# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第六章 (Part 2, Chapter 6) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-6. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第六章 (Part 2, Chapter 6) — address `pt-2/ch-6` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-6 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-6 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第六章　問屋営業 — Chapter VI Business of Commission Merchants heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-6 ### 第五百五十一条（定義） — (Definition) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-551 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-551 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-551 **第一項** この章において「問屋」とは、自己の名をもって他人のために物品の販売又は買入れをすることを業とする者をいう。 art-551/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-551/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-551/par-1 The term "commission merchant" as used in this Chapter means a person in the business of selling or purchasing goods in its own name on behalf of another person. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百五十二条（問屋の権利義務） — (Rights and Obligations of Commission Merchants) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-552 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-552 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-552 **第一項** 問屋は、他人のためにした販売又は買入れにより、相手方に対して、自ら権利を取得し、義務を負う。 art-552/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-552/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-552/par-1 A commission merchant acquires rights against and bears obligations toward the other party personally by reason of a sale or purchase that the commission merchant makes on behalf of another person. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 問屋と委託者との間の関係については、この章に定めるもののほか、委任及び代理に関する規定を準用する。 art-552/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-552/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-552/par-2 In addition to the provisions of this Chapter, the provisions on mandates and agency apply mutatis mutandis between a commission merchant and a consignor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百五十三条（問屋の担保責任） — (Commission Merchant's Warranty) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-553 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-553 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-553 **第一項** 問屋は、委託者のためにした販売又は買入れにつき相手方がその債務を履行しないときに、自らその履行をする責任を負う。ただし、当事者の別段の意思表示又は別段の慣習があるときは、この限りでない。 art-553/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-553/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-553/par-1 A commission merchant is personally liable for performance if the other party fails to perform an obligation in a sale or purchase that the merchant has made on a consignor's behalf; provided, however, that this does not apply if the parties manifest a different intention or if custom dictates otherwise. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "A commission merchant is personally liable for performance if the other party fails to perform an obligation in a sale or purchase that the merchant has made on a consignor's behalf; provided, however, that this does not apply if the consignor manifests a different intention or if custom dictates otherwise." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb ### 第五百五十四条（問屋が委託者の指定した金額との差額を負担する場合の販売又は買入れの効力） — (Effect of Sale or Purchase if Commission Merchant Bears Difference in Prices from Amount Designated by Consignor) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Effect of Sale or Purchase if Commission Merchant Bears Difference in Prices from Amount Designated by Consigner)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-554 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-554 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-554 **第一項** 問屋が委託者の指定した金額より低い価格で販売をし、又は高い価格で買入れをした場合において、自らその差額を負担するときは、その販売又は買入れは、委託者に対してその効力を生ずる。 art-554/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-554/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-554/par-1 If a commission merchant sells goods at a price lower than that designated by the consignor or purchases goods at a price higher than that designated by the consignor but the merchant personally bears the difference, the sale or purchase is valid for the consignor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百五十五条（介入権） — (Right of Intervention) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-555 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-555 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-555 **第一項** 問屋は、取引所の相場がある物品の販売又は買入れの委託を受けたときは、自ら買主又は売主となることができる。この場合において、売買の代価は、問屋が買主又は売主となったことの通知を発した時における取引所の相場によって定める。 art-555/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-555/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-555/par-1 When a commission merchant is entrusted to sell or purchase goods for which there is a quotation on an exchange, the merchant may personally stand as the purchaser or seller. In this case, the sale or purchase price is determined by the quotation on the exchange at the time the commission merchant issues notice that it will stand as the purchaser or seller. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合においても、問屋は、委託者に対して報酬を請求することができる。 art-555/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-555/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-555/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the commission merchant may claim remuneration from the consignor. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百五十六条（問屋が買い入れた物品の供託及び競売） — (Deposit and Auction of Goods Purchased by Commission Merchant) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-556 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-556 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-556 **第一項** 問屋が買入れの委託を受けた場合において、委託者が買い入れた物品の受領を拒み、又はこれを受領することができないときは、第五百二十四条の規定を準用する。 art-556/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-556/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-556/par-1 The provisions of Article 524 apply mutatis mutandis if a commission merchant is entrusted with purchasing goods but the consignor refuses or is unable to receive the goods that the merchant has purchased. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百五十七条（代理商に関する規定の準用） — (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Commercial Agent) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-557 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-557 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-557 **第一項** 第二十七条及び第三十一条の規定は、問屋について準用する。 art-557/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-557/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-557/par-1 The provisions of Article 27 and Article 31 apply mutatis mutandis to commission merchants. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百五十八条（準問屋） — (Constructive Commission Merchants) caption: Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "(Constructive Commercial Merchants)" — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb art-558 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-558 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-558 **第一項** この章の規定は、自己の名をもって他人のために販売又は買入れ以外の行為をすることを業とする者について準用する。 art-558/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-558/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-558/par-1 The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis to a person in the business of undertaking acts other than selling or purchasing goods in its own name on behalf of another person. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-555/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百五十五条第一項 (Article 555, paragraph (1)), art-555/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-555/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-555/par-1 - art-556/par-1: 第五百二十四条 → 商法 第五百二十四条 (Article 524), art-524 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524 - art-557/par-1: 第二十七条 → 商法 第二十七条 (Article 27), art-27 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-27 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-27 - art-557/par-1: 第三十一条 → 商法 第三十一条 (Article 31), art-31 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-31 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-31 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-05 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 553, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 554 — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 558 — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05