-21)
- [Local Tax Act (地方税法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/local-tax-act): 3 provisions, among them [Article 406](https://japanlaw.org/en/local-tax-act/art-406), [Article 425](https://japanlaw.org/en/local-tax-act/art-425), [Article 758](https://japanlaw.org/en/local-tax-act/art-758)
- [Act on the Protection of Personal Information (個人情報の保護に関する法律)](https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act): 2 provisions, among them [Article 135](https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-135), [Article 168](https://japanlaw.org/en/personal-information-protection-act/art-168)
- [Health Insurance Act (健康保険法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/health-insurance-act): 2 provisions, among them [Article 7-32](https://japanlaw.org/en/health-insurance-act/art-7-32), [Supplementary Provisions, Article 3](https://japanlaw.org/en/health-insurance-act/suppl-4161-104/art-3)
- [Labor Union Act (労働組合法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-union-act): 2 provisions, among them [Article 19-3](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-union-act/art-19-3), [Article 19-4](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-union-act/art-19-4)
- [National Pension Act (国民年金法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/national-pension-act): 2 provisions, among them [Supplementary Provisions, Article 8](https://japanlaw.org/en/national-pension-act/suppl-3601-34/art-8), [Supplementary Provisions, Article 3](https://japanlaw.org/en/national-pension-act/suppl-4161-104/art-3)
- [Act on Special Measures for Securing the Financial Resources Necessary to Implement Measures for Reconstruction following the Great East Japan Earthquake (東日本大震災からの復興のための施策を実施するために必要な財源の確保に関する特別措置法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/reconstruction-funding-act): 2 provisions, among them [Article 69](https://japanlaw.org/en/reconstruction-funding-act/art-69), [Article 72](https://japanlaw.org/en/reconstruction-funding-act/art-72)
- [Administrative Complaint Review Act (行政不服審査法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-complaint-review-act): 2 provisions, among them [Article 7](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-complaint-review-act/art-7), [Article 69](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-complaint-review-act/art-69)
- [Act on Assurance of Medical Care for Elderly People (高齢者の医療の確保に関する法律)](https://japanlaw.org/en/elderly-medical-care-act): 2 provisions, among them [Article 148](https://japanlaw.org/en/elderly-medical-care-act/art-148), [Supplementary Provisions, Article 13](https://japanlaw.org/en/elderly-medical-care-act/suppl-3611-106/art-13)
- [Long-Term Care Insurance Act (介護保険法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/long-term-care-insurance-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 169](https://japanlaw.org/en/long-term-care-insurance-act/art-169)
- [Child Allowance Act (児童手当法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/child-allowance-act): 1 provision, among them [Supplementary Provisions, Article 3](https://japanlaw.org/en/child-allowance-act/suppl-4161-104/art-3)
- [Act on the Collection, etc. of Insurance Premiums of Labor Insurance (労働保険の保険料の徴収等に関する法律)](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-insurance-premium-collection-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 22](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-insurance-premium-collection-act/art-22)
- [Labor Relations Adjustment Act (労働関係調整法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-relations-adjustment-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 8](https://japanlaw.org/en/labor-relations-adjustment-act/art-8)
- [Nationality Act (国籍法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/nationality-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 9](https://japanlaw.org/en/nationality-act/art-9)
- [Income Tax Act (所得税法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/income-tax-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 30](https://japanlaw.org/en/income-tax-act/art-30)
- [Regulation for Enforcement of the Income Tax Act (所得税法施行規則)](https://japanlaw.org/en/income-tax-act-enforcement-regulation): 1 provision, among them [Article 4](https://japanlaw.org/en/income-tax-act-enforcement-regulation/art-4)
- [Corporation Tax Act (法人税法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/corporation-tax-act): 1 provision, among them [Supplementary Provisions, Article 3](https://japanlaw.org/en/corporation-tax-act/suppl-4161-104/art-3)
- [Defined Contribution Pension Act (確定拠出年金法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/defined-contribution-pension-act): 1 provision, among them [Supplementary Provisions, Article 3](https://japanlaw.org/en/defined-contribution-pension-act/suppl-4161-104/art-3)
- [Administrative Case Litigation Act (行政事件訴訟法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-case-litigation-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 27](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-case-litigation-act/art-27)
- [Administrative Procedure Act (行政手続法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-procedure-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 3](https://japanlaw.org/en/administrative-procedure-act/art-3)
- [Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (金融商品取引法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/financial-instruments-and-exchange-act): 1 provision, among them [Supplementary Provisions, Article 6](https://japanlaw.org/en/financial-instruments-and-exchange-act/suppl-3231-25/art-6)
- [Employment Insurance Act (雇用保険法)](https://japanlaw.org/en/employment-insurance-act): 1 provision, among them [Article 49](https://japanlaw.org/en/employment-insurance-act/art-49)

## Related

- [Act (法律, ほうりつ)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/act)
- [Constitution (憲法, けんぽう)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/constitution)
- [Cabinet Order (政令, せいれい)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/cabinet-order)
- [Ministerial Order (省令, しょうれい)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/ministerial-ordinance)
- [Amendment (改正, かいせい)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/amendment)
- [House of Representatives (衆議院, しゅうぎいん)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/house-of-representatives)
- [House of Councillors (参議院, さんぎいん)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/house-of-councillors)
- [Prime Minister (内閣総理大臣, ないかくそうりだいじん)](https://japanlaw.org/en/concepts/prime-minister)

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## Sources

- Explanation: Written for this site with AI (claude-opus-5, 2026-09-16)
- Where it is used, and how often: Worked out by this site from e-Gov's text
- English names of the laws: Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice (22 records)
- English names of the laws: Written for this site with AI