# 会社法 / Companies Act — 第五百九十一条 (Article 591) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 会社法 (Companies Act), 平成十七年法律第八十六号 - English title "Companies Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第五百九十一条 (Article 591)（業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合） — address `art-591` - Text in force since: 2026-08-12 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第五百九十一条（業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合） — (Where Articles of Incorporation Provide for Members Who Execute Business) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-591 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591 **第一項** 業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合において、業務を執行する社員が二人以上あるときは、持分会社の業務は、定款に別段の定めがある場合を除き、業務を執行する社員の過半数をもって決定する。この場合における前条第三項の規定の適用については、同項中「社員」とあるのは、「業務を執行する社員」とする。 art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-1 If members who execute the business are provided for in the articles of incorporation, and there are two or more members who execute the business, the business of the membership company is determined by a majority of the members who execute the operations, unless otherwise provided for in the articles of incorporation. For the purpose of the application of the provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article to these cases, "member" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "member who executes the business". Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、同項に規定する場合には、支配人の選任及び解任は、社員の過半数をもって決定する。ただし、定款で別段の定めをすることを妨げない。 art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-2 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in the cases provided for in that paragraph, the appointment and dismissal of managers are determined by a majority of the members; provided, however, that this does not preclude the provisions to the contrary in the articles of incorporation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合において、その業務を執行する社員の全員が退社したときは、当該定款の定めは、その効力を失う。 art-591/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-3 If members who execute the business are provided for in the articles of incorporation, and all members who execute the operations leave the company, relevant provisions of the articles of incorporation become ineffective. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合には、その業務を執行する社員は、正当な事由がなければ、辞任することができない。 art-591/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-4 If members who execute the business are provided for in the articles of incorporation, members who execute the business may not resign without justifiable grounds. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 前項の業務を執行する社員は、正当な事由がある場合に限り、他の社員の一致によって解任することができる。 art-591/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-5 Members who execute the business under the preceding paragraph may be dismissed with the unanimous consent of other members, limited to cases where there are justifiable grounds. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 前二項の規定は、定款で別段の定めをすることを妨げない。 art-591/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-6 The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude the provisions to the contrary in the articles of incorporation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-591/par-1: 前条第三項 → 会社法 第五百九十条第三項 (Article 590, paragraph (3)), art-590/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-590/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-590/par-3 - art-591/par-2: 前項 → 会社法 第五百九十一条第一項 (Article 591, paragraph (1)), art-591/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-1 - art-591/par-5: 前項 → 会社法 第五百九十一条第四項 (Article 591, paragraph (4)), art-591/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-4 - art-591/par-6: 前二項 → 会社法 第五百九十一条第四項 (Article 591, paragraph (4)), art-591/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-4 - art-591/par-6: 前二項 → 会社法 第五百九十一条第五項 (Article 591, paragraph (5)), art-591/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-5 ## Cited by 3 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 会社法 第五百九十一条第二項（業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合） — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-2 - 会社法 第五百九十一条第五項（業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合） — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-5 - 会社法 第五百九十一条第六項（業務を執行する社員を定款で定めた場合） — https://japanlaw.org/en/companies-act/art-591/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/417AC0000000086/art-591/par-6 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 会社法 — the text in force from 2026-08-12 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/417AC0000000086/20260812_508AC0000000064), retrieved 2026-09-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Companies Act — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4481/tb), retrieved 2026-09-17 - This site's parser, version 223 — 会社法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-09-17