# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第二章 (Part 2, Chapter 2) This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-2. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp. - Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 - English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第二章 (Part 2, Chapter 2) — address `pt-2/ch-2` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-2 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-2 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ## 第二章　売買 — Chapter II Sales Transactions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-2/ch-2 ### 第五百二十四条（売主による目的物の供託及び競売） — (Depositing and Auctioning Off of Object of Sale by Seller) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524 **第一項** 商人間の売買において、買主がその目的物の受領を拒み、又はこれを受領することができないときは、売主は、その物を供託し、又は相当の期間を定めて催告をした後に競売に付することができる。この場合において、売主がその物を供託し、又は競売に付したときは、遅滞なく、買主に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。 art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524/par-1 If, in a sales transaction between merchants, the buyer refuses to receive or is unable to receive the object of the sale, the seller may deposit the object or put it up for auction after demanding that the buyer receive the object within a reasonable period of time. In such a case, once the seller deposits the object or puts it up for auction, the seller must issue notice of this to the buyer without delay. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 損傷その他の事由による価格の低落のおそれがある物は、前項の催告をしないで競売に付することができる。 art-524/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524/par-2 If the price of an object is likely to decline for reasons such as damage, the seller may put it up for auction without making the demand referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項の規定により売買の目的物を競売に付したときは、売主は、その代価を供託しなければならない。ただし、その代価の全部又は一部を代金に充当することを妨げない。 art-524/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524/par-3 If a seller puts the object of a sales transaction up for auction pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the seller must deposit the proceeds of the auction; provided, however, that this does not preclude the seller from allocating all or part of the proceeds to cover the purchase price. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十五条（定期売買の履行遅滞による解除） — (Cancellation Due to Delays in Performance in Sales Transactions in Which Time Is of the Essence) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-525 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-525 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-525 **第一項** 商人間の売買において、売買の性質又は当事者の意思表示により、特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができない場合において、当事者の一方が履行をしないでその時期を経過したときは、相手方は、直ちにその履行の請求をした場合を除き、契約の解除をしたものとみなす。 art-525/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-525/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-525/par-1 In a sales transaction between merchants in which, due to the nature of the sale or the manifestation of intention of the parties, the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved unless the obligation is performed at a specified date and time or within a fixed period of time, if one of the parties fails to perform the obligation before the date and time or period passes, the other party is deemed to cancel the contract unless it immediately demands that the non-performing party perform the obligation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十六条（買主による目的物の検査及び通知） — (Inspection of Property by Buyer; Notice of Defects) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-526 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526 **第一項** 商人間の売買において、買主は、その売買の目的物を受領したときは、遅滞なく、その物を検査しなければならない。 art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526/par-1 In a sales transaction between merchants, upon receiving the object of the sales transaction the buyer must inspect it without delay. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、買主は、同項の規定による検査により売買の目的物が種類、品質又は数量に関して契約の内容に適合しないことを発見したときは、直ちに売主に対してその旨の通知を発しなければ、その不適合を理由とする履行の追完の請求、代金の減額の請求、損害賠償の請求及び契約の解除をすることができない。売買の目的物が種類又は品質に関して契約の内容に適合しないことを直ちに発見することができない場合において、買主が六箇月以内にその不適合を発見したときも、同様とする。 art-526/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526/par-2 In a case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the buyer, as a result of the inspection under the provisions of that paragraph, discovers that the object of the sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract in terms of its type, quality, or quantity, the buyer may not use that nonconformity as grounds to demand a cure of the breach, demand a reduction of the price, file a claim for damages, or cancel the contract, unless the buyer immediately issues notice of the nonconformity to the seller. The same applies if it is impossible to immediately discover that the object of a sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract in terms of its type or quality, when the buyer discovers that nonconformity within six months. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "In a case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the buyer, as a result of the inspection under the provisions of that paragraph, discovers that the object of the sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract in terms of its type, quality, or quantity, the buyer may not use that nonconformity as grounds to demand a cure of the breach, demand a reduction of the price, file a claim for damages, or cancel the contract, unless the buyer immediately issues notice of the nonconformity to the seller. The same applies if it is impossible to immediately discover that the object of a sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract with in terms of its type or quality, when the buyer discovers that nonconformity within six months." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb **第三項** 前項の規定は、売買の目的物が種類、品質又は数量に関して契約の内容に適合しないことにつき売主が悪意であった場合には、適用しない。 art-526/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526/par-3 The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the seller knows that the object of the sales transaction does not conform to the terms and conditions of the contract in terms of its type, quality, or quantity. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十七条（買主による目的物の保管及び供託） — (Storage and Depositing of Object of Sale by Buyer) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527 **第一項** 前条第一項に規定する場合においては、買主は、契約の解除をしたときであっても、売主の費用をもって売買の目的物を保管し、又は供託しなければならない。ただし、その物について滅失又は損傷のおそれがあるときは、裁判所の許可を得てその物を競売に付し、かつ、その代価を保管し、又は供託しなければならない。 art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-1 In a case prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the buyer must store or deposit the object of the sales transaction at the expense of the seller, even if the buyer cancels the contract; provided, however, that if the object is likely to be lost or damaged, the buyer must put it up for auction with the permission of the court and store or deposit the proceeds from the auction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項ただし書の許可に係る事件は、同項の売買の目的物の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。 art-527/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-2 A case in which a person seeks the permission referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph is subject to the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction over the locality of the object of the sales transaction referred to in that paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項の規定により買主が売買の目的物を競売に付したときは、遅滞なく、売主に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。 art-527/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-3 Once the buyer puts the object of a sales transaction up for auction pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), it must issue notice of this to the seller without delay. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 前三項の規定は、売主及び買主の営業所（営業所がない場合にあっては、その住所）が同一の市町村の区域内にある場合には、適用しない。 art-527/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-4 The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs do not apply if the seller's and buyer's places of business (or their domiciles, if they do not have places of business) are located within the limits of the same municipality. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第五百二十八条 art-528 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-528 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-528 **第一項** 前条の規定は、売主から買主に引き渡した物品が注文した物品と異なる場合における当該売主から買主に引き渡した物品及び売主から買主に引き渡した物品の数量が注文した数量を超過した場合における当該超過した部分の数量の物品について準用する。 art-528/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-528/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-528/par-1 The provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to goods delivered by the seller to the buyer which are different from the goods ordered, and also apply mutatis mutandis to any part of the goods delivered by the seller to the buyer which exceeds the quantity of goods ordered. Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "The provisions of the preceding Article apply to goods delivered by the seller to the buyer which are different from the goods ordered, and also applies to any part of the goods delivered by the seller to the buyer which exceeds the quantity of goods ordered." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb --- ## Cites - art-524/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百二十四条第一項 (Article 524, paragraph (1)), art-524/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524/par-1 - art-524/par-3: 前二項 → 商法 第五百二十四条第一項 (Article 524, paragraph (1)), art-524/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524/par-1 - art-524/par-3: 前二項 → 商法 第五百二十四条第二項 (Article 524, paragraph (2)), art-524/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-524/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-524/par-2 - art-526/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百二十六条第一項 (Article 526, paragraph (1)), art-526/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526/par-1 - art-526/par-3: 前項 → 商法 第五百二十六条第二項 (Article 526, paragraph (2)), art-526/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526/par-2 - art-527/par-1: 前条第一項 → 商法 第五百二十六条第一項 (Article 526, paragraph (1)), art-526/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-526/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-526/par-1 - art-527/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第五百二十七条第一項 (Article 527, paragraph (1)), art-527/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-1 - art-527/par-3: 第一項 → 商法 第五百二十七条第一項 (Article 527, paragraph (1)), art-527/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-1 - art-527/par-4: 前三項 → 商法 第五百二十七条第一項 (Article 527, paragraph (1)), art-527/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-1 - art-527/par-4: 前三項 → 商法 第五百二十七条第二項 (Article 527, paragraph (2)), art-527/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-2 - art-527/par-4: 前三項 → 商法 第五百二十七条第三項 (Article 527, paragraph (3)), art-527/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527/par-3 - art-528/par-1: 前条 → 商法 第五百二十七条 (Article 527), art-527 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-527 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-527 --- ## Sources - claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-11-05 - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 526, paragraph (2) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code (商法), Article 528, paragraph (1) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05 - This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05