# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第八章 (Part 2, Chapter 8) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第八章 (Part 2, Chapter 8) — address `pt-2/ch-8` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-8 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第八章　運送営業 — Chapter VIII Transportation Business heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-8 ## 第一節　総則 — Section 1 General Provisions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-8/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-8/sec-1 ### 第五百六十九条 art-569 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-569 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-569 **第一項** この法律において、次の各号に掲げる用語の意義は、当該各号に定めるところによる。 art-569/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-569/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-569/par-1 In this Code, the meanings of the terms set forth in the following items are as prescribed respectively in those items: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 運送人　陸上運送、海上運送又は航空運送の引受けをすることを業とする者をいう。 art-569/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-569/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-569/par-1/item-1 carrier:a person in the business of undertaking land transportation, marine transportation or air transportation; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 陸上運送　陸上における物品又は旅客の運送をいう。 art-569/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-569/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-569/par-1/item-2 land transportation:transportation of goods or passengers on land; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 海上運送　第六百八十四条に規定する船舶（第七百四十七条に規定する非航海船を含む。）による物品又は旅客の運送をいう。 art-569/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-569/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-569/par-1/item-3 marine transportation:transportation of goods or passengers by ships prescribed in Article 684 (including non-seagoing vessels prescribed in Article 747); and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 航空運送　航空法（昭和二十七年法律第二百三十一号）第二条第一項に規定する航空機による物品又は旅客の運送をいう。 art-569/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-569/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-569/par-1/item-4 air transportation:transportation of goods or passengers by aircraft prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Aeronautics Act (Act No. 231 of 1952). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第二節　物品運送 — Section 2 Freight Transportation heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-8/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-8/sec-2 ### 第五百七十条（物品運送契約） — (Freight Transportation Contract) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-570 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-570 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-570 **第一項** 物品運送契約は、運送人が荷送人からある物品を受け取りこれを運送して荷受人に引き渡すことを約し、荷送人がその結果に対してその運送賃を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。 art-570/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-570/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-570/par-1 A freight transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to receive goods from a shipper and deliver them to a consignee, and the shipper promising to pay freight charges for that outcome. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十一条（送り状の交付義務等） — (Obligation to Issue Invoice) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-571 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571 **第一項** 荷送人は、運送人の請求により、次に掲げる事項を記載した書面（次項において「送り状」という。）を交付しなければならない。 art-571/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1 A shipper must issue a document containing the following information (referred to as an "invoice" in the following paragraph) at the request of a carrier: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 運送品の種類 art-571/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1/item-1 the type of the goods; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 運送品の容積若しくは重量又は包若しくは個品の数及び運送品の記号 art-571/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1/item-2 the volume or weight of the goods or the number of packages or items, and the marks of the goods; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **三** 荷造りの種類 art-571/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1/item-3 the type of packaging; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **四** 荷送人及び荷受人の氏名又は名称 art-571/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1/item-4 the names of the shipper and consignee; and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **五** 発送地及び到達地 art-571/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1/item-5 the place of shipment and the destination. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の荷送人は、送り状の交付に代えて、法務省令で定めるところにより、運送人の承諾を得て、送り状に記載すべき事項を電磁的方法（電子情報処理組織を使用する方法その他の情報通信の技術を利用する方法であって法務省令で定めるものをいう。以下同じ。）により提供することができる。この場合において、当該荷送人は、送り状を交付したものとみなす。 art-571/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-2 In lieu of issuing an invoice, the shipper referred to in the preceding paragraph may provide the information that is required to be contained in an invoice by electronic or magnetic means (meaning a means of using an electronic data processing system, or of otherwise employing information and communications technology, which is specified by Ministry of Justice Order; the same applies hereinafter), with the carrier's consent, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order. In this case, the shipper is deemed to have issued an invoice. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十二条（危険物に関する通知義務） — (Obligation to Give Notice of Dangerous Goods) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-572 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-572 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-572 **第一項** 荷送人は、運送品が引火性、爆発性その他の危険性を有するものであるときは、その引渡しの前に、運送人に対し、その旨及び当該運送品の品名、性質その他の当該運送品の安全な運送に必要な情報を通知しなければならない。 art-572/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-572/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-572/par-1 If the goods to be transported are goods of an inflammable, explosive or otherwise dangerous nature, a shipper, before delivering them, must notify a carrier of this fact and of the information necessary for their safe transportation, including the product name and nature of the goods. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十三条（運送賃） — (Freight Charges) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-573 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-573 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-573 **第一項** 運送賃は、到達地における運送品の引渡しと同時に、支払わなければならない。 art-573/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-573/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-573/par-1 Freight charges must be paid at the time the goods are delivered at the destination. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 運送品がその性質又は瑕疵によって滅失し、又は損傷したときは、荷送人は、運送賃の支払を拒むことができない。 art-573/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-573/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-573/par-2 If goods are lost or damaged due to the nature of or defect in the goods, the shipper may not refuse to pay freight charges. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十四条（運送人の留置権） — (Carrier's Right of Retention) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-574 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-574 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-574 **第一項** 運送人は、運送品に関して受け取るべき運送賃、付随の費用及び立替金（以下この節において「運送賃等」という。）についてのみ、その弁済を受けるまで、その運送品を留置することができる。 art-574/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-574/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-574/par-1 A carrier may retain goods only against the freight charges, ancillary costs, and money advanced receivable for the goods (hereinafter referred to as "freight charges and other receivables" in this Section), until the carrier is paid for these in full. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十五条（運送人の責任） — (Liability of Carrier) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-575 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-575 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-575 **第一項** 運送人は、運送品の受取から引渡しまでの間にその運送品が滅失し若しくは損傷し、若しくはその滅失若しくは損傷の原因が生じ、又は運送品が延着したときは、これによって生じた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、運送人がその運送品の受取、運送、保管及び引渡しについて注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。 art-575/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-575/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-575/par-1 If, between the receipt of goods and their delivery, those goods are lost or damaged or something occurs that causes them to be lost or damaged, or if their arrival is delayed, a carrier is liable to compensate for the resulting loss or damage; provided, however, that this does not apply if a carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in the receipt, transportation, storage, or delivery of the goods. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十六条（損害賠償の額） — (Amount of Damages) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Amount of Damage)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-576 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576 **第一項** 運送品の滅失又は損傷の場合における損害賠償の額は、その引渡しがされるべき地及び時における運送品の市場価格（取引所の相場がある物品については、その相場）によって定める。ただし、市場価格がないときは、その地及び時における同種類で同一の品質の物品の正常な価格によって定める。 art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-1 The amount of damages in the event of loss of or damage to goods is determined by the market price of the goods (or by quotations on an exchange, for goods for which this is applicable) at the place and time at which the goods are to be delivered; provided, however, that if there is no market price, this is determined by the normal price of goods of the same type and with the same quality at that place and time. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 運送品の滅失又は損傷のために支払うことを要しなくなった運送賃その他の費用は、前項の損害賠償の額から控除する。 art-576/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-2 Costs, including freight charges that are no longer payable due to the loss or damage to goods, are deducted from the amount of compensation for loss or damage referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項の規定は、運送人の故意又は重大な過失によって運送品の滅失又は損傷が生じたときは、適用しない。 art-576/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-3 The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply if the loss or damage to goods arises at the carrier's intention or due to the carrier's gross negligence. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十七条（高価品の特則） — (Special Provisions for Valuables) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-577 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577 **第一項** 貨幣、有価証券その他の高価品については、荷送人が運送を委託するに当たりその種類及び価額を通知した場合を除き、運送人は、その滅失、損傷又は延着について損害賠償の責任を負わない。 art-577/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577/par-1 A carrier is not liable for damages for loss of, damage to, or delayed arrival of cash, negotiable instruments, or other valuables, unless the shipper notifies the carrier of the type and value of the items in entrusting the carrier with transporting them. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、次に掲げる場合には、適用しない。 art-577/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 物品運送契約の締結の当時、運送品が高価品であることを運送人が知っていたとき。 art-577/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577/par-2/item-1 if the carrier knew that the goods were valuables when concluding the freight transportation contract; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 運送人の故意又は重大な過失によって高価品の滅失、損傷又は延着が生じたとき。 art-577/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577/par-2/item-2 if the loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of valuables arises at the carrier's intention or due to the carrier's gross negligence. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十八条（複合運送人の責任） — (Liability of Multimodal Transport Operators) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-578 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-578 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-578 **第一項** 陸上運送、海上運送又は航空運送のうち二以上の運送を一の契約で引き受けた場合における運送品の滅失等（運送品の滅失、損傷又は延着をいう。以下この節において同じ。）についての運送人の損害賠償の責任は、それぞれの運送においてその運送品の滅失等の原因が生じた場合に当該運送ごとに適用されることとなる我が国の法令又は我が国が締結した条約の規定に従う。 art-578/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-578/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-578/par-1 The liability of a carrier to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay (meaning loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of the goods; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) if it has undertaken two or more modes of transportation from among land transportation, marine transportation, and air transportation under a single contract is to be governed by the provisions of Japanese laws and regulations or treaties which Japan has signed that are to be applied to each mode of transportation if the thing that causes the loss, damage, or delay occurs during that mode of transportation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、陸上運送であってその区間ごとに異なる二以上の法令が適用されるものを一の契約で引き受けた場合について準用する。 art-578/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-578/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-578/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if a carrier, under a single contract, undertakes land transportation to which two or more different laws and regulations apply for each segment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百七十九条（相次運送人の権利義務） — (Rights and Obligations of Successive Carriers) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-579 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579 **第一項** 数人の運送人が相次いで陸上運送をするときは、後の運送人は、前の運送人に代わってその権利を行使する義務を負う。 art-579/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-1 If two or more carriers transport goods or passengers over land in succession, the second or subsequent carrier bears the obligation to exercise the rights of the previous carrier on its behalf. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合において、後の運送人が前の運送人に弁済をしたときは、後の運送人は、前の運送人の権利を取得する。 art-579/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the subsequent carrier pays the preceding carrier in full, the subsequent carrier acquires the rights of the previous carrier. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** ある運送人が引き受けた陸上運送についてその荷送人のために他の運送人が相次いで当該陸上運送の一部を引き受けたときは、各運送人は、運送品の滅失等につき連帯して損害賠償の責任を負う。 art-579/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-3 If, for the benefit of a shipper, a second carrier, in succession, undertakes a part of the land transportation that a first carrier has undertaken, these carriers are jointly and severally liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "If, for the benefit of a consignee, a second carrier, in succession, undertakes a part of the land transportation that a first carrier has undertaken, these carriers are jointly and severally liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第四項** 前三項の規定は、海上運送及び航空運送について準用する。 art-579/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-4 The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to marine transportation and air transportation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十条（荷送人による運送の中止等の請求） — (Shipper's Request for Discontinuation of Transportation) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-580 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-580 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-580 **第一項** 荷送人は、運送人に対し、運送の中止、荷受人の変更その他の処分を請求することができる。この場合において、運送人は、既にした運送の割合に応じた運送賃、付随の費用、立替金及びその処分によって生じた費用の弁済を請求することができる。 art-580/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-580/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-580/par-1 A shipper may request a carrier to take measures such as discontinuing transportation or changing the consignee. In this case, a carrier may demand payment of freight charges, ancillary costs, money advanced, and costs incurred for the measures, in proportion to the transportation already completed. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十一条（荷受人の権利義務等） — (Rights and Obligations of Consignees) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-581 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-581 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-581 **第一項** 荷受人は、運送品が到達地に到着し、又は運送品の全部が滅失したときは、物品運送契約によって生じた荷送人の権利と同一の権利を取得する。 art-581/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-581/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-581/par-1 Once the goods arrive at the destination, or if all of the goods are lost, the consignee acquires the same rights as those of the shipper that have arisen based on a freight transportation contract. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合において、荷受人が運送品の引渡し又はその損害賠償の請求をしたときは、荷送人は、その権利を行使することができない。 art-581/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-581/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-581/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the consignee seeks the delivery of goods or files a claim for damage to goods, the shipper may not exercise those rights. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 荷受人は、運送品を受け取ったときは、運送人に対し、運送賃等を支払う義務を負う。 art-581/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-581/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-581/par-3 Once a consignee receives goods, the consignee bears the obligation to pay freight charges and other receivables to the carrier. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十二条（運送品の供託及び競売） — (Depositing and Auctioning of Goods) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-582 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582 **第一項** 運送人は、荷受人を確知することができないときは、運送品を供託することができる。 art-582/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-1 A carrier may deposit goods with an official depository if the carrier is unable to ascertain the identity of the consignee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、運送人が荷送人に対し相当の期間を定めて運送品の処分につき指図をすべき旨を催告したにもかかわらず、荷送人がその指図をしないときは、運送人は、その運送品を競売に付することができる。 art-582/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the carrier demands that the shipper instruct it as to how to handle the goods within a reasonable period of time but the shipper does not give any such instructions, the carrier may put the goods up for auction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 損傷その他の事由による価格の低落のおそれがある運送品は、前項の催告をしないで競売に付することができる。 art-582/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-3 If the price of goods is likely to decline for reasons such as damage, the carrier may put the goods up for auction without making the demand referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 前二項の規定により運送品を競売に付したときは、運送人は、その代価を供託しなければならない。ただし、その代価の全部又は一部を運送賃等に充当することを妨げない。 art-582/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-4 If a carrier puts goods up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the carrier must deposit the proceeds from the auction with an official depository; provided, however, that this does not preclude the carrier from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the freight charges and other receivables. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 運送人は、第一項から第三項までの規定により運送品を供託し、又は競売に付したときは、遅滞なく、荷送人に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。 art-582/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-5 Once a carrier deposits goods with an official depository or puts goods up for auction pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) through (3), the carrier must notify the shipper of this without delay. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十三条 art-583 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-583 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-583 **第一項** 前条の規定は、荷受人が運送品の受取を拒み、又はこれを受け取ることができない場合について準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「運送人が」とあるのは「運送人が、荷受人に対し相当の期間を定めて運送品の受取を催告し、かつ、その期間の経過後に」と、同条第五項中「荷送人」とあるのは「荷送人及び荷受人」と読み替えるものとする。 art-583/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-583/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-583/par-1 The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis if a consignee refuses to receive or is unable to receive goods. In this case, the phrase "if the carrier demands that" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "if the carrier demands that the consignee receive goods within a reasonable period of time, and after the expiration of that period "; and the term "shipper" in paragraph (5) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "shipper and consignee". Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十四条（運送人の責任の消滅） — (Extinguishment of Carrier's Liability) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-584 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584 **第一項** 運送品の損傷又は一部滅失についての運送人の責任は、荷受人が異議をとどめないで運送品を受け取ったときは、消滅する。ただし、運送品に直ちに発見することができない損傷又は一部滅失があった場合において、荷受人が引渡しの日から二週間以内に運送人に対してその旨の通知を発したときは、この限りでない。 art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584/par-1 A carrier ceases to be liable for damage or partial loss of goods if the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection; provided, however, that this does not apply if the goods have incurred damage or a partial loss that cannot be immediately discovered, and the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、運送品の引渡しの当時、運送人がその運送品に損傷又は一部滅失があることを知っていたときは、適用しない。 art-584/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the carrier, at the time of delivering the goods, knows of the damage or partial loss they have incurred. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 運送人が更に第三者に対して運送を委託した場合において、荷受人が第一項ただし書の期間内に運送人に対して同項ただし書の通知を発したときは、運送人に対する第三者の責任に係る同項ただし書の期間は、運送人が当該通知を受けた日から二週間を経過する日まで延長されたものとみなす。 art-584/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584/par-3 If a carrier entrusts a third party with transportation, and a consignee issues notice to the carrier as referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) within the period referred to in the proviso to that paragraph, the period referred to in the proviso to that paragraph concerning a third party's liability to the carrier is deemed to have been extended to the final day in the two-week period that begins on the day on which the carrier received the notice. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十五条 art-585 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585 **第一項** 運送品の滅失等についての運送人の責任は、運送品の引渡しがされた日（運送品の全部滅失の場合にあっては、その引渡しがされるべき日）から一年以内に裁判上の請求がされないときは、消滅する。 art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-1 A carrier ceases to be liable for loss, damage, or delay if no claim is filed with the courts within one year from the day on which the goods are delivered (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, the day on which the goods should have been delivered). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の期間は、運送品の滅失等による損害が発生した後に限り、合意により、延長することができる。 art-585/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-2 The period referred to in the preceding paragraph may be extended by agreement only after damage has arisen as a result of the loss, damage, or delay. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 運送人が更に第三者に対して運送を委託した場合において、運送人が第一項の期間内に損害を賠償し又は裁判上の請求をされたときは、運送人に対する第三者の責任に係る同項の期間は、運送人が損害を賠償し又は裁判上の請求をされた日から三箇月を経過する日まで延長されたものとみなす。 art-585/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-3 If a carrier entrusts a third party with transportation, and the carrier provides compensation for loss or damage or has had a claim filed against it with the courts within the period referred to in paragraph (1), the period referred to in that paragraph concerning a third party's liability to the carrier is deemed to have been extended to the final day in the three-month period that begins on the day on which the carrier provided the compensation or had the claim filed against it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十六条（運送人の債権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription for Claims of Carrier) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-586 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-586 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-586 **第一項** 運送人の荷送人又は荷受人に対する債権は、これを行使することができる時から一年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。 art-586/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-586/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-586/par-1 A claim held by a carrier against a shipper or consignee is extinguished by prescription if the carrier does not exercise it during the one-year period that begins once the carrier has the right to exercise it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十七条（運送人の不法行為責任） — (Tort Liability of Carriers) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-587 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-587 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-587 **第一項** 第五百七十六条、第五百七十七条、第五百八十四条及び第五百八十五条の規定は、運送品の滅失等についての運送人の荷送人又は荷受人に対する不法行為による損害賠償の責任について準用する。ただし、荷受人があらかじめ荷送人の委託による運送を拒んでいたにもかかわらず荷送人から運送を引き受けた運送人の荷受人に対する責任については、この限りでない。 art-587/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-587/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-587/par-1 The provisions of Articles 576, 577, 584, and 585 apply mutatis mutandis to the liability of a carrier toward a shipper or consignee to compensate for damage in tort arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay; provided, however, that this does not apply to a carrier's liability to a consignee if the carrier undertakes transportation from the shipper even though the consignee had previously refused to have the goods transported through entrustment by the shipper. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百八十八条（運送人の被用者の不法行為責任） — (Tort Liability of Carrier's Employees) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-588 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-588 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-588 **第一項** 前条の規定により運送品の滅失等についての運送人の損害賠償の責任が免除され、又は軽減される場合には、その責任が免除され、又は軽減される限度において、その運送品の滅失等についての運送人の被用者の荷送人又は荷受人に対する不法行為による損害賠償の責任も、免除され、又は軽減される。 art-588/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-588/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-588/par-1 If, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, a carrier is subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss, damage, or delay, the carrier's employees are also subject to a release from or reduction in their liability to a shipper or consignee to compensate for damage in tort arising as a result of that loss, damage, or delay, to the extent of the carrier's release from or reduction in liability. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、運送人の被用者の故意又は重大な過失によって運送品の滅失等が生じたときは、適用しない。 art-588/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-588/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-588/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the loss, damage, or delay arises at the intention of the carrier's employee or due to the gross negligence of the carrier's employee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## 第三節　旅客運送 — Section 3 Passenger Transportation heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-8/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-8/sec-3 ### 第五百八十九条（旅客運送契約） — (Passenger Transportation Contracts) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-589 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-589 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-589 **第一項** 旅客運送契約は、運送人が旅客を運送することを約し、相手方がその結果に対してその運送賃を支払うことを約することによって、その効力を生ずる。 art-589/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-589/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-589/par-1 A passenger transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to transport a passenger, and the other party promising to pay transportation charges for that outcome. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A passenger transportation contract becomes effective by virtue of a carrier promising to transport a passenger, and the other party promising to pay freight charges for that outcome." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第五百九十条（運送人の責任） — (Carrier Liability) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-590 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-590 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-590 **第一項** 運送人は、旅客が運送のために受けた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、運送人が運送に関し注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。 art-590/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-590/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-590/par-1 A carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage a passenger incurs due to transportation; provided, however, that this does not apply if the carrier proves that it did not neglect to exercise due care in transporting the passenger. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百九十一条（特約禁止） — (Prohibition of Special Agreements) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-591 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-591 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-591 **第一項** 旅客の生命又は身体の侵害による運送人の損害賠償の責任（運送の遅延を主たる原因とするものを除く。）を免除し、又は軽減する特約は、無効とする。 art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-591/par-1 Any special agreement that makes the carrier subject to a release from or reduction in the liability to compensate for loss or damage to the life or person of a passenger (excluding the liability to compensate for loss or damage mainly arising from a delay in transportation) is void. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、次に掲げる場合には、適用しない。 art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-591/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-591/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply in the following cases: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 大規模な火災、震災その他の災害が発生し、又は発生するおそれがある場合において運送を行うとき。 art-591/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-591/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-591/par-2/item-1 if a carrier transports a passenger in the event or likely event of a large-scale fire, earthquake, or other such disaster; or Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 運送に伴い通常生ずる振動その他の事情により生命又は身体に重大な危険が及ぶおそれがある者の運送を行うとき。 art-591/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-591/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-591/par-2/item-2 if a carrier transports a passenger whose life or person is likely to be placed in material danger due to the vibrations normally occasioned by transportation or other such circumstances. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百九十二条（引渡しを受けた手荷物に関する運送人の責任等） — (Carrier Liability for Baggage Handed Over to It) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-592 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592 **第一項** 運送人は、旅客から引渡しを受けた手荷物については、運送賃を請求しないときであっても、物品運送契約における運送人と同一の責任を負う。 art-592/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-1 A carrier has the same liability as a carrier that is under a freight transportation contract with regard to the baggage that passengers have handed over to the carrier, even if the carrier does not claim any special freight charges for it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 運送人の被用者は、前項に規定する手荷物について、物品運送契約における運送人の被用者と同一の責任を負う。 art-592/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-2 A carrier's employee has the same liability as the employee of a carrier that is under a freight transportation contract, as it concerns the baggage provided for in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項に規定する手荷物が到達地に到着した日から一週間以内に旅客がその引渡しを請求しないときは、運送人は、その手荷物を供託し、又は相当の期間を定めて催告をした後に競売に付することができる。この場合において、運送人がその手荷物を供託し、又は競売に付したときは、遅滞なく、旅客に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。 art-592/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-3 If a passenger does not seek to have the baggage prescribed in paragraph (1) handed over within one week from the day on which the baggage arrives at the destination, a carrier may deposit the baggage with an official depository or may put it up for auction after issuing a notice for the passenger to seek to have it handed over within a reasonable period of time. In this case, once the carrier deposits the baggage with an official depository or puts it up for auction, the carrier must notify the passenger of this without delay. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "If a passenger does not seek to have the baggage prescribed in paragraph (1) handed over within one week from the day on which the baggage arrives at the destination, a carrier may deposit the baggage with an official depositary or may put it up for auction after issuing a notice for the passenger to seek to have it handed over within a reasonable period of time. In this case, once the carrier deposits the baggage with an official depository or puts it up for auction, the carrier must notify the passenger of this without delay." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第四項** 損傷その他の事由による価格の低落のおそれがある手荷物は、前項の催告をしないで競売に付することができる。 art-592/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-4 If the price of baggage is likely to decline for reasons such as damage, the carrier may put it up for auction without issuing the notice referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 前二項の規定により手荷物を競売に付したときは、運送人は、その代価を供託しなければならない。ただし、その代価の全部又は一部を運送賃に充当することを妨げない。 art-592/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-5 If a carrier puts baggage up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the carrier must deposit the proceeds from the auction; provided, however, that this does not preclude the carrier from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the freight charges. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 旅客の住所又は居所が知れないときは、第三項の催告及び通知は、することを要しない。 art-592/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-6 If a passenger's domicile or residence is unknown, the carrier is not required to issue the notice or notify the passenger as referred to in paragraph (3). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百九十三条（引渡しを受けていない手荷物に関する運送人の責任等） — (Carrier Liability for Baggage Not Handed Over to It) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-593 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-593 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-593 **第一項** 運送人は、旅客から引渡しを受けていない手荷物（身の回り品を含む。）の滅失又は損傷については、故意又は過失がある場合を除き、損害賠償の責任を負わない。 art-593/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-593/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-593/par-1 A carrier is not liable to compensate for loss or damage arising as a result of loss or damage to the baggage that a passenger has not handed over to the carrier (including a passenger's personal belongings), unless the carrier has intentionally or negligently caused the loss or damage. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第五百七十六条第一項及び第三項、第五百八十四条第一項、第五百八十五条第一項及び第二項、第五百八十七条（第五百七十六条第一項及び第三項、第五百八十四条第一項並びに第五百八十五条第一項及び第二項の規定の準用に係る部分に限る。）並びに第五百八十八条の規定は、運送人が前項に規定する手荷物の滅失又は損傷に係る損害賠償の責任を負う場合について準用する。この場合において、第五百七十六条第一項中「その引渡しがされるべき」とあるのは「その運送が終了すべき」と、第五百八十四条第一項中「荷受人が異議をとどめないで運送品を受け取った」とあるのは「旅客が運送の終了の時までに異議をとどめなかった」と、「荷受人が引渡しの日」とあるのは「旅客が運送の終了の日」と、第五百八十五条第一項中「運送品の引渡しがされた日（運送品の全部滅失の場合にあっては、その引渡しがされるべき日）」とあるのは「運送の終了の日」と読み替えるものとする。 art-593/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-593/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-593/par-2 The provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 587 (limited to the parts concerning the application mutatis mutandis of the provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), and Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2)), and Article 588 apply mutatis mutandis if a carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage that arises as a result of loss or damage to baggage as prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In this case: in Article 576, paragraph (1), the phrase "the goods are to be delivered" is deemed to be replaced with "the transportation is to be completed"; in Article 584, paragraph (1), the phrase "the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection" is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger has not raised any objection by the time of completion of transportation", and the phrase "the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery " is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of completion of transportation"; and in Article 585, paragraph (1), the phrase "the day on which the goods are delivered (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, the day on which the goods should have been delivered)" is deemed to be replaced with "the day of completion of transportation". Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 587 (limited to the parts concerning the application mutatis mutandis of the provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (3), Article 584, paragraph (1), and Article 585, paragraphs (1) and (2)), and Article 588 apply mutatis mutandis if a carrier is liable to compensate for loss or damage that arises as a result of loss or damage to baggage as prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In this case: in Article 576, paragraph (1), the phrase "the goods should have been delivered" is deemed to be replaced with "the transportation should have been completed"; in Article 584, paragraph (1), the phrase "the consignee receives the goods without raising any objection" is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger has not raised any objection by the time of completion of transportation", and the phrase "the consignee notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of delivery " is deemed to be replaced with "the passenger notifies the carrier of this within two weeks from the date of completion of transportation"; and in Article 585, paragraph (1), the phrase "the day on which the goods are delivered (or, in the event of a total loss of goods, the day on which the goods should have been delivered)" is deemed to be replaced with "the day of completion of transportation"." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第五百九十四条（運送人の債権の消滅時効） — (Extinctive Prescription of Carriers' Claims) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-594 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-594 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-594 **第一項** 第五百八十六条の規定は、旅客運送について準用する。 art-594/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-594/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-594/par-1 The provisions of Article 586 apply mutatis mutandis to passenger transportation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-569/par-1/item-3: 第六百八十四条 → 商法 第六百八十四条 (Article 684), art-684 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-684 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-684 - art-569/par-1/item-3: 第七百四十七条 → 商法 第七百四十七条 (Article 747), art-747 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-747 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-747 - art-569/par-1/item-4: 航空法（昭和二十七年法律第二百三十一号）第二条第一項 → e-Gov law 327AC0000000231, 第二条第一項 (Article 2, paragraph (1)), art-2/par-1 — not held in this collection - art-571/par-1: 次項 → 商法 第五百七十一条第二項 (Article 571, paragraph (2)), art-571/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-2 - art-571/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百七十一条第一項 (Article 571, paragraph (1)), art-571/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-571/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-571/par-1 - art-576/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百七十六条第一項 (Article 576, paragraph (1)), art-576/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-1 - art-576/par-3: 前二項 → 商法 第五百七十六条第一項 (Article 576, paragraph (1)), art-576/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-1 - art-576/par-3: 前二項 → 商法 第五百七十六条第二項 (Article 576, paragraph (2)), art-576/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-2 - art-577/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百七十七条第一項 (Article 577, paragraph (1)), art-577/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577/par-1 - art-578/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百七十八条第一項 (Article 578, paragraph (1)), art-578/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-578/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-578/par-1 - art-579/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百七十九条第一項 (Article 579, paragraph (1)), art-579/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-1 - art-579/par-4: 前三項 → 商法 第五百七十九条第一項 (Article 579, paragraph (1)), art-579/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-1 - art-579/par-4: 前三項 → 商法 第五百七十九条第二項 (Article 579, paragraph (2)), art-579/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-2 - art-579/par-4: 前三項 → 商法 第五百七十九条第三項 (Article 579, paragraph (3)), art-579/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-579/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-579/par-3 - art-581/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百八十一条第一項 (Article 581, paragraph (1)), art-581/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-581/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-581/par-1 - art-582/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百八十二条第一項 (Article 582, paragraph (1)), art-582/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-1 - art-582/par-3: 前項 → 商法 第五百八十二条第二項 (Article 582, paragraph (2)), art-582/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-2 - art-582/par-4: 前二項 → 商法 第五百八十二条第二項 (Article 582, paragraph (2)), art-582/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-2 - art-582/par-4: 前二項 → 商法 第五百八十二条第三項 (Article 582, paragraph (3)), art-582/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-3 - art-582/par-5: 第一項から第三項まで → 商法 第五百八十二条第一項 (Article 582, paragraph (1)), art-582/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-1 - art-582/par-5: 第一項から第三項まで → 商法 第五百八十二条第二項 (Article 582, paragraph (2)), art-582/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-2 - art-582/par-5: 第一項から第三項まで → 商法 第五百八十二条第三項 (Article 582, paragraph (3)), art-582/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-3 - art-583/par-1: 前条 → 商法 第五百八十二条 (Article 582), art-582 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582 - art-583/par-1: 同条第二項 → 商法 第五百八十二条第二項 (Article 582, paragraph (2)), art-582/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-2 - art-583/par-1: 同条第五項 → 商法 第五百八十二条第五項 (Article 582, paragraph (5)), art-582/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-582/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-582/par-5 - art-584/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百八十四条第一項 (Article 584, paragraph (1)), art-584/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584/par-1 - art-584/par-3: 第一項 → 商法 第五百八十四条第一項 (Article 584, paragraph (1)), art-584/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584/par-1 - art-585/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百八十五条第一項 (Article 585, paragraph (1)), art-585/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-1 - art-585/par-3: 第一項 → 商法 第五百八十五条第一項 (Article 585, paragraph (1)), art-585/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-1 - art-587/par-1: 第五百七十六条 → 商法 第五百七十六条 (Article 576), art-576 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576 - art-587/par-1: 第五百七十七条 → 商法 第五百七十七条 (Article 577), art-577 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-577 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-577 - art-587/par-1: 第五百八十四条 → 商法 第五百八十四条 (Article 584), art-584 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584 - art-587/par-1: 第五百八十五条 → 商法 第五百八十五条 (Article 585), art-585 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585 - art-588/par-1: 前条 → 商法 第五百八十七条 (Article 587), art-587 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-587 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-587 - art-588/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百八十八条第一項 (Article 588, paragraph (1)), art-588/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-588/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-588/par-1 - art-591/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百九十一条第一項 (Article 591, paragraph (1)), art-591/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-591/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-591/par-1 - art-592/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百九十二条第一項 (Article 592, paragraph (1)), art-592/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-1 - art-592/par-3: 第一項 → 商法 第五百九十二条第一項 (Article 592, paragraph (1)), art-592/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-1 - art-592/par-4: 前項 → 商法 第五百九十二条第三項 (Article 592, paragraph (3)), art-592/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-3 - art-592/par-5: 前二項 → 商法 第五百九十二条第三項 (Article 592, paragraph (3)), art-592/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-3 - art-592/par-5: 前二項 → 商法 第五百九十二条第四項 (Article 592, paragraph (4)), art-592/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-4 - art-592/par-6: 第三項 → 商法 第五百九十二条第三項 (Article 592, paragraph (3)), art-592/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-592/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-592/par-3 - art-593/par-2: 第五百七十六条第一項 → 商法 第五百七十六条第一項 (Article 576, paragraph (1)), art-576/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-1 - art-593/par-2: 第三項 → 商法 第五百七十六条第三項 (Article 576, paragraph (3)), art-576/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-576/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-576/par-3 - art-593/par-2: 第五百八十四条第一項 → 商法 第五百八十四条第一項 (Article 584, paragraph (1)), art-584/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-584/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-584/par-1 - art-593/par-2: 第五百八十五条第一項 → 商法 第五百八十五条第一項 (Article 585, paragraph (1)), art-585/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-1 - art-593/par-2: 第二項 → 商法 第五百八十五条第二項 (Article 585, paragraph (2)), art-585/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-585/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-585/par-2 - art-593/par-2: 第五百八十七条 → 商法 第五百八十七条 (Article 587), art-587 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-587 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-587 - art-593/par-2: 第五百八十八条 → 商法 第五百八十八条 (Article 588), art-588 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-588 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-588 - art-593/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百九十三条第一項 (Article 593, paragraph (1)), art-593/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-593/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-593/par-1 - art-594/par-1: 第五百八十六条 → 商法 第五百八十六条 (Article 586), art-586 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-586 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-586 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-05 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 576 — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 579, paragraph (3) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 589, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 592, paragraph (3) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 593, paragraph (2) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05