# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第四章 (Part 3, Chapter 4) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-4. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第四章 (Part 3, Chapter 4) — address `pt-3/ch-4` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-4 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-4 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第四章　船舶の衝突 — Chapter IV Collision of Ships heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-4 ### 第七百八十八条（船舶所有者間の責任の分担） — (Sharing of Liability among Shipowners) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Sharing of Liability among Part Owners of Ship)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-788 **第一項** 船舶と他の船舶との衝突（次条において「船舶の衝突」という。）に係る事故が生じた場合において、衝突したいずれの船舶についてもその船舶所有者又は船員に過失があったときは、裁判所は、これらの過失の軽重を考慮して、各船舶所有者について、その衝突による損害賠償の責任及びその額を定める。この場合において、過失の軽重を定めることができないときは、損害賠償の責任及びその額は、各船舶所有者が等しい割合で負担する。 art-788/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-788/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-788/par-1 In the event of an accident caused by a collision of two ships (referred to as a "collision of ships" in the following Article), if there is negligence on the part of the shipowners or mariners of both ships, the court determines the liability of each shipowner to compensate for loss or damage arising from the collision and the amount of compensation in consideration of which ship was more seriously negligent. In such a case, if it is impossible to determine which ship was more seriously negligent, both shipowners are equally liable to compensate for loss or damage and bear the amount of compensation equally. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七百八十九条（船舶の衝突による損害賠償請求権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Claims to Compensation for Loss or Damage Arising from Collision of Ships) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-789 **第一項** 船舶の衝突を原因とする不法行為による損害賠償請求権（財産権が侵害されたことによるものに限る。）は、不法行為の時から二年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。 art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-789/par-1 A claim for compensation for loss or damage arising from a tortious act occasioned by a collision of ships (limited to one arising from violation of property rights) is extinguished by prescription if it is not exercised within two years from the time of the tortious act. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七百九十条（準衝突） — (Constructive Collision) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-790 **第一項** 前二条の規定は、船舶がその航行若しくは船舶の取扱いに関する行為又は船舶に関する法令に違反する行為により他の船舶に著しく接近し、当該他の船舶又は当該他の船舶内にある人若しくは物に損害を加えた事故について準用する。 art-790/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-790/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-790/par-1 The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis to an accident in which a ship has come extremely close to another ship due to an act relating to the former ship's navigation or handling or an act in violation of laws and regulations concerning ships, and has damaged the latter ship or people or objects on the latter ship. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis to an accident in which a ship has come extremely close to another ship due to an act relating to the former ship's navigation or handling, and has damaged the latter ship or people or objects on the latter ship." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第七百九十一条（非航海船との衝突等への準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis to Collisions with Non-Seagoing Vessels) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-791 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-791 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-791 **第一項** 前三条の規定は、船舶と非航海船との事故について準用する。 art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-791/par-1 The provisions of the preceding three Articles apply mutatis mutandis to an accident between a ship and a non-seagoing vessel. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-788/par-1: 次条 → 商法 第七百八十九条 (Article 789), art-789 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-789 - art-790/par-1: 前二条 → 商法 第七百八十八条 (Article 788), art-788 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-788 - art-790/par-1: 前二条 → 商法 第七百八十九条 (Article 789), art-789 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-789 - art-791/par-1: 前三条 → 商法 第七百八十八条 (Article 788), art-788 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-788 - art-791/par-1: 前三条 → 商法 第七百八十九条 (Article 789), art-789 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-789 - art-791/par-1: 前三条 → 商法 第七百九十条 (Article 790), art-790 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-790 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-05 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 788 — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 790, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05