# 商法 / Commercial Code

This is the Markdown twin of https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code. Every law, and how to address a provision: https://japanlaw.org/llms.txt. The same laws as MCP tools (no sign-in): https://japanlaw.org/mcp.

- 明治三十二年法律第四十八号 · Act
- English title "Commercial Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code
- Permanent URL: https://japanlaw.org/l/132AC0000000048
- 264 articles in the main text, 195 articles in the 附則 (supplementary provisions).

This law's whole text runs past 200 KB as Markdown, so its twin here is its table of
contents. Each page of the law below has a twin of its own, at that page's path under /md,
with the same rules: the Japanese and the English of every provision, the source of each
English line, and every provision's address and URLs. Only the Japanese as published by the
government has legal effect.

One provision as Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/art-1

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## 本則 (the main text)

- 制定文（一） — Enacting Statement 1 — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/enact-1 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code#enact-1
- 制定文（二） — Enacting Statement 2 — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/enact-2 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code#enact-2
- 制定文（三） — Enacting Statement 3 — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/enact-3 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code#enact-3
- 制定文（四） — Enacting Statement 4 — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/enact-4 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code#enact-4
- 第一編　総則 — Part I General Provisions
  <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第一章　通則 — Chapter I General Rules · art-1 to art-3 · 10 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-1 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-1
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第二章　商人 — Chapter II Merchants · art-4 to art-7 · 11 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-2 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-2
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第三章　商業登記 — Chapter III Commercial Registration · art-8 to art-10 · 8 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-3 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-3
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第四章　商号 — Chapter IV Trade Names · art-11 to art-18-2 · 30 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-4 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-4
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第五章　商業帳簿 — Chapter V Commercial Books · art-19 · 6 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-5 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-5
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第六章　商業使用人 — Chapter VI Mercantile Employees · art-20 to art-26 · 23 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-6 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-6
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第七章　代理商 — Chapter VII Commercial Agents · art-27 to art-32-to-500 · 17 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-7 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-1/ch-7
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
- 第二編　商行為 — Part II Commercial Transactions
  <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第一章　総則 — Chapter I General Provisions · art-501 to art-522-to-523 · 62 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-1 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-1
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第二章　売買 — Chapter II Sales Transactions · art-524 to art-528 · 18 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-2 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-2
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第三章　交互計算 — Chapter III Open Accounts · art-529 to art-534 · 14 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-3 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-3
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第四章　匿名組合 — Chapter IV Silent Partnerships · art-535 to art-542 · 28 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-4 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-4
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第五章　仲立営業 — Chapter V Brokerage Business · art-543 to art-550 · 23 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-5 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-5
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第六章　問屋営業 — Chapter VI Business of Commission Merchants · art-551 to art-558 · 19 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-6 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-6
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第七章　運送取扱営業 — Chapter VII Freight Forwarding Business · art-559 to art-565-to-568 · 18 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-7 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-7
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第八章　運送営業 — Chapter VIII Transportation Business · art-569 to art-594 · 96 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
    - 第五百六十九条から第五百八十二条まで — Articles 569 to 582 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8/from-art-569
    - 第五百八十三条から第五百九十四条まで — Articles 583 to 594 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-8/from-art-583
  - 第九章　寄託 — Chapter IX Bailment · art-595 to art-618-to-683 · 67 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-9 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-2/ch-9
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
- 第三編　海商 — Part III Maritime Commerce
  <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第一章　船舶 — Chapter I Ships · art-684 to art-707 · 73 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-1
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第二章　船長 — Chapter II Ships' Master · art-708 to art-716-to-736 · 27 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-2 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-2
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第三章　海上物品運送に関する特則 — Chapter III Special Provisions on Marine Transportation of Goods · art-737 to art-771-to-787 · 121 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-3 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-3
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
    - 第七百三十七条から第七百五十五条まで — Articles 737 to 755 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-3/from-art-737
    - 第七百五十六条から第七百八十七条まで — Articles 756 to 787 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-3/from-art-756
  - 第四章　船舶の衝突 — Chapter IV Collision of Ships · art-788 to art-791 · 9 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-4 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-4
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第五章　海難救助 — Chapter V Marine Salvage · art-792 to art-807 · 52 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-5 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-5
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第六章　共同海損 — Chapter VI General Average · art-808 to art-813-to-814 · 38 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-6 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-6
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第七章　海上保険 — Chapter VII Marine Insurance · art-815 to art-831-to-841 · 55 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-7 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-7
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
  - 第八章　船舶先取特権及び船舶抵当権 — Chapter VIII Statutory Liens on Ships and Mortgages on Ships · art-842 to art-850 · 29 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-8 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/pt-3/ch-8
    <sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

## 附則・別表・様式 (supplementary provisions, appended tables and forms)

- 附　則 明治四四年五月三日法律第七三号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-1441-73 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-1441-73
- 附　則 昭和一二年八月一四日法律第七九号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3121-79 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3121-79
- 附　則 昭和一三年四月五日法律第七二号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3131-72 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3131-72
- 附　則 昭和二二年四月一六日法律第六一号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3221-61 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3221-61
- 附　則 昭和二二年九月一日法律第一〇〇号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3221-100 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3221-100
- 附　則 昭和二二年一二月二二日法律第二二三号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3221-223 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3221-223
- 附　則 昭和二三年七月一二日法律第一四八号 · 15 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3231-148 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3231-148
- 附　則 昭和二四年五月三一日法律第一三七号 · 4 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3241-137 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3241-137
- 附　則 昭和二五年五月一〇日法律第一六七号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3251-167 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3251-167
- 附　則 昭和二五年一二月二〇日法律第二九〇号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3251-290 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3251-290
- 附　則 昭和二六年六月八日法律第二〇九号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3261-209 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3261-209
- 附　則 昭和二六年六月八日法律第二一三号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3261-213 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3261-213
- 附　則 昭和二七年七月三一日法律第二六八号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3271-268 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3271-268
- 附　則 昭和三〇年六月三〇日法律第二八号 · 6 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3301-28 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3301-28
- 附　則 昭和三三年四月一五日法律第六二号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3331-62 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3331-62
- 附　則 昭和三三年四月三〇日法律第一〇六号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3331-106 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3331-106
- 附　則 昭和三七年四月二〇日法律第八二号 · 26 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3371-82 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3371-82
- 附　則 昭和三八年七月九日法律第一二六号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3381-126 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3381-126
- 附　則 昭和四一年六月一四日法律第八三号 · 8 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3411-83 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3411-83
- 附　則 昭和四一年七月一日法律第一一一号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3411-111 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3411-111
- 附　則 昭和四九年四月二日法律第二一号 · 32 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3491-21 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3491-21
- 附　則 昭和五〇年一二月二七日法律第九四号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3501-94 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3501-94
- 附　則 昭和五四年三月三〇日法律第五号 · 4 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3541-5 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3541-5
- 附　則 昭和五六年六月九日法律第七四号 · 29 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-3561-74 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-3561-74
- 附　則 平成元年一二月二二日法律第九一号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4011-91 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4011-91
- 附　則 平成二年六月二九日法律第六四号 · 56 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4021-64 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4021-64
- 附　則 平成五年六月一四日法律第六二号 · 15 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4051-62 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4051-62
- 附　則 平成六年六月二九日法律第六六号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4061-66 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4061-66
- 附　則 平成九年五月二一日法律第五六号 · 8 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4091-56 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4091-56
- 附　則 平成九年六月六日法律第七一号 · 4 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4091-71 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4091-71
- 附　則 平成九年一二月三日法律第一〇七号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4091-107 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4091-107
- 附　則 平成一〇年六月一五日法律第一〇七号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4101-107 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4101-107
- 附　則 平成一一年八月一三日法律第一二五号 · 10 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-125 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-125
- 附　則 平成一一年一二月八日法律第一五一号 · 8 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-151 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-151
- 附　則 平成一一年一二月二二日法律第一六〇号 · 4 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-160 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-160
- 附　則 平成一一年一二月二二日法律第二二五号 · 9 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-225 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4111-225
- 附　則 平成一二年五月三一日法律第九〇号 · 8 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4121-90 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4121-90
- 附　則 平成一三年六月八日法律第四一号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-41 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-41
- 附　則 平成一三年六月一五日法律第四九号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-49 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-49
- 附　則 平成一三年六月二九日法律第七九号 · 0 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-79 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-79
- 附　則 平成一三年一一月二八日法律第一二八号 · 20 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-128 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-128
- 附　則 平成一三年一二月一二日法律第一四九号 · 20 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-149 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4131-149
- 附　則 平成一四年五月二九日法律第四四号 · 31 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4141-44 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4141-44
- 附　則 平成一五年七月三〇日法律第一三二号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4151-132 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4151-132
- 附　則 平成一五年八月一日法律第一三四号 · 6 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4151-134 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4151-134
- 附　則 平成一五年八月一日法律第一三八号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4151-138 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4151-138
- 附　則 平成一六年六月二日法律第七六号 · 11 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-76 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-76
- 附　則 平成一六年六月九日法律第八七号 · 8 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-87 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-87
- 附　則 平成一六年六月九日法律第八八号 · 35 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-88 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-88
- 附　則 平成一六年一二月一日法律第一四七号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-147 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-147
- 附　則 平成一六年一二月三日法律第一五二号 · 7 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-152 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-152
- 附　則 平成一六年一二月三日法律第一五四号 · 9 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-154 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-154
- 附　則 平成一六年一二月一〇日法律第一六五号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-165 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4161-165
- 附　則 平成一七年七月二六日法律第八七号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4171-87 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4171-87
- 附　則 平成一八年六月一四日法律第六六号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4181-66 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4181-66
- 附　則 平成一八年一二月一五日法律第一〇九号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4181-109 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4181-109
- 附　則 平成一九年六月一三日法律第八五号 · 5 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4191-85 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4191-85
- 附　則 平成二〇年六月六日法律第五三号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4201-53 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4201-53
- 附　則 平成二〇年六月六日法律第五七号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4201-57 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4201-57
- 附　則 平成二三年五月二五日法律第五三号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4231-53 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4231-53
- 附　則 平成二六年五月三〇日法律第四二号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4261-42 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4261-42
- 附　則 平成二六年六月二七日法律第九一号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4261-91 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4261-91
- 附　則 平成二九年六月二日法律第四五号 · 2 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4291-45 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4291-45
- 附　則 平成三〇年五月二五日法律第二九号 · 43 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-4301-29 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-4301-29
- 附　則 令和三年六月一一日法律第六一号 · 3 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-5031-61 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-5031-61
- 附　則 令和八年六月二四日法律第四六号 · 6 provisions — Markdown: https://japanlaw.org/md/en/commercial-code/suppl-5081-46 · page: https://japanlaw.org/en/commercial-code/suppl-5081-46

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## Sources

- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 商法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/132AC0000000048/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-11-05
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Commercial Code — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4293/tb), retrieved 2026-11-05
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch commercial-code-20261105T141039-001, translated 2026-11-05
- claude-sonnet-5-5, corrected on review by claude-opus-5-5 — Machine translation corrected on review, batch commercial-code-20261105T141039-001, translated 2026-11-05
- This site's parser, version 224 — 商法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-11-05