# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第八章 (Part 3, Chapter 8) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-8. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第八章 (Part 3, Chapter 8) — address `pt-3/ch-8` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-8 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-8 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第八章　船舶先取特権及び船舶抵当権 — Chapter VIII Statutory Liens on Ships and Mortgages on Ships heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-8 ### 第八百四十二条（船舶先取特権） — (Statutory Liens on Ships) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-842 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842 **第一項** 次に掲げる債権を有する者は、船舶及びその属具について先取特権を有する。 art-842/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1 A person holding a claim as set forth in one of the following has a statutory lien on the ship and its equipment: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 船舶の運航に直接関連して生じた人の生命又は身体の侵害による損害賠償請求権 art-842/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-1 a claim to compensation for loss or damage due to harm to an individual's life or person that has arisen in direct connection with the operation of the ship; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 救助料に係る債権又は船舶の負担に属する共同海損の分担に基づく債権 art-842/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-2 a claim for the salvage charges or a claim based on the sharing of a general average to be borne by the ship; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 国税徴収法（昭和三十四年法律第百四十七号）若しくは国税徴収の例によって徴収することのできる請求権であって船舶の入港、港湾の利用その他船舶の航海に関して生じたもの又は水先料若しくは引き船料に係る債権 art-842/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-3 a claim that can be collected pursuant to the National Tax Collection Act (Act No. 147 of 1959) or using procedures for collecting national taxes and that arises in connection with the ship's entry into a port or use of a port or in connection with other operation of the ship; or a claim for pilotage charges or towage charges; Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "a claim that can be collected pursuant to the National Tax Collection Act (Act No. 47 of 1959) or using procedures for collecting national taxes and that arises in connection with the ship's entry into a port or use of a port or in connection with other operation of the ship; or a claim for pilotage charges or towage charges;" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **四** 航海を継続するために必要な費用に係る債権 art-842/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-4 a claim for costs necessary for continuing a voyage; and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 雇用契約によって生じた船長その他の船員の債権 art-842/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-5 a claim held by the master or a mariner arising from an employment contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十三条（船舶先取特権の順位） — (Order of Priority of Statutory Liens on Ships) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-843 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-843 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-843 **第一項** 前条各号に掲げる債権に係る先取特権（以下この章において「船舶先取特権」という。）が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、同条各号に掲げる順序に従う。ただし、同条第二号に掲げる債権（救助料に係るものに限る。）に係る船舶先取特権は、その発生の時において既に生じている他の船舶先取特権に優先する。 art-843/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-843/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-843/par-1 If statutory liens based on claims set forth in the items of the preceding Article (hereinafter referred to as "statutory liens on a ship" in this Chapter) are in conflict with each other, the order of priority of those statutory liens follows the order set forth in the items of that Article; provided, however, that a statutory lien on a ship based on the claim set forth in item (ii) of that Article (limited to one for the salvage charges) takes precedence over any other statutory liens on the ship that have arisen earlier. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 同一順位の船舶先取特権を有する者が数人あるときは、これらの者は、その債権額の割合に応じて弁済を受ける。ただし、前条第二号から第四号までに掲げる債権にあっては、同一順位の船舶先取特権が同時に生じたものでないときは、後に生じた船舶先取特権が前に生じた船舶先取特権に優先する。 art-843/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-843/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-843/par-2 If two or more persons hold statutory liens on a ship which are of the same rank, those persons are paid in proportion to the amount of their claims; provided, however, that for claims set forth in items (ii) through (iv) of the preceding Article, if the statutory liens arise at different times, the one arising later takes precedence over one arising earlier. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十四条（船舶先取特権と他の先取特権との競合） — (Conflict between Statutory Liens on Ships and Other Statutory Liens) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-844 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-844 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-844 **第一項** 船舶先取特権と他の先取特権とが競合する場合には、船舶先取特権は、他の先取特権に優先する。 art-844/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-844/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-844/par-1 If a statutory lien on a ship and any other statutory lien conflict with each other, the statutory lien on the ship takes precedence over the other statutory lien. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十五条（船舶先取特権と船舶の譲受人） — (Statutory Liens on Ship and Transferee of Ship) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-845 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-845 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-845 **第一項** 船舶所有者がその船舶を譲渡したときは、譲受人は、その登記をした後、船舶先取特権を有する者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。 art-845/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-845/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-845/par-1 If a shipowner transfers a ship, the transferee, after registering the transfer, must issue public notice to the holders of statutory liens on the ship indicating that they must file their claims within a fixed term. In such a case, the term in question may not be made shorter than one month. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 船舶先取特権を有する者が前項の期間内に同項の申出をしなかったときは、その船舶先取特権は、消滅する。 art-845/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-845/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-845/par-2 A statutory lien on a ship is extinguished if the holder does not file a claim within the term referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十六条（船舶先取特権の消滅） — (Extinguishment of Statutory Liens on Ships) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-846 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-846 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-846 **第一項** 船舶先取特権は、その発生後一年を経過したときは、消滅する。 art-846/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-846/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-846/par-1 A statutory lien on a ship is extinguished one year's time after it arises. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十七条（船舶抵当権） — (Mortgage on Ship) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-847 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-847 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-847 **第一項** 登記した船舶は、抵当権の目的とすることができる。 art-847/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-847/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-847/par-1 A registered ship may be made the subject matter of a mortgage. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 船舶の抵当権は、その属具に及ぶ。 art-847/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-847/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-847/par-2 A mortgage on a ship extends to its equipment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 船舶の抵当権には、不動産の抵当権に関する規定を準用する。この場合において、民法第三百八十四条第一号中「抵当権を実行して競売の申立てをしないとき」とあるのは、「抵当権の実行としての競売の申立て若しくはその提供を承諾しない旨の第三取得者に対する通知をせず、又はその通知をした債権者が抵当権の実行としての競売の申立てをすることができるに至った後一週間以内にこれをしないとき」と読み替えるものとする。 art-847/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-847/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-847/par-3 Provisions concerning mortgages on real property apply mutatis mutandis to a mortgage on a ship. In this case, the phrase "if an obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within two months" in Article 384, item (i) of the Civil Code is deemed to be replaced with "if an obligee does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction or give notice to the third party acquirer that the obligee has not approved its offer within two months, or if the obligee giving that notice does not enforce the mortgage by filing a petition for auction within one week after the obligee becomes able to file it". Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十八条（船舶抵当権と船舶先取特権等との競合） — (Conflict between Mortgage on Ship and Statutory Lien on Ship) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-848 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-848 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-848 **第一項** 船舶の抵当権と船舶先取特権とが競合する場合には、船舶先取特権は、船舶の抵当権に優先する。 art-848/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-848/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-848/par-1 If a mortgage on a ship and a statutory lien on a ship conflict with each other, the lien takes precedence over the mortgage. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 船舶の抵当権と先取特権（船舶先取特権を除く。）とが競合する場合には、船舶の抵当権は、民法第三百三十条第一項に規定する第一順位の先取特権と同順位とする。 art-848/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-848/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-848/par-2 If a mortgage on a ship and a statutory lien (excluding a statutory lien on a ship) conflict with each other, the mortgage is treated as being of the same rank as the first-ranked statutory lien prescribed in Article 330, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百四十九条（質権設定の禁止） — (Prohibition against Creation of Pledge) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-849 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-849 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-849 **第一項** 登記した船舶は、質権の目的とすることができない。 art-849/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-849/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-849/par-1 A registered ship may not be made the subject matter of a pledge. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第八百五十条（製造中の船舶への準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis to Ship Under Construction) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-850 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-850 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-850 **第一項** この章の規定は、製造中の船舶について準用する。 art-850/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-850/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-850/par-1 The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis to a ship under construction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-843/par-1: 前条 → 商法 第八百四十二条 (Article 842), art-842 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842 - art-843/par-1: 同条第二号 → 商法 第八百四十二条第一項第二号 (Article 842, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-842/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-2 - art-843/par-2: 前条第二号から第四号まで → 商法 第八百四十二条第一項第二号 (Article 842, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-842/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-2 - art-843/par-2: 前条第二号から第四号まで → 商法 第八百四十二条第一項第三号 (Article 842, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-842/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-3 - art-843/par-2: 前条第二号から第四号まで → 商法 第八百四十二条第一項第四号 (Article 842, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-842/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-842/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-842/par-1/item-4 - art-845/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第八百四十五条第一項 (Article 845, paragraph (1)), art-845/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-845/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-845/par-1 - art-847/par-3: 民法第三百八十四条第一号 → 民法 第三百八十四条第一項第一号 (Article 384, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-384/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-384/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-384/par-1/item-1 - art-848/par-2: 民法第三百三十条第一項 → 民法 第三百三十条第一項 (Article 330, paragraph (1)), art-330/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-330/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-330/par-1 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-05 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 842, paragraph (1), item (iii) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05