# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第一章 (Part 3, Chapter 1) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第一章 (Part 3, Chapter 1) — address `pt-3/ch-1` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第一章　船舶 — Chapter I Ships heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1 ## 第一節　総則 — Section 1 General Provisions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1/sec-1 ### 第六百八十四条（定義） — (Definition) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-684 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-684 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-684 **第一項** この編（第七百四十七条を除く。）において「船舶」とは、商行為をする目的で航海の用に供する船舶（端舟その他ろかいのみをもって運転し、又は主としてろかいをもって運転する舟を除く。）をいう。 art-684/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-684/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-684/par-1 The term "ship" as used in this Part (excluding Article 747) means a ship that is used in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting a commercial transaction (excluding a ship's tender or a boat steered solely or mainly using oars or paddles). Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The term "ship" as used in this Part (excluding Article 747) means a ship that is used in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting a commercial act (excluding a ship's tender or a boat steered solely or mainly using oars or paddles)." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第六百八十五条（従物の推定等） — (Presumption of Accessories) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-685 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-685 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-685 **第一項** 船舶の属具目録に記載した物は、その従物と推定する。 art-685/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-685/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-685/par-1 The objects entered in a ship's inventory of equipment are presumed to be accessories of the ship. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 属具目録の書式は、国土交通省令で定める。 art-685/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-685/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-685/par-2 The form of a ship's inventory of equipment is specified by Order of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. machine translation, not official ## 第二節　船舶の所有 — Section 2 Ownership of Ships heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2 ## 第一款　総則 — Subsection 1 General Provisions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-1 ### 第六百八十六条（船舶の登記等） — (Registration of Ship) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-686 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-686 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-686 **第一項** 船舶所有者は、船舶法（明治三十二年法律第四十六号）の定めるところに従い、登記をし、かつ、船舶国籍証書の交付を受けなければならない。 art-686/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-686/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-686/par-1 A shipowner must register their ship and obtain a certificate of the vessel's nationality pursuant to the provisions of the Ship Act (Act No. 46 of 1899). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、総トン数二十トン未満の船舶については、適用しない。 art-686/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-686/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-686/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to a ship with a gross tonnage of less than 20 tons. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百八十七条（船舶所有権の移転の対抗要件） — (Requirements for Perfection of Transfer of Ownership of Ship) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-687 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-687 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-687 **第一項** 船舶所有権の移転は、その登記をし、かつ、船舶国籍証書に記載しなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。 art-687/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-687/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-687/par-1 The transfer of ownership of a ship may not be asserted against a third party unless it is registered and entered in the certificate of the vessel's nationality. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百八十八条（航海中の船舶を譲渡した場合の損益の帰属） — (Attribution of Profit and Loss in Case of Transfer of Ship at Sea) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-688 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-688 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-688 **第一項** 航海中の船舶を譲渡したときは、その航海によって生ずる損益は、譲受人に帰属する。 art-688/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-688/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-688/par-1 If a ship is transferred while it is at sea, profits and losses arising from the voyage are attributed to the transferee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百八十九条（航海中の船舶に対する差押え等の制限） — (Restriction on Seizure of Ships at Sea) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-689 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-689 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-689 **第一項** 差押え及び仮差押えの執行（仮差押えの登記をする方法によるものを除く。）は、航海中の船舶（停泊中のものを除く。）に対してはすることができない。 art-689/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-689/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-689/par-1 It is not permissible to carry out a seizure or provisional seizure (other than a provisional seizure by means of registration) of a ship that is at sea (excluding a ship that is at anchor). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九十条（船舶所有者の責任） — (Liability of Shipowner) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-690 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-690 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-690 **第一項** 船舶所有者は、船長その他の船員がその職務を行うについて故意又は過失によって他人に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。 art-690/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-690/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-690/par-1 A shipowner is liable to compensate for loss or damage that the mariners of the ship, including the master, cause to others intentionally or negligently in the course of performing their duties. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九十一条（社員の持分の売渡しの請求） — (Demanding That Members Sell Their Shares) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-691 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-691 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-691 **第一項** 持分会社の業務を執行する社員の持分の移転により当該持分会社の所有する船舶が日本の国籍を喪失することとなるときは、他の業務を執行する社員は、相当の対価でその持分を売り渡すことを請求することができる。 art-691/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-691/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-691/par-1 If a ship owned by a membership company would lose Japanese nationality due to the transfer of the share of a member in charge of executing its business, another member in charge of executing its business may demand that the member in question sell that share to the other member at a reasonable price. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第二款　船舶の共有 — Subsection 2 Co-ownership of Ships heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1/sec-2/subsec-2 ### 第六百九十二条（共有に係る船舶の利用） — (Use of Ships in Co-ownership) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-692 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-692 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-692 **第一項** 船舶共有者の間においては、船舶の利用に関する事項は、各船舶共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数で決する。 art-692/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-692/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-692/par-1 The particulars of the use of a ship are determined among the part owners of the ship by majority, in accordance with the value of the part owners' shares. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九十三条 art-693 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-693 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-693 **第一項** 船舶共有者は、その持分の価格に応じ、船舶の利用に関する費用を負担しなければならない。 art-693/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-693/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-693/par-1 The part owners of a ship must bear the costs for the use of the ship in proportion to the value of their shares. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九十四条（船舶共有者の持分買取請求） — (Requesting to Be Bought Out of One's Share as Part Owner of Ship) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-694 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-694 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-694 **第一項** 船舶共有者が次に掲げる事項を決定したときは、その決定について異議のある船舶共有者は、他の船舶共有者に対し、相当の対価で自己の持分を買い取ることを請求することができる。 art-694/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-694/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-694/par-1 When the part owners of a ship make a decision on the following matters, a part owner objecting to the decision may demand that the other part owners buy out the objecting part owner's share at a reasonable price: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 新たな航海（船舶共有者の間で予定されていなかったものに限る。）をすること。 art-694/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-694/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-694/par-1/item-1 to embark on a new voyage (limited to one that has not been planned among the part owners of the ship); or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 船舶の大修繕をすること。 art-694/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-694/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-694/par-1/item-2 to make a major repair to the ship. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定による請求をしようとする者は、同項の決定の日（当該決定に加わらなかった場合にあっては、当該決定の通知を受けた日の翌日）から三日以内に、他の船舶共有者又は船舶管理人に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。 art-694/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-694/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-694/par-2 A part owner of a ship seeking to make a demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must issue notice of this to the other part owners or the ship's manager within three days from the date of the decision referred to in that paragraph (in the case of a part owner who has not participated in the decision-making process, the day after the day on which the part owner is notified of the decision). Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A part owner of a ship seeking to make a demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must issue notice of this to the other part owners or the ship's husband within three days from the date of the decision referred to in that paragraph (in the case of a part owner who has not participated in the decision-making process, the day on which the part owner is notified of the decision)." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第六百九十五条（船舶共有者の第三者に対する責任） — (Liability of Part Owners of Ship to Third Parties) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-695 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-695 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-695 **第一項** 船舶共有者は、その持分の価格に応じ、船舶の利用について生じた債務を弁済する責任を負う。 art-695/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-695/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-695/par-1 The part owners of a ship are liable to perform the obligations arising from the use of the ship in proportion to the value of their shares. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九十六条（持分の譲渡） — (Transfer of Shares) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-696 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-696 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-696 **第一項** 船舶共有者の間に組合契約があるときであっても、各船舶共有者（船舶管理人であるものを除く。）は、他の船舶共有者の承諾を得ないで、その持分の全部又は一部を他人に譲渡することができる。 art-696/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-696/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-696/par-1 Even if the part owners of a ship have a partnership agreement, each part owner (excluding one that is the ship's manager) may transfer that part owner's share in whole or in part to another person without the consent of the other part owners. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "Even if the part owners of a ship have a partnership agreement, each part owner (excluding one that is the ship's husband) may transfer that part owner's share in whole or in part to another person without the consent of the other part owners." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第二項** 船舶管理人である船舶共有者は、他の船舶共有者の全員の承諾を得なければ、その持分の全部又は一部を他人に譲渡することができない。 art-696/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-696/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-696/par-2 The part owner of a ship that is the ship's manager may not transfer all or part of their share to another person without obtaining consent from all other part owners. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The part owner of a ship that is the ship's husband may not transfer all or part of their share to another person without obtaining consent from all other part owners." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第六百九十七条（船舶管理人） — (Ship's Manager) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Ship's Husband)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-697 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-697 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-697 **第一項** 船舶共有者は、船舶管理人を選任しなければならない。 art-697/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-697/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-697/par-1 The part owners of a ship must appoint a ship's manager. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The part owners of a ship must appoint a ship's husband." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第二項** 船舶共有者でない者を船舶管理人とするには、船舶共有者の全員の同意がなければならない。 art-697/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-697/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-697/par-2 All of the part owners of a ship must consent in order to appoint a person that is not a part owner as the ship's manager. machine translation, not official **第三項** 船舶共有者が船舶管理人を選任したときは、その登記をしなければならない。船舶管理人の代理権の消滅についても、同様とする。 art-697/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-697/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-697/par-3 The appointment of a ship's manager must be registered. The same applies to the extinguishment of the ship's manager's authority to represent the part owners. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The appointment of a ship's husband must be registered. The same applies to the extinguishment of the ship's husband's authority to represent the part owners." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第四項** 第九条の規定は、前項の規定による登記について準用する。 art-697/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-697/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-697/par-4 The provisions of Article 9 apply mutatis mutandis to the registration under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第六百九十八条（船舶管理人の代理権） — (Ship's Manager's Authority to Act as Agent) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Ship's Husband's Authority to Act as Agent)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-698 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698 **第一項** 船舶管理人は、次に掲げる行為を除き、船舶共有者に代わって船舶の利用に関する一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。 art-698/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-1 A ship's manager has the authority to perform any and all acts in and out of court on behalf of the part owners of the ship in connection with the use of the ship, except for those set forth in the following: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A ship's husband has the authority to perform any and all acts in and out of court on behalf of the part owners of the ship in connection with the use of the ship, except for those set forth in the following:" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **一** 船舶を賃貸し、又はこれについて抵当権を設定すること。 art-698/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-1/item-1 leasing the ship or mortgaging the ship; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 船舶を保険に付すること。 art-698/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-1/item-2 buying insurance for the ship; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 新たな航海（船舶共有者の間で予定されていなかったものに限る。）をすること。 art-698/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-1/item-3 embarking on a new voyage (limited to one that has not been planned among the part owners of the ship); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 船舶の大修繕をすること。 art-698/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-1/item-4 making a major repair to the ship; and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 借財をすること。 art-698/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-1/item-5 borrowing money. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 船舶管理人の代理権に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。 art-698/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-698/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-698/par-2 A limitation on the ship's manager's authority to act as agent may not be asserted against a third party in good faith. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A limitation on the ship's husband's authority to act as agent may not be asserted against a third party in good faith." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第六百九十九条（船舶管理人の義務） — (Obligations of Ship's Manager) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Liability of Ship's Husband)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-699 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-699 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-699 **第一項** 船舶管理人は、その職務に関する帳簿を備え、船舶の利用に関する一切の事項を記載しなければならない。 art-699/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-699/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-699/par-1 A ship's manager must keep books concerning their duties and enter in them all information concerning the use of the ship. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A ship's husband must keep books concerning their duties and enter in them all information concerning the use of the ship." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第二項** 船舶管理人は、一定の期間ごとに、船舶の利用に関する計算を行い、各船舶共有者の承認を求めなければならない。 art-699/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-699/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-699/par-2 The ship's manager must settle the accounts concerning the use of the ship for each specified period and request approval from the part owners of the ship. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The ship's husband must settle the accounts concerning the use of the ship for each specified period and request approval from the part owners of the ship." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第七百条（船舶共有者の持分の売渡しの請求等） — (Demanding That Part Owners of Ship Sell Their Shares) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-700 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-700 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-700 **第一項** 船舶共有者の持分の移転又は国籍の喪失により船舶が日本の国籍を喪失することとなるときは、他の船舶共有者は、相当の対価でその持分を売り渡すことを請求し、又は競売に付することができる。 art-700/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-700/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-700/par-1 If a ship would lose Japanese nationality due to the transfer of the share of a part owner of the ship or due to a part owner's loss of Japanese nationality, another part owner may demand that the part owner in question sell their share to the other part owner at a reasonable price or put the share up for auction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第三節　船舶賃貸借 — Section 3 Ship Leasing heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1/sec-3 ### 第七百一条（船舶賃貸借の対抗力） — (Validity of Ship Leasing Against Third Parties) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-701 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-701 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-701 **第一項** 船舶の賃貸借は、これを登記したときは、その後その船舶について物権を取得した者に対しても、その効力を生ずる。 art-701/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-701/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-701/par-1 After the leasing of a ship is registered, it is also valid against a person that later acquires a real right over the ship. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七百二条（船舶の賃借人による修繕） — (Repairs by Ship's Lessee) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-702 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-702 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-702 **第一項** 船舶の賃借人であって商行為をする目的でその船舶を航海の用に供しているものは、その船舶を受け取った後にこれに生じた損傷があるときは、その利用に必要な修繕をする義務を負う。ただし、その損傷が賃貸人の責めに帰すべき事由によるものであるときは、この限りでない。 art-702/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-702/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-702/par-1 A lessee of a ship that uses that ship in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting commercial transactions bears the obligation to make the repairs needed to enable the use of the ship if the ship incurs any damage after the lessee receives it; provided, however, that this does not apply if the cause of the damage is attributable to the lessor. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A lessee of a ship that uses that ship in a voyage at sea for the purpose of conducting commercial acts bears the obligation to make the repairs needed to enable the use of the ship if the ship incurs any damage after the lessee receives it; provided, however, that this does not apply if the cause of the damage is attributable to the lessor." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第七百三条（船舶の賃借人の権利義務等） — (Rights and Obligations of Ship's Lessee) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-703 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-703 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-703 **第一項** 前条に規定する船舶の賃借人は、その船舶の利用に関する事項については、第三者に対して、船舶所有者と同一の権利義務を有する。 art-703/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-703/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-703/par-1 A lessee of a ship prescribed in the preceding Article has the same rights and obligations as the shipowner toward third parties as it concerns particulars related to the use of the ship. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A lessee of a ship has the same rights and obligations as the shipowner toward third parties as it concerns particulars related to the use of the ship." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第二項** 前項の場合において、その船舶の利用について生じた先取特権は、船舶所有者に対しても、その効力を生ずる。ただし、船舶の賃借人によるその利用の態様が船舶所有者との契約に反することを先取特権者が知っていたときは、この限りでない。 art-703/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-703/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-703/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, any statutory lien arising from the use of the ship is also valid against the shipowner; provided, however, that this does not apply if the holder of the statutory lien knows that the manner in which the ship is used by the ship's lessee is in violation of the contract with the shipowner. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第四節　定期傭船 — Section 4 Time Charter heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-3/ch-1/sec-4 ### 第七百四条（定期傭船契約） — (Time Charter Contract) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-704 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-704 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-704 **第一項** 定期傭船契約は、当事者の一方が艤装した船舶に船員を乗り組ませて当該船舶を一定の期間相手方の利用に供することを約し、相手方がこれに対してその傭船料を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。 art-704/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-704/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-704/par-1 A time charter contract becomes effective by virtue of one party promising to man and equip a ship and to allow the other party to use the ship for a specified period, and the other party promising to pay the hire. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七百五条（定期傭船者による指示） — (Instructions by Time Charterer) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-705 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-705 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-705 **第一項** 定期傭船者は、船長に対し、航路の決定その他の船舶の利用に関し必要な事項を指示することができる。ただし、発航前の検査その他の航海の安全に関する事項については、この限りでない。 art-705/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-705/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-705/par-1 A time charterer may give instructions to the master concerning decisions on the ship's route and on other such necessary particulars related to the use of the ship; provided, however, that this does not apply to pre-departure inspections and other such particulars relevant to the safety of the voyage. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七百六条（費用の負担） — (Bearing of Costs) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-706 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-706 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-706 **第一項** 船舶の燃料、水先料、入港料その他船舶の利用に関する通常の費用は、定期傭船者の負担とする。 art-706/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-706/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-706/par-1 Fuel costs, pilotage charges, harbor charges, and any other ordinary costs incurred in connection with the use of a ship are borne by the time charterer. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第七百七条（運送及び船舶賃貸借に関する規定の準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Transportation and Ship Leasing) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-707 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-707 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-707 **第一項** 第五百七十二条、第七百三十九条第一項並びに第七百四十条第一項及び第三項の規定は定期傭船契約に係る船舶により物品を運送する場合について、第七百三条第二項の規定は定期傭船者の船舶の利用について生ずる先取特権について、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、第七百三十九条第一項中「発航の当時」とあるのは、「各航海に係る発航の当時」と読み替えるものとする。 art-707/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-707/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-707/par-1 The provisions of Article 572, Article 739, paragraph (1), and Article 740, paragraphs (1) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis when goods are transported by a ship under a time charter contract, and the provisions of Article 703, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a statutory lien arising from the use of a ship by a time charterer. In this case, the phrase "as of the time of the ship's departure" in Article 739, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "as of the time of the ship's departure for each voyage". Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of Article 572, Article 739, paragraph (1), and Article 740, paragraphs (1) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis when goods are transported by a ship under a time charter contract, and the provisions of Article 703, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a statutory lien arising from the use of a ship by a time charterer. In this case, the phrase "at the time of departure of the ship" in Article 739, paragraph (1) is deemed to be replaced with "at the time of departure of the ship for each voyage"." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb --- ## Cites - art-684/par-1: 第七百四十七条 → 商法 第七百四十七条 (Article 747), art-747 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-747 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-747 - art-686/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第六百八十六条第一項 (Article 686, paragraph (1)), art-686/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-686/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-686/par-1 - art-694/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第六百九十四条第一項 (Article 694, paragraph (1)), art-694/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-694/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-694/par-1 - art-697/par-4: 第九条 → 商法 第九条 (Article 9), art-9 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-9 - art-697/par-4: 前項 → 商法 第六百九十七条第三項 (Article 697, paragraph (3)), art-697/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-697/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-697/par-3 - art-703/par-1: 前条 → 商法 第七百二条 (Article 702), art-702 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-702 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-702 - art-703/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第七百三条第一項 (Article 703, paragraph (1)), art-703/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-703/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-703/par-1 - art-707/par-1: 第五百七十二条 → 商法 第五百七十二条 (Article 572), art-572 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-572 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-572 - art-707/par-1: 第七百三十九条第一項 → 商法 第七百三十九条第一項 (Article 739, paragraph (1)), art-739/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-739/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-739/par-1 - art-707/par-1: 第七百四十条第一項 → 商法 第七百四十条第一項 (Article 740, paragraph (1)), art-740/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-740/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-740/par-1 - art-707/par-1: 第三項 → 商法 第七百四十条第三項 (Article 740, paragraph (3)), art-740/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-740/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-740/par-3 - art-707/par-1: 第七百三条第二項 → 商法 第七百三条第二項 (Article 703, paragraph (2)), art-703/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-703/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-703/par-2 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-05 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 684, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 694, paragraph (2) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 696, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - 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