# 民事訴訟法 / Code of Civil Procedure — 第一章 (Part 2, Chapter 1) - Law: 民事訴訟法 (Code of Civil Procedure), 平成八年法律第百九号 - English title "Code of Civil Procedure": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第一章 (Part 2, Chapter 1) — address `pt-2/ch-1` - Text: the text as amended with effect from 2028-12-23 (The date on which the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026) comes into force. The exact day is not fixed yet.) — NOT yet in force (revision 20281223_508AC0000000046) - URL (this text's page, at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1 - The same address in the text in force (its wording there may differ): https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/pt-2/ch-1 - Every provision below carries its address and its place on this text's page on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. The Ministry's English is given only where this text's Japanese is a wording the Ministry translated — the same as the text in force, or for a text not yet in force, a wording it translated ahead; every other paragraph's English is machine translation. --- ## 第一章　訴え — Chapter I Actions heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System pt-2/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1 ### 第百三十四条（訴え提起の方式） — (Formalities of Filing of an Action) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-134 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134 **第一項** 訴えの提起は、訴状を裁判所に提出してしなければならない。 art-134/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134/par-1 An action must be filed through the submission of a complaint to the court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 訴状には、次に掲げる事項を記載しなければならない。 art-134/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134/par-2 The following information must be stated in the complaint: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 当事者及び法定代理人 art-134/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134/par-2/item-1 the parties and legal representatives; Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 請求の趣旨及び原因 art-134/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134/par-2/item-2 the prayer for relief and a statement of the claim. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十四条の二（証書真否確認の訴え） — (Action for Declaratory Judgment as to the Validity of a Certificate) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-134-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134-2 **第一項** 確認の訴えは、法律関係を証する書面の成立の真否を確定するためにも提起することができる。 art-134-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134-2/par-1 An action for declaratory judgment may also be filed to determine the authenticity of the provenance of a paper document that certifies a legal relationship. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十五条（将来の給付の訴え） — (Action for Future Performance) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-135 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-135 **第一項** 将来の給付を求める訴えは、あらかじめその請求をする必要がある場合に限り、提起することができる。 art-135/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-135/par-1 An action seeking future performance may be filed only if it is necessary to claim this in advance. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十六条（請求の併合） — (Joinder of Claims) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-136 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-136 **第一項** 数個の請求は、同種の訴訟手続による場合に限り、一の訴えですることができる。 art-136/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-136/par-1 Multiple claims may only be filed in a single action if they are handled through the same kind of litigation proceeding. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十七条（裁判長の訴状審査権） — (Presiding Judge's Authority to Examine a Complaint) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-137 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137 **第一項** 訴状が第百三十四条第二項の規定に違反する場合には、裁判長は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に不備を補正すべきことを命じなければならない。 art-137/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137/par-1 If a complaint is in violation of the provisions of Article 134, paragraph (2), the presiding judge must specify a reasonable time frame and order that the defect to be corrected within that time frame. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合において、原告が不備を補正しないときは、裁判長は、命令で、訴状を却下しなければならない。 art-137/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137/par-2 In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the plaintiff fails to correct the defect, the presiding judge must issue an order dismissing the complaint. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前項の命令に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-137/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137/par-3 An immediate appeal may be filed against an order as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十七条の二（訴えの提起の手数料の納付がない場合の訴状却下） — (Denial of Complaint in Case of Failure to Pay the Fees for Filing an Action) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-137-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2 **第一項** 民事訴訟費用等に関する法律（昭和四十六年法律第四十号）の規定に従い訴えの提起の手数料を納付しない場合には、裁判所書記官は、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に当該手数料を納付すべきことを命ずる処分をしなければならない。 art-137-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-1 If a person does not pay the fees for filing an action in accordance with the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings (Act No. 40 of 1971), a court clerk must specify a reasonable time frame and order them to pay the fees within that time frame. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の処分は、相当と認める方法で告知することによって、その効力を生ずる。 art-137-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-2 A disposition as referred to in the preceding paragraph takes effect when notice is given by a means that is considered appropriate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項の処分に対する異議の申立ては、その告知を受けた日から一週間の不変期間内にしなければならない。 art-137-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-3 Any objection to a disposition as referred to in paragraph (1) must be filed within an inalterable time frame of one week from the day on which the notice is received. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 前項の異議の申立ては、執行停止の効力を有する。 art-137-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-4 An objection under the preceding paragraph has the effect of a stay of enforcement. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第五項** 裁判所は、第三項の異議の申立てがあった場合において、第一項の処分において納付を命じた額を超える額の訴えの提起の手数料を納付すべきと認めるときは、相当の期間を定め、その期間内に当該額を納付すべきことを命じなければならない。 art-137-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-5 If an objection under paragraph (3) is filed and the court finds that the person will need to pay an amount of fees for filing an action that exceeds the amount the person was ordered to pay in the disposition referred to in paragraph (1), the court must specify a reasonable time frame and order the person to pay that amount within that time frame. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 第一項又は前項の場合において、原告が納付を命じられた手数料を納付しないときは、裁判長は、命令で、訴状を却下しなければならない。 art-137-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-6 In a case as referred to in paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph, if the plaintiff fails to pay the fees they have been ordered to pay, the presiding judge must issue an order denying the complaint. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第七項** 前項の命令に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。ただし、即時抗告をした者が、その者において相当と認める訴訟の目的の価額に応じて算出される民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定による訴えの提起の手数料を納付しないときは、この限りでない。 art-137-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-7 An immediate appeal may be filed against an order as referred to in the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person who files it fails to pay fees for filing an action under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings as calculated according to the value of the subject matter of litigation that the person finds to be appropriate. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第八項** 前項ただし書の場合には、原裁判所は、その即時抗告を却下しなければならない。 art-137-2/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-8 In a case as referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph, the court of prior instance must deny the immediate appeal. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第九項** 前項の規定による決定に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。 art-137-2/par-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-9 No appeal may be entered against a ruling on a petition under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十八条（訴状の送達） — (Service of a Complaint) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-138 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-138 **第一項** 訴状は、被告に送達しなければならない。 art-138/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-138/par-1 A complaint must be served on the defendant. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第百三十七条の規定は、訴状の送達をすることができない場合（訴状の送達に必要な費用を予納しない場合を含む。）について準用する。 art-138/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-138/par-2 The provisions of Article 137 apply mutatis mutandis if it is not possible to serve the complaint (including if the expenses necessary for serving the complaint are not prepaid). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百三十九条（口頭弁論期日の指定） — (Designation of a Date for Oral Arguments) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-139 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-139 **第一項** 訴えの提起があったときは、裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日を指定し、当事者を呼び出さなければならない。 art-139/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-139/par-1 When an action has been filed, the presiding judge must designate a date for oral arguments and summon the parties to appear. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十条（口頭弁論を経ない訴えの却下） — (Denial of an Action, Without Oral Arguments Being Heard) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-140 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-140 **第一項** 訴えが不適法でその不備を補正することができないときは、裁判所は、口頭弁論を経ないで、判決で、訴えを却下することができる。 art-140/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-140/par-1 If an action is not in accordance with the law and this defect cannot be corrected, the court may enter a judgment to deny the action without hearing oral arguments. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十一条（呼出費用の予納がない場合の訴えの却下） — (Denial of an Action When Expenses for a Summons Have Not Been Prepaid) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-141 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-141 **第一項** 裁判所は、民事訴訟費用等に関する法律の規定に従い当事者に対する期日の呼出しに必要な費用の予納を相当の期間を定めて原告に命じた場合において、その予納がないときは、被告に異議がない場合に限り、決定で、訴えを却下することができる。 art-141/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-141/par-1 If the court has specified a reasonable time frame and ordered the plaintiff to prepay the necessary expenses for summoning the parties to appear for a court date under the provisions of the Act on the Costs of Civil Proceedings, but those expenses have not been prepaid, the court may rule to deny the action, in the form of a ruling, but only if the defendant has no objection to this. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。 art-141/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-141/par-2 An immediate appeal may be filed against a ruling as referred to in the preceding paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十二条（重複する訴えの提起の禁止） — (Prohibition Against the Filing of Duplicate Actions) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-142 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-142 **第一項** 裁判所に係属する事件については、当事者は、更に訴えを提起することができない。 art-142/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-142/par-1 It is not permitted for a party to a case pending before the court to file another action in the case. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十三条（訴えの変更） — (Amending an Action) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-143 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143 **第一項** 原告は、請求の基礎に変更がない限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、請求又は請求の原因を変更することができる。ただし、これにより著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるときは、この限りでない。 art-143/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-1 As long as it does not fundamentally change the claims, the plaintiff may amend a claim for relief or the statement of the claim until the time that oral arguments reach their conclusion; provided, however, that this does not apply if doing so would substantially delay the litigation proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 請求の変更は、書面でしなければならない。 art-143/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-2 The amendment of a claim for relief must be effected by means of a paper document. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前項の書面は、相手方に送達しなければならない。 art-143/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-3 The paper document referred to in the preceding paragraph must be served upon the adverse party. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 裁判所は、請求又は請求の原因の変更を不当であると認めるときは、申立てにより又は職権で、その変更を許さない旨の決定をしなければならない。 art-143/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-4 If the court finds the amendment of the claim for relief or of the statement of the claims to be inappropriate, it must rule against permitting the amendment, upon petition or sua sponte. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十四条（選定者に係る請求の追加） — (Addition of Claims on Behalf of or Concerning an Appointing Party) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-144 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144 **第一項** 第三十条第三項の規定による原告となるべき者の選定があった場合には、その者は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、その選定者のために請求の追加をすることができる。 art-144/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144/par-1 If a person has been appointed to act as plaintiff as under the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (3), that person may add a claim on behalf of the appointing party, up until the time that oral arguments reach their conclusion. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 第三十条第三項の規定による被告となるべき者の選定があった場合には、原告は、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、その選定者に係る請求の追加をすることができる。 art-144/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144/par-2 If a person has been appointed to act as defendant as under the provisions of Article 30, paragraph (3), the plaintiff may add a claim concerning a person who has appointed that person to act as defendant up until the time that oral arguments reach a conclusion. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 前条第一項ただし書及び第二項から第四項までの規定は、前二項の請求の追加について準用する。 art-144/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144/par-3 The provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and paragraphs (2) through (4) of that paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to the addition of a claim as referred to in the preceding two paragraphs. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十五条（中間確認の訴え） — (Action with an Interlocutory Declaration) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-145 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145 **第一項** 裁判が訴訟の進行中に争いとなっている法律関係の成立又は不成立に係るときは、当事者は、請求を拡張して、その法律関係の確認の判決を求めることができる。ただし、その確認の請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属するときは、この限りでない。 art-145/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-1 If the judicial decision being sought in pending litigation is connected with the validity or invalidity of the legal relationship in dispute, a party may expand the claim and request a declaratory judgment concerning that legal relationship; provided, however, that this does not apply if the request for a declaration concerning that relationship is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の訴訟が係属する裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、前項の確認の請求が同条第一項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項ただし書の規定は、適用しない。 art-145/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-2 If litigation as referred to in the preceding paragraph is pending before the court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the request for a declaration as referred to in the preceding paragraph is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph do not apply. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 日本の裁判所が管轄権の専属に関する規定により第一項の確認の請求について管轄権を有しないときは、当事者は、同項の確認の判決を求めることができない。 art-145/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-3 If, pursuant to the provisions concerning exclusive jurisdiction, Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over a request for a declaration as referred to in paragraph (1), a party may not request a declaratory judgment as referred to in that paragraph. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 第百四十三条第二項及び第三項の規定は、第一項の規定による請求の拡張について準用する。 art-145/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-4 The provisions of Article 143, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the expansion of a claim under the provisions of paragraph (1). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十六条（反訴） — (Counterclaims) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-146 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146 **第一項** 被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、口頭弁論の終結に至るまで、本訴の係属する裁判所に反訴を提起することができる。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。 art-146/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-1 The defendant may file a counterclaim with the court where the principal action is pending up until the time that oral arguments reach a conclusion, but only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply in the following cases: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 反訴の目的である請求が他の裁判所の専属管轄（当事者が第十一条の規定により合意で定めたものを除く。）に属するとき。 art-146/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-1/item-1 if the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court (excluding one determined by an agreement between the parties pursuant to the provisions of Article 11); Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 反訴の提起により著しく訴訟手続を遅滞させることとなるとき。 art-146/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-1/item-2 if the filing of a counterclaim would substantially delay litigation proceedings. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 本訴の係属する裁判所が第六条第一項各号に定める裁判所である場合において、反訴の目的である請求が同項の規定により他の裁判所の専属管轄に属するときは、前項第一号の規定は、適用しない。 art-146/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-2 If the principal action is pending before a court specified in any of the items of Article 6, paragraph (1), and the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of another court pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of that Article, the provisions of item (i) of the preceding paragraph does not apply. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 日本の裁判所が反訴の目的である請求について管轄権を有しない場合には、被告は、本訴の目的である請求又は防御の方法と密接に関連する請求を目的とする場合に限り、第一項の規定による反訴を提起することができる。ただし、日本の裁判所が管轄権の専属に関する規定により反訴の目的である請求について管轄権を有しないときは、この限りでない。 art-146/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-3 If the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over a claim that is the subject matter of a counterclaim, the defendant may file a counterclaim pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a close bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a close bearing on the means of defense; provided, however, that this does not apply if the Japanese courts have no jurisdiction over the claim that is the subject matter of the counterclaim pursuant to the provisions on exclusive jurisdiction. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第四項** 反訴については、訴えに関する規定による。 art-146/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-4 Counterclaims are governed by the provisions on actions. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ### 第百四十七条（裁判上の請求による時効の完成猶予等） — (Postponement of the Expiration of the Prescription Period by Judicial Claim) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-147 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-147 **第一項** 訴えが提起されたとき、又は第百四十三条第二項（第百四十四条第三項及び第百四十五条第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の書面が裁判所に提出されたときは、その時に時効の完成猶予又は法律上の期間の遵守のために必要な裁判上の請求があったものとする。 art-147/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-147/par-1 The necessary judicial claim to postpone the expiration of the prescription period or to comply with a statutory time limit is considered to have been filed at the time when an action is filed, or at the time when the paper document referred to in Article 143, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 144, paragraph (3) and Article 145, paragraph (4)) is submitted to the court. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-137/par-1: 第百三十四条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十四条第二項 (Article 134, paragraph (2)), art-134/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-134/par-2 - art-137/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条第一項 (Article 137, paragraph (1)), art-137/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137/par-1 - art-137/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条第二項 (Article 137, paragraph (2)), art-137/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137/par-2 - art-137-2/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第一項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (1)), art-137-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-1 - art-137-2/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第一項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (1)), art-137-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-1 - art-137-2/par-4: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第三項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (3)), art-137-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-3 - art-137-2/par-5: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第三項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (3)), art-137-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-3 - art-137-2/par-5: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第一項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (1)), art-137-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-1 - art-137-2/par-6: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第一項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (1)), art-137-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-1 - art-137-2/par-6: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第五項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (5)), art-137-2/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-5 - art-137-2/par-7: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第六項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (6)), art-137-2/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-6 - art-137-2/par-8: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第七項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (7)), art-137-2/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-7 - art-137-2/par-9: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条の二第八項 (Article 137-2, paragraph (8)), art-137-2/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137-2/par-8 - art-138/par-2: 第百三十七条 → 民事訴訟法 第百三十七条 (Article 137), art-137 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-137 - art-141/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十一条第一項 (Article 141, paragraph (1)), art-141/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-141/par-1 - art-143/par-3: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第二項 (Article 143, paragraph (2)), art-143/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-2 - art-144/par-1: 第三十条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第三十条第三項 (Article 30, paragraph (3)), art-30/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-3/from-art-28#art-30/par-3 - art-144/par-2: 第三十条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第三十条第三項 (Article 30, paragraph (3)), art-30/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-3/from-art-28#art-30/par-3 - art-144/par-3: 前条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第一項 (Article 143, paragraph (1)), art-143/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-1 - art-144/par-3: 第二項から第四項まで → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第二項 (Article 143, paragraph (2)), art-143/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-2 - art-144/par-3: 第二項から第四項まで → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第三項 (Article 143, paragraph (3)), art-143/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-3 - art-144/par-3: 第二項から第四項まで → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第四項 (Article 143, paragraph (4)), art-143/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-4 - art-144/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十四条第一項 (Article 144, paragraph (1)), art-144/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144/par-1 - art-144/par-3: 前二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十四条第二項 (Article 144, paragraph (2)), art-144/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144/par-2 - art-145/par-1: 第十一条 → 民事訴訟法 第十一条 (Article 11), art-11 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-11#art-11 - art-145/par-2: 前項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十五条第一項 (Article 145, paragraph (1)), art-145/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-1 - art-145/par-2: 第六条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第六条第一項 (Article 6, paragraph (1)), art-6/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-3-8#art-6/par-1 - art-145/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十五条第一項 (Article 145, paragraph (1)), art-145/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-1 - art-145/par-4: 第百四十三条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第二項 (Article 143, paragraph (2)), art-143/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-2 - art-145/par-4: 第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第三項 (Article 143, paragraph (3)), art-143/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-3 - art-145/par-4: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十五条第一項 (Article 145, paragraph (1)), art-145/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-1 - art-146/par-1/item-1: 第十一条 → 民事訴訟法 第十一条 (Article 11), art-11 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-11#art-11 - art-146/par-2: 第六条第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第六条第一項 (Article 6, paragraph (1)), art-6/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-1/ch-2/from-art-3-8#art-6/par-1 - art-146/par-2: 前項第一号 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十六条第一項第一号 (Article 146, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-146/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-1/item-1 - art-146/par-3: 第一項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十六条第一項 (Article 146, paragraph (1)), art-146/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-146/par-1 - art-147/par-1: 第百四十三条第二項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十三条第二項 (Article 143, paragraph (2)), art-143/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-143/par-2 - art-147/par-1: 第百四十四条第三項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十四条第三項 (Article 144, paragraph (3)), art-144/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-144/par-3 - art-147/par-1: 第百四十五条第四項 → 民事訴訟法 第百四十五条第四項 (Article 145, paragraph (4)), art-145/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/code-of-civil-procedure/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000046/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-145/par-4 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事訴訟法 — the text as 令和八年法律第四十六号 leaves it, from a date not yet fixed (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/408AC0000000109/20281223_508AC0000000046), retrieved 2026-10-17 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Code of Civil Procedure — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4797/tb), retrieved 2026-10-17 - This site's parser, version 209 — 民事訴訟法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-17