# 商法 / Commercial Code — 第六章 (Part 1, Chapter 6)

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- Law: 商法 (Commercial Code), 明治三十二年法律第四十八号
- English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第六章 (Part 1, Chapter 6) — address `pt-1/ch-6`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-6
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-1/ch-6
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.

Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.

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## 第六章　商業使用人 — Chapter VI Mercantile Employees
<sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>pt-1/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/pt-1/ch-6</sup>

### 第二十条（支配人） — (Managers)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-20 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-20</sup>

  **第一項**  商人は、支配人を選任し、その営業所において、その営業を行わせることができる。
  <sup>art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-20/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-20/par-1</sup>
  A merchant may appoint a manager and have that manager carry out its business at its place of business.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第二十一条（支配人の代理権） — (Manager's Authority to Act as Agent)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-21 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-21</sup>

  **第一項**  支配人は、商人に代わってその営業に関する一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
  <sup>art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-21/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-21/par-1</sup>
  A manager has the authority to engage in all acts in and out of court on behalf of the merchant in connection with the merchant's business.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第二項**  支配人は、他の使用人を選任し、又は解任することができる。
  <sup>art-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-21/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-21/par-2</sup>
  A manager may appoint and dismiss other employees.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第三項**  支配人の代理権に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
  <sup>art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-21/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-21/par-3</sup>
  A limitation on a manager's authority to act as the merchant's agent may not be asserted against a third party in good faith.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第二十二条（支配人の登記） — (Registration of Managers)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-22 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-22</sup>

  **第一項**  商人が支配人を選任したときは、その登記をしなければならない。支配人の代理権の消滅についても、同様とする。
  <sup>art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-22/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-22/par-1</sup>
  If a merchant appoints a manager, this must be registered. The same applies if a manager ceases to have the authority to act as the merchant's agent.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第二十三条（支配人の競業の禁止） — (Non-Competition by Managers)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23</sup>

  **第一項**  支配人は、商人の許可を受けなければ、次に掲げる行為をしてはならない。
  <sup>art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1</sup>
  A manager must not engage in any of the following conduct without the permission of the merchant:
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **一**  自ら営業を行うこと。
    <sup>art-23/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-1</sup>
    carrying on an independent business;
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **二**  自己又は第三者のためにその商人の営業の部類に属する取引をすること。
    <sup>art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-2</sup>
    conducting a transaction that is in the merchant's line of business for the benefit of the manager or a third party;
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **三**  他の商人又は会社若しくは外国会社の使用人となること。
    <sup>art-23/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-3</sup>
    becoming the employee of another merchant or of a company or foreign company;
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **四**  会社の取締役、執行役又は業務を執行する社員となること。
    <sup>art-23/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-4</sup>
    becoming the director, executive officer, or executive managing member of a company.
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第二項**  支配人が前項の規定に違反して同項第二号に掲げる行為をしたときは、当該行為によって支配人又は第三者が得た利益の額は、商人に生じた損害の額と推定する。
  <sup>art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-2</sup>
  If a manager has engaged in the conduct set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph in violation of the provisions of that paragraph, the amount of profit that the manager or third party has earned as a result of the conduct is presumed to be the amount of damage that the merchant has incurred.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第二十四条（表見支配人） — (Apparent Manager)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-24 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-24</sup>

  **第一項**  商人の営業所の営業の主任者であることを示す名称を付した使用人は、当該営業所の営業に関し、一切の裁判外の行為をする権限を有するものとみなす。ただし、相手方が悪意であったときは、この限りでない。
  <sup>art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-24/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-24/par-1</sup>
  An employee with a title indicating that employee to be responsible for operations at a merchant's place of business is deemed to have the authority to engage in all acts out of court in connection with the operations of that place of business; provided, however, that this does not apply if the other party knows this not to be the case.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第二十五条（ある種類又は特定の事項の委任を受けた使用人） — (Employees Delegated with Performing Functions of a Certain Type or with Performing Specific Functions)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-25 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-25</sup>

  **第一項**  商人の営業に関するある種類又は特定の事項の委任を受けた使用人は、当該事項に関する一切の裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
  <sup>art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-25/par-1</sup>
  An employee that is delegated with performing functions of a certain type, or with performing specific functions, that are connected with the merchant's business has the authority to engage in all acts out of court in connection with those functions.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第二項**  前項の使用人の代理権に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
  <sup>art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-25/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-25/par-2</sup>
  A limitation on the authority of the employee referred to in the preceding paragraph to represent the merchant may not be asserted against a third party in good faith.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第二十六条（物品の販売等を目的とする店舗の使用人） — (Employees of Stores at Which It Is Intended That Goods Will Be Sold)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-26</sup>

  **第一項**  物品の販売等（販売、賃貸その他これらに類する行為をいう。以下この条において同じ。）を目的とする店舗の使用人は、その店舗に在る物品の販売等をする権限を有するものとみなす。ただし、相手方が悪意であったときは、この限りでない。
  <sup>art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-26/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-26/par-1</sup>
  The employee of a store at which it is intended that goods will be sold or otherwise transferred (meaning sold, rented out, or subject to any other similar action; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) is deemed to have the authority to sell or otherwise transfer the goods located in the store; provided, however, that this does not apply if the other party knows this not to be the case.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

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## Cites
- art-23/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第二十三条第一項 (Article 23, paragraph (1)), art-23/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1
- art-23/par-2: 同項第二号 → 商法 第二十三条第一項第二号 (Article 23, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-23/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-23/par-1/item-2
- art-25/par-2: 前項 → 商法 第二十五条第一項 (Article 25, paragraph (1)), art-25/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-25/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-25/par-1
- art-26/par-1: この条 → 商法 第二十六条 (Article 26), art-26 — https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/art-26 · https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048/art-26

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## Sources

- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05
- This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05