# 民事執行法 / Civil Enforcement Act — 第百七十七条 (Article 177) - Law: 民事執行法 (Civil Enforcement Act), 昭和五十四年法律第四号 - English title "Civil Enforcement Act": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第百七十七条 (Article 177)（意思表示の擬制） — address `art-177` - Text in force since: 2026-05-21 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第百七十七条（意思表示の擬制） — (Constructive Manifestations of Intention) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-177 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177 **第一項** 意思表示をすべきことを債務者に命ずる判決その他の裁判が確定し、又は和解、認諾、調停若しくは労働審判に係る債務名義が成立したときは、債務者は、その確定又は成立の時に意思表示をしたものとみなす。ただし、債務者の意思表示が、債権者の証明すべき事実の到来に係るときは第二十七条第一項の規定により執行文が付与された時に、反対給付との引換え又は債務の履行その他の債務者の証明すべき事実のないことに係るときは次項又は第三項の規定により執行文が付与された時に意思表示をしたものとみなす。 art-177/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177/par-1 When a judgment or any other judicial decision ordering the obligor to manifest their intention has become final and binding, or when a title of obligation related to a settlement, acknowledgment, mediation or labor tribunal decision has been established, the obligor is deemed to have manifested their intention at the time when the judicial decision became final and binding or the title of obligation is established; provided, however, that if the manifestation of intention by the obligor relates to actualization of a fact to be proved by an obligee, the obligor is deemed to have manifested their intention at the time when an attestation of enforceability is granted pursuant to the provisions of Article 27, paragraph (1), and if it relates to an exchange with counter-performance or relates to absence of a fact to be proved by the obligor such as performance of an obligation, the obligor is deemed to have manifested their intention at the time when an attestation of enforceability is provided pursuant to the provisions of the following paragraph or paragraph (3). Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 債務者の意思表示が反対給付との引換えに係る場合においては、執行文は、債権者が反対給付又はその提供のあつたことを証する文書を提出したときに限り、付与することができる。 art-177/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177/par-2 If the obligor's manifestation of intention is in exchange for counter-performance, an attestation of enforceability may be granted only when the obligee has submitted a document proving that the counter-performance has been provided or its offer has been made. machine translation, not official **第三項** 債務者の意思表示が債務者の証明すべき事実のないことに係る場合において、執行文の付与の申立てがあつたときは、裁判所書記官は、債務者に対し一定の期間を定めてその事実を証明する文書を提出すべき旨を催告し、債務者がその期間内にその文書を提出しないときに限り、執行文を付与することができる。 art-177/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177/par-3 If the obligor's manifestation of intention concerns the absence of a fact to be proved by the obligor and a petition for granting an attestation of enforceability has been filed, a court clerk may demand that the obligor submit a document proving that fact, specifying a certain period for this, and may grant an attestation of enforceability only if the obligor fails to submit the document within that period. machine translation, not official --- ## Cites - art-177/par-1: 第二十七条第一項 → 民事執行法 第二十七条第一項 (Article 27, paragraph (1)), art-27/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-27/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-27/par-1 - art-177/par-1: 次項 → 民事執行法 第百七十七条第二項 (Article 177, paragraph (2)), art-177/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177/par-2 - art-177/par-1: 第三項 → 民事執行法 第百七十七条第三項 (Article 177, paragraph (3)), art-177/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177/par-3 ## Cited by 1 provision cites this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民事執行法 第百七十七条第一項（意思表示の擬制） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-enforcement-act/art-177/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/354AC0000000004/art-177/par-1 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民事執行法 — the text in force from 2026-05-21 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/354AC0000000004/20260521_505AC0000000053), retrieved 2026-10-19 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Enforcement Act — Ministry of Justice translation (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4900/tb), retrieved 2026-10-19 - claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-enforcement-act-20261019T093630-004, translated 2026-10-19 - This site's parser, version 204 — 民事執行法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-19