# Article 26, paragraph (2), its wordings — Companies Act

This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/history/art-26/par-2. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp.

How the wording of Article 26, paragraph (2) (第二十六条第二項) changed with each amendment, and how it will change.

- Law: Companies Act (会社法) — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act
- Provision: Article 26, paragraph (2) (第二十六条第二項) — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-26/par-2 (as Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/companies-act/art-26/par-2)
- The law's amendments: https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/amendments
- 2 wordings, oldest first.

## 1. Before Act No. 53 of 2023

- State: In force

Japanese:

> 前項の定款は、電磁的記録（電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものとして法務省令で定めるものをいう。以下同じ。）をもって作成することができる。この場合において、当該電磁的記録に記録された情報については、法務省令で定める署名又は記名押印に代わる措置をとらなければならない。

English (Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice):

> Articles of incorporation referred to in the preceding paragraph may be prepared in the form of an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record that Ministry of Justice Order prescribes as being used in computerized information processing and created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses; the same applies hereinafter). In these cases, actions prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order must be taken in lieu of the signing or the affixing of the names and seals, with respect to the data recorded in such an electronic or magnetic record.

## 2. By 13 June 2028 — Act No. 53 of 2023

- State: Not yet in force
- Takes effect: By 13 June 2028
- The amendment: Reworded (Act No. 53 of 2023) — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/amendments/20280613_505AC0000000053

Japanese:

> 前項の定款は、電磁的記録（電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものとして法務省令で定めるものをいう。第八百八十六条の二第三項、第八百八十六条の三及び第九百六条の二第三項を除き、以下同じ。）をもって作成することができる。この場合において、当該電磁的記録に記録された情報については、法務省令で定める署名又は記名押印に代わる措置をとらなければならない。

English (Machine translation, not official):

> Articles of incorporation referred to in the preceding paragraph may be prepared in the form of an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record that Ministry of Justice Order prescribes as being used in computerized information processing and created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses; the same applies hereinafter, except in Article 886-2, paragraph (3), Article 886-3 and Article 906-2, paragraph (3)). In these cases, actions prescribed by Ministry of Justice Order must be taken in lieu of the signing or the affixing of the names and seals, with respect to the data recorded in such an electronic or magnetic record.

---

## Sources

- The dates and the amending laws: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/417AC0000000086)
- English name of the law: Japanese Law Translation, Ministry of Justice (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4481/tb)
- English titles of the amending laws: Written for this site with AI
- The Japanese text before: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/417AC0000000086/20271205_507AC0000000057)
- The Japanese text after: e-Gov (Digital Agency) (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/417AC0000000086/20280613_505AC0000000053)