# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第一章 (Part 3, Chapter 1) - Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号 - English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第一章 (Part 3, Chapter 1) — address `pt-3/ch-1` - Text: the text as amended with effect from 2028-12-23 (The date on which the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026) comes into force. The exact day is not fixed yet.) — NOT yet in force (revision 20281223_508AC0000000046) - URL (this text's page, at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1 - The same address in the text in force (its wording there may differ): https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-3/ch-1 - Every provision below carries its address and its place on this text's page on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. The Ministry's English is given only where this text's Japanese is a wording the Ministry translated — the same as the text in force, or for a text not yet in force, a wording it translated ahead; every other paragraph's English is machine translation. --- ## 第一章　控訴 — Chapter I Appeals to the Court of Second Instance heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-3/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1 ### 第二百八十一条（控訴をすることができる判決等） — (Judgments That Are Appealable to the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-281 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-281 **第一項** 控訴は、地方裁判所が第一審としてした終局判決又は簡易裁判所の終局判決に対してすることができる。ただし、終局判決後、当事者双方が共に上告をする権利を留保して控訴をしない旨の合意をしたときは、この限りでない。 art-281/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-281/par-1 An appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a final judgment that a district court has entered as the court of first instance, or against a final judgment entered by a summary court; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the final judgment is entered, both parties agree not to appeal to the court of second instance, though reserving the right to file a final appeal. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第十一条第二項及び第三項の規定は、前項の合意について準用する。 art-281/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-281/par-2 The provisions of Article 11, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to an agreement as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十二条（訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対する控訴の制限） — (Restriction on Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance Against Judicial Decisions on the Bearing of Court Costs) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-282 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-282 **第一項** 訴訟費用の負担の裁判に対しては、独立して控訴をすることができない。 art-282/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-282/par-1 No appeal to the court of second instance may be filed against a judicial decision on the bearing of court costs alone. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十三条（控訴裁判所の判断を受ける裁判） — (Judicial Decisions Subject to Judgment by the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-283 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-283 **第一項** 終局判決前の裁判は、控訴裁判所の判断を受ける。ただし、不服を申し立てることができない裁判及び抗告により不服を申し立てることができる裁判は、この限りでない。 art-283/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-283/par-1 Any judicial decision reached prior to a final judgment is subject to the judgment of the court of second instance; provided, however, that this does not apply to a judicial decision against which no appeal may be filed, nor to a judicial decision against which an appeal may be filed in the form of an appeal against a ruling. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十四条（控訴権の放棄） — (Waiver of the Right to Appeal to the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-284 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-284 **第一項** 控訴をする権利は、放棄することができる。 art-284/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-284/par-1 The right to appeal to the court of second instance may be waived. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十五条（控訴期間） — (Time Frame for Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-285 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-285 **第一項** 控訴は、電子判決書又は第二百五十四条第二項の規定により当事者及び法定代理人、主文、請求並びに理由の要旨が記録された電子調書の送達を受けた日から二週間の不変期間内に提起しなければならない。ただし、その期間前に提起した控訴の効力を妨げない。 art-285/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-285/par-1 An appeal to the court of second instance must be filed within an inalterable time frame of two weeks from the day on which the electronic judgment or an electronic record indicating the parties and legal representatives, the main text, the claims, and the gist of the grounds pursuant to the provisions of Article 254, paragraph (2) is served; provided, however, that this does not preclude the validity of an appeal to the court of second instance filed prior to that time frame. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十六条（控訴提起の方式） — (Formalities for Filing Appeals to the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-286 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-286 **第一項** 控訴の提起は、控訴状を第一審裁判所に提出してしなければならない。 art-286/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-286/par-1 An appeal to the court of second instance must be filed through the submission of a petition for appeal to the court of first instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 控訴状には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。 art-286/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-286/par-2 The following particulars must be entered in a petition for appeal: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 当事者及び法定代理人 art-286/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-286/par-2/item-1 the parties and legal representatives; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 第一審判決の表示及びその判決に対して控訴をする旨 art-286/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-286/par-2/item-2 an identification of the judgment in the first instance and an indication that this is the judgment against which the appeal is being filed. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十七条（第一審裁判所による控訴の却下） — (Denial of Appeals by the Court of First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-287 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-287 **第一項** 控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないことが明らかであるときは、第一審裁判所は、決定で、控訴を却下しなければならない。 art-287/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-287/par-1 If an appeal to the court of second instance is not in accordance with the law and this defect clearly cannot be corrected, the court of first instance must rule to deny the appeal, in the form of a ruling. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-287/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-287/par-2 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十八条（裁判長の控訴状審査権等） — (Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine a Petition for Appeal) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-288 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-288 **第一項** 第百三十七条の規定は控訴状が第二百八十六条第二項の規定に違反する場合について、第百三十七条の二の規定は民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い控訴の提起の手数料を納付しない場合について、それぞれ準用する。 art-288/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-288/par-1 The provisions of Article 137 apply mutatis mutandis if a petition for appeal to the court of second instance is in violation of Article 286, paragraph (2), and the provisions of Article 137-2 apply mutatis mutandis if a person has not paid the fees for filing an appeal to the court of second instance in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百八十九条（控訴状の送達） — (Service of a Petition for Appeal) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-289 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-289 **第一項** 控訴状は、被控訴人に送達しなければならない。 art-289/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-289/par-1 A petition for appeal must be served upon the appellee. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第百三十七条の規定は、控訴状の送達をすることができない場合（控訴状の送達に必要な費用を予納しない場合を含む。）について準用する。 art-289/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-289/par-2 The provisions of Article 137 apply mutatis mutandis if it is impossible to serve a petition for appeal (including if the necessary expenses for serving a petition for appeal have not been prepaid). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十条（口頭弁論を経ない控訴の却下） — (Denial of Appeals Without Hearing Oral Arguments) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-290 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-290 **第一項** 控訴が不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、控訴裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、控訴を却下することができる。 art-290/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-290/par-1 If an appeal to the court of second instance is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court of second instance may enter a judgment denying the appeal, without hearing oral arguments. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十一条（呼出費用の予納がない場合の控訴の却下） — (Denial of Appeals When Expenses for Summonses Have Not Been Prepaid) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-291 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-291 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて控訴人に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、決定で、控訴を却下することができる。 art-291/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-291/par-1 If the court of second instance has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered the appellant to prepay the necessary expenses for summoning the parties to appear for a court date in accordance with the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings, but those expenses have not been prepaid, the court may rule to deny the appeal, in the form of a ruling. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-291/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-291/par-2 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十二条（控訴の取下げ） — (Withdrawal of Appeals to the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-292 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-292 **第一項** 控訴は、控訴審の終局判決があるまで、取り下げることができる。 art-292/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-292/par-1 An appeal to the court of second instance may be withdrawn before the court of second instance enters a final judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第二百六十一条第三項及び第四項、第二百六十二条第一項並びに第二百六十三条の規定は、控訴の取下げについて準用する。 art-292/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-292/par-2 The provisions of Article 261, paragraphs (3) and (4), Article 262, paragraph (1) and Article 263 apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of appeals to the court of second instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十三条（附帯控訴） — (Incidental Appeals) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-293 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-293 **第一項** 被控訴人は、控訴権が消滅した後であっても、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、附帯控訴をすることができる。 art-293/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-293/par-1 An appellee may file an incidental appeal until such time as oral arguments are concluded, even if this is after the right to appeal to the court of second instance has expired. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 附帯控訴は、控訴の取下げがあったとき、又は不適法として控訴の却下があったときは、その効力を失う。ただし、控訴の要件を備えるものは、独立した控訴とみなす。 art-293/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-293/par-2 An incidental appeal expires if the appeal to the court of second instance is withdrawn or if the appeal to the court of second instance is denied as not in accordance with the law; provided, however, that an incidental appeal that meets the requirements for an appeal to the court of second instance is deemed to be an independent appeal to the court of second instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 附帯控訴については、控訴に関する規定による。ただし、附帯控訴の提起は、附帯控訴状を控訴裁判所に提出してすることができる。 art-293/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-293/par-3 Incidental appeals are governed by the provisions on appeals to the court of second instance; provided, however, that an incidental appeal may be filed through the submission of a petition for incidental appeal with the court of second instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十四条（第一審判決についての仮執行の宣言） — (Declaration of Provisional Enforcement for the Judgment in the First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-294 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-294 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、第一審判決について不服の申立てがない部分に限り、申立てにより、決定で、仮執行の宣言をすることができる。 art-294/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-294/par-1 Upon petition, the court of second instance may rule to issue a declaration of provisional enforceability, in the form of a ruling, but only with regard to the part of the judgment in the first instance against which no objection has been entered. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十五条（仮執行に関する裁判に対する不服申立て） — (Appeals Against a Judicial Decision Involving Provisional Enforcement) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-295 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-295 **第一項** 仮執行に関する控訴審の裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。ただし、前条の申立てを却下する決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-295/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-295/par-1 No objection may be entered against a judicial decision by the court of second instance involving provisional enforcement; provided, however, that an immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling to deny a petition as referred to in the preceding Article. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十六条（口頭弁論の範囲等） — (Scope of Oral Arguments) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-296 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-296 **第一項** 口頭弁論は、当事者が第一審判決の変更を求める限度においてのみ、これをする。 art-296/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-296/par-1 Oral arguments are conducted only within the bounds of the modification of the judgment in the first instance that the party seeks. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 当事者は、第一審における口頭弁論の結果を陳述しなければならない。 art-296/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-296/par-2 The parties must state the results of the oral arguments in the first instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十七条（第一審の訴訟手続の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Litigation Proceedings in the First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-297 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-297 **第一項** 前編第一章から第七章までの規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、控訴審の訴訟手続について準用する。ただし、第二百六十九条の規定は、この限りでない。 art-297/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-297/par-1 The provisions of Part II, Chapters I through VII, except as otherwise provided, apply mutatis mutandis to litigation proceedings in the second instance; provided, however, that this does not apply to Article 269. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十八条（第一審の訴訟行為の効力等） — (Effect of Procedural Acts from the First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-298 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-298 **第一項** 第一審においてした訴訟行為は、控訴審においてもその効力を有する。 art-298/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-298/par-1 Any procedural act performed in the first instance is also in effect in the second instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第百六十七条の規定は、第一審において準備的口頭弁論を終了し、又は弁論準備手続を終結した事件につき控訴審で攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について、第百七十八条の規定は、第一審において書面による準備手続を終結した事件につき同条の陳述又は確認がされた場合において控訴審で攻撃又は防御の方法を提出した当事者について準用する。 art-298/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-298/par-2 The provisions of Article 167 apply mutatis mutandis to a party that advances allegations and evidence in the second instance with regard to a case for which preliminary oral arguments or preparatory proceedings in the first instance have been closed, and the provisions of Article 178 apply mutatis mutandis to a party that advances allegations and evidence in the second instance if the statements or confirmation stated in that Article has been entered in a case for which written preparatory proceedings in the first instance have been closed. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第二百九十九条（第一審の管轄違いの主張の制限） — (Restrictions on Arguing Lack of Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-299 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-299 **第一項** 控訴審においては、当事者は、第一審裁判所が管轄権を有しないことを主張することができない。ただし、専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）については、この限りでない。 art-299/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-299/par-1 In the second instance, the parties may not argue that the court of first instance did not have jurisdiction; provided, however, that this does not apply with regard to exclusive jurisdiction (excluding that which is determined by agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の第一審裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、当該訴訟が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項ただし書の規定は、適用しない。 art-299/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-299/par-2 If the court of first instance referred to in the preceding paragraph is the court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the litigation is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of Article 6, paragraph (1), the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph do not apply. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百条（反訴の提起等） — (Filing of a Counterclaim) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-300 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-300 **第一項** 控訴審においては、反訴の提起は、相手方の同意がある場合に限り、することができる。 art-300/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-300/par-1 In the second instance, a counterclaim may be filed only with the consent of the adverse party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 相手方が異議を述べないで反訴の本案について弁論をしたときは、反訴の提起に同意したものとみなす。 art-300/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-300/par-2 If the adverse party presents an oral argument on the merits of a counterclaim without stating an objection to it, the adverse party is deemed to have consented to the filing of the counterclaim. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前二項の規定は、選定者に係る請求の追加について準用する。 art-300/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-300/par-3 The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to the addition of a claim concerning a person who has appointed someone to act as a lead party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百一条（攻撃防御方法の提出等の期間） — (Time Frame for Presenting Allegations and Evidence) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-301 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-301 **第一項** 裁判長は、当事者の意見を聴いて、攻撃若しくは防御の方法の提出、請求若しくは請求の原因の変更、反訴の提起又は選定者に係る請求の追加をすべき期間を定めることができる。 art-301/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-301/par-1 The presiding judge, after hearing the opinions of the parties, may specify the time frames for presenting allegations and evidence, amendment the claim or of the statement of the claims, filing a counterclaim, or adding a claim on behalf of or concerning appointing party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定により定められた期間の経過後に同項に規定する訴訟行為をする当事者は、裁判所に対し、その期間内にこれをすることができなかった理由を説明しなければならない。 art-301/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-301/par-2 A party that performs any of the procedural acts prescribed in the preceding paragraph after a time frame specified pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph has passed, must explain to the court the reasons that the party was unable to perform the act within that time frame. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百二条（控訴棄却） — (Dismissal of an Appeal ) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-302 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-302 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を相当とするときは、控訴を棄却しなければならない。 art-302/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-302/par-1 If the court of second instance finds the judgment in the first instance to be appropriate, it must dismiss the appeal. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第一審判決がその理由によれば不当である場合においても、他の理由により正当であるときは、控訴を棄却しなければならない。 art-302/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-302/par-2 Even if the reasons supplied do not justify the judgment in the first instance, if there is any other reason that does justify that judgment, the court of second instance must dismiss the appeal. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百三条（控訴権の濫用に対する制裁） — (Sanction Against the Abuse of the Right to Appeal to the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-303 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、前条第一項の規定により控訴を棄却する場合において、控訴人が訴訟の完結を遅延させることのみを目的として控訴を提起したものと認めるときは、控訴人に対し、控訴の提起の手数料として納付すべき金額の十倍以下の金銭の納付を命ずることができる。 art-303/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-1 If the court of second instance dismisses an appeal pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and it finds that the appellant has filed the appeal exclusively for the purpose of delaying the conclusion of the litigation, it may order the appellant to pay up to ten times the amount of fees that must be paid for filing an appeal with the court of second instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定による裁判は、判決の主文に掲げなければならない。 art-303/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-2 A judicial decision under the provisions of the preceding paragraph must be indicated in the main text of the judgment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項の規定による裁判は、本案判決を変更する判決の言渡しにより、その効力を失う。 art-303/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-3 A judicial decision under the provisions of paragraph (1) ceases to be valid if a judgment is rendered modifying the judgment on the merits. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 上告裁判所は、上告を棄却する場合においても、第一項の規定による裁判を変更することができる。 art-303/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-4 Even if the final appellate court dismisses a final appeal, it may modify a judicial decision under the provisions of paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 第百八十九条の規定は、第一項の規定による裁判について準用する。 art-303/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-5 The provisions of Article 189 apply mutatis mutandis to a judicial decision under the provisions of paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百四条（第一審判決の取消し及び変更の範囲） — (Scope of Reversal and Modification of a Judgment in the First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-304 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-304 **第一項** 第一審判決の取消し及び変更は、不服申立ての限度においてのみ、これをすることができる。 art-304/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-304/par-1 A judgment in the first instance may be reversed or modified only within the bounds of the objection entered against it. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百五条（第一審判決が不当な場合の取消し） — (Reversal in the Event of an Unjustified Judgment in the First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-305 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-305 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を不当とするときは、これを取り消さなければならない。 art-305/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-305/par-1 The court of second instance must set aside a judgment in the first instance if it finds that judgment to be unjustified. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百六条（第一審の判決の手続が違法な場合の取消し） — (Reversal in the Event of a Judgment by the Court of First Instance Made Upon Unlawful Procedure) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-306 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-306 **第一項** 第一審の判決の手続が法律に違反したときは、控訴裁判所は、第一審判決を取り消さなければならない。 art-306/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-306/par-1 If the procedure upon which the judgment in the first instance is made is in violation of the law, the court of second instance must set aside the judgment in the first instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百七条（事件の差戻し） — (Remanding of a Case) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-307 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-307 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、訴えを不適法として却下した第一審判決を取り消す場合には、事件を第一審裁判所に差し戻さなければならない。ただし、事件につき更に弁論をする必要がないときは、この限りでない。 art-307/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-307/par-1 If the court of second instance sets aside a judgment in the first instance that has dened the action as not in accordance with the law, it must remand the case to the court of first instance; provided, however, that this does not apply if additional oral arguments in the case are unnecessary. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百八条 art-308 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-308 **第一項** 前条本文に規定する場合のほか、控訴裁判所が第一審判決を取り消す場合において、事件につき更に弁論をする必要があるときは、これを第一審裁判所に差し戻すことができる。 art-308/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-308/par-1 In a case other than that which is prescribed in the main clause of the preceding Article, in which the court of second instance sets aside a judgment in the first instance, if additional oral arguments in the case are necessary, it may remand the case to the court of first instance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第一審裁判所における訴訟手続が法律に違反したことを理由として事件を差し戻したときは、その訴訟手続は、これによって取り消されたものとみなす。 art-308/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-308/par-2 If a case is remanded on the grounds that litigation proceedings in the court of first instance is in violation of the law, that litigation proceedings are deemed to have been set aside by the remand. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百九条（第一審の管轄違いを理由とする移送） — (Transfer on the Grounds of Lack of Jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-309 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-309 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、事件が管轄違いであることを理由として第一審判決を取り消すときは、判決で、事件を管轄裁判所に移送しなければならない。 art-309/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-309/par-1 If the court of second instance sets aside the judgment in the first instance on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction over the case, it must transfer the case to the court of jurisdiction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百十条（控訴審の判決における仮執行の宣言） — (Declaration of Provisional Enforceability in a Judgment by the Court of Second Instance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-310 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-310 **第一項** 控訴裁判所は、金銭の支払の請求（第二百五十九条第二項の請求を除く。）に関する判決については、申立てがあるときは、不必要と認める場合を除き、担保を立てないで仮執行をすることができることを宣言しなければならない。ただし、控訴裁判所が相当と認めるときは、仮執行を担保を立てることに係らしめることができる。 art-310/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-310/par-1 For a judgment involving a claim for the payment of money (excluding a claim stated in Article 259, paragraph (2)), the court of second instance, upon petition, must declare that a provisional enforceability may be effected without security being provided, unless it finds such a declaration to be unnecessary; provided, however, that if the court of second instance finds appropriate, it may require the provisions of security for provisional enforcement. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第三百十条の二（特許権等に関する訴えに係る控訴事件における合議体の構成） — (Composition of the Panel for the Appellate Case in a Prescribed IP Action) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-310-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-310-2 **第一項** 第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所が第一審としてした特許権等に関する訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴が提起された東京高等裁判所においては、当該控訴に係る事件について、五人の裁判官の合議体で審理及び裁判をする旨の決定をその合議体ですることができる。ただし、第二十条の二第一項の規定により移送された訴訟に係る訴えについての終局判決に対する控訴に係る事件については、この限りでない。 art-310-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-310-2/par-1 In the Tokyo High Court, if an appeal is filed against a final judgment that any of the courts specified in the items of Article 6, paragraph (1) enters as the court of first instance in a prescribed IP action, a panel of five judges may rule for the panel to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision on that case; provided, however, that this does not apply to a case that involves an appeal to the court of second instance, against a final judgment in an action for litigation that has been transferred pursuant to the provisions of Article 20-2, paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-281/par-2: 第十一条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第十一条第二項 (Article 11, paragraph (2)), art-11/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-11#art-11/par-2 - art-281/par-2: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第十一条第三項 (Article 11, paragraph (3)), art-11/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-11#art-11/par-3 - art-281/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百八十一条第一項 (Article 281, paragraph (1)), art-281/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-281/par-1 - art-285/par-1: 第二百五十四条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十四条第二項 (Article 254, paragraph (2)), art-254/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-5#art-254/par-2 - art-287/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百八十七条第一項 (Article 287, paragraph (1)), art-287/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-287/par-1 - art-288/par-1: 第百三十七条 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条 (Article 137), art-137 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137 - art-288/par-1: 第二百八十六条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百八十六条第二項 (Article 286, paragraph (2)), art-286/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-286/par-2 - art-288/par-1: 第百三十七条の二 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二 (Article 137-2), art-137-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2 - art-289/par-2: 第百三十七条 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条 (Article 137), art-137 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137 - art-291/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百九十一条第一項 (Article 291, paragraph (1)), art-291/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-291/par-1 - art-292/par-2: 第二百六十一条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十一条第三項 (Article 261, paragraph (3)), art-261/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-6#art-261/par-3 - art-292/par-2: 第四項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十一条第四項 (Article 261, paragraph (4)), art-261/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-6#art-261/par-4 - art-292/par-2: 第二百六十二条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十二条第一項 (Article 262, paragraph (1)), art-262/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-6#art-262/par-1 - art-292/par-2: 第二百六十三条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十三条 (Article 263), art-263 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-6#art-263 - art-295/par-1: 前条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百九十四条 (Article 294), art-294 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-294 - art-297/par-1: 第二百六十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第二百六十九条 (Article 269), art-269 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-7#art-269 - art-298/par-2: 第百六十七条 → 民事訴訟法 第百六十七条 (Article 167), art-167 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-3/from-art-161#art-167 - art-298/par-2: 第百七十八条 → 民事訴訟法 第百七十八条 (Article 178), art-178 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-3/from-art-161#art-178 - art-299/par-1: 第十一条 → 民事訴訟法 第十一条 (Article 11), art-11 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-11#art-11 - art-299/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百九十九条第一項 (Article 299, paragraph (1)), art-299/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-299/par-1 - art-299/par-2: 第六条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第六条第一項 (Article 6, paragraph (1)), art-6/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-3-8#art-6/par-1 - art-300/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百条第一項 (Article 300, paragraph (1)), art-300/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-300/par-1 - art-300/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百条第二項 (Article 300, paragraph (2)), art-300/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-300/par-2 - art-301/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百一条第一項 (Article 301, paragraph (1)), art-301/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-301/par-1 - art-303/par-1: 前条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百二条第一項 (Article 302, paragraph (1)), art-302/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-302/par-1 - art-303/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百三条第一項 (Article 303, paragraph (1)), art-303/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-1 - art-303/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百三条第一項 (Article 303, paragraph (1)), art-303/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-1 - art-303/par-4: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百三条第一項 (Article 303, paragraph (1)), art-303/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-1 - art-303/par-5: 第百八十九条 → 民事訴訟法 第百八十九条 (Article 189), art-189 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-4/from-art-179#art-189 - art-303/par-5: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第三百三条第一項 (Article 303, paragraph (1)), art-303/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-303/par-1 - art-308/par-1: 前条 → 民事訴訟法 第三百七条 (Article 307), art-307 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-3/ch-1#art-307 - art-310/par-1: 第二百五十九条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第二百五十九条第二項 (Article 259, paragraph (2)), art-259/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-5#art-259/par-2 - art-310-2/par-1: 第六条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第六条第一項 (Article 6, paragraph (1)), art-6/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-3-8#art-6/par-1 - art-310-2/par-1: 第二十条の二第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第二十条の二第一項 (Article 20-2, paragraph (1)), art-20-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-11#art-20-2/par-1 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text as 令和八年法律第四十六号 leaves it, from a date not yet fixed (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20281223_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17 - This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17