# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第二十三条 (Article 23)

- Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号
- English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第二十三条 (Article 23)（裁判官の除斥） — address `art-23`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.

Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.

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### 第二十三条（裁判官の除斥） — (Disqualifying a Judge)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23</sup>

    **第一項**  裁判官は、次に掲げる場合には、その職務の執行から除斥される。ただし、第六号に掲げる場合にあっては、他の裁判所の嘱託により受託裁判官としてその職務を行うことを妨げない。
    <sup>art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1</sup>
    In the following cases, a judge is disqualified from performing the duties of a judge; provided, however, that in the case stated in item (vi), this does not preclude a judge from performing duties as a commissioned judge based on a commission from another court:
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **一**  裁判官又はその配偶者若しくは配偶者であった者が、事件の当事者であるとき、又は事件について当事者と共同権利者、共同義務者若しくは償還義務者の関係にあるとき。
      <sup>art-23/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-1</sup>
      if the judge, or the judge's spouse or former spouse, is a party to the case, or is related to a party to the case as a joint obligee, joint obligor, or obligor for redemption;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **二**  裁判官が当事者の四親等内の血族、三親等内の姻族若しくは同居の親族であるとき、又はあったとき。
      <sup>art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-2</sup>
      if the judge is or was formerly the relative of a party to the case within the fourth degree of consanguinity or the third degree of affinity, or is or was formerly the cohabiting relative of a party to the case;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **三**  裁判官が当事者の後見人、後見監督人、保佐人、保佐監督人、補助人又は補助監督人であるとき。
      <sup>art-23/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-3</sup>
      if the judge is the guardian, guardianship supervisor, curator, curatorship supervisor, assistant, or assistantship supervisor of a party to the case;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **四**  裁判官が事件について証人又は鑑定人となったとき。
      <sup>art-23/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-4</sup>
      if the judge becomes a witness or expert in the case;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **五**  裁判官が事件について当事者の代理人又は補佐人であるとき、又はあったとき。
      <sup>art-23/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-5</sup>
      if a judge is or was formerly a party's representative or assistant in court in the case;
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

      **六**  裁判官が事件について仲裁判断に関与し、又は不服を申し立てられた前審の裁判に関与したとき。
      <sup>art-23/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-6</sup>
      if the judge participated in granting an arbitral award in the case or participated in reaching the judicial decision in the prior instance against which an appeal has been entered.
      <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

    **第二項**  前項に規定する除斥の原因があるときは、裁判所は、申立てにより又は職権で、除斥の裁判をする。
    <sup>art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-2</sup>
    If any of the grounds for disqualification prescribed in the preceding paragraph exist, the court, upon petition or sua sponte, reaches a judicial decision to disqualify.
    <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

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## Cites
- art-23/par-1: 第六号 → 民事訴訟法 第二十三条第一項第六号 (Article 23, paragraph (1), item (vi)), art-23/par-1/item-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1/item-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1/item-6
- art-23/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二十三条第一項 (Article 23, paragraph (1)), art-23/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1

## Cited by

4 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction.

- 民事訴訟法 第二十三条第一項（裁判官の除斥） — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-1
- 民事訴訟法 第二十三条第二項（裁判官の除斥） — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-23/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-23/par-2
- 民事訴訟法 第九十二条の六第一項（専門委員の除斥及び忌避） — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-92-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-92-6/par-1
- 民事訴訟法 第九十二条の九第一項（知的財産に関する事件における裁判所調査官の除斥及び忌避） — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/art-92-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/408AC0000000109/art-92-9/par-1

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## Sources

- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20260624_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17
- This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17