# 民法 / Civil Code — 第七章 (Part 5, Chapter 7)
- Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号
- English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第七章 (Part 5, Chapter 7) — address `pt-5/ch-7`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
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## 第七章 遺言 — Chapter VII Wills
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7
## 第一節 総則 — Section 1 General Provisions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-1
### 第九百六十条（遺言の方式） — (Formalities of Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-960 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-960 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-960
**第一項** 遺言は、この法律に定める方式に従わなければ、することができない。
art-960/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-960/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-960/par-1
A person's will may be made only in accordance with the formalities prescribed by this Code.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十一条（遺言能力） — (Testamentary Capacity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-961 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-961 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-961
**第一項** 十五歳に達した者は、遺言をすることができる。
art-961/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-961/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-961/par-1
Any person who has attained 15 years of age may make a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十二条
art-962 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-962 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-962
**第一項** 第五条、第九条、第十三条及び第十七条の規定は、遺言については、適用しない。
art-962/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-962/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-962/par-1
The provisions of Article 5, Article 9, Article 13, and Article 17 do not apply to wills.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十三条
art-963 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-963 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-963
**第一項** 遺言者は、遺言をする時においてその能力を有しなければならない。
art-963/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-963/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-963/par-1
At the time of making a will, the testator must have the capacity to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十四条（包括遺贈及び特定遺贈） — (Universal Legacy; Particular Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-964 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-964 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-964
**第一項** 遺言者は、包括又は特定の名義で、その財産の全部又は一部を処分することができる。
art-964/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-964/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-964/par-1
A testator may make a disposition of all or part of the testator's property, under a universal or particular title.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百六十五条（相続人に関する規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Heirs)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-965 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-965 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-965
**第一項** 第八百八十六条及び第八百九十一条の規定は、受遺者について準用する。
art-965/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-965/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-965/par-1
The provisions of Article 886 and Article 891 apply mutatis mutandis to legatees.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十六条（被後見人の遺言の制限） — (Restrictions on the Will of a Person under Guardianship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-966 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966
**第一項** 被後見人が、後見の計算の終了前に、後見人又はその配偶者若しくは直系卑属の利益となるべき遺言をしたときは、その遺言は、無効とする。
art-966/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966/par-1
A will is void if a person under guardianship makes it to the benefit of the guardian or the guardian's spouse or lineal relative before the guardian has finished accounting for the guardianship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、直系血族、配偶者又は兄弟姉妹が後見人である場合には、適用しない。
art-966/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the guardian is a lineal relative, spouse, or sibling of the ward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 遺言の方式 — Section 2 Formalities of Wills
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2
## 第一款 普通の方式 — Subsection 1 Standard Formalities
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第九百六十七条（普通の方式による遺言の種類） — (Types of Wills Made Using Standard Formalities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-967 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-967 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-967
**第一項** 遺言は、自筆証書、公正証書又は秘密証書によってしなければならない。ただし、特別の方式によることを許す場合は、この限りでない。
art-967/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-967/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-967/par-1
A will must be made in the form of a holographic instrument, notarial instrument, or sealed and notarized instrument; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is permissible to use a special formality.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百六十八条（自筆証書遺言） — (Holographic Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-968 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968
**第一項** 自筆証書によって遺言をするには、遺言者が、その全文、日付及び氏名を自書し、これに印を押さなければならない。
art-968/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-1
To make a will in the form of a holographic instrument, the testator must write the entire text, the date, and the testator's full name in the testator's own hand, and affix the testator's seal thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定にかかわらず、自筆証書にこれと一体のものとして相続財産（第九百九十七条第一項に規定する場合における同項に規定する権利を含む。）の全部又は一部の目録を添付する場合には、その目録については、自書することを要しない。この場合において、遺言者は、その目録の毎葉（自書によらない記載がその両面にある場合にあっては、その両面）に署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-968/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-2
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, if a list of all or part of the estate (including the rights prescribed in Article 997, paragraph (1) in the case prescribed in that paragraph) is attached to a holographic instrument as an integral part of it, the list need not be written in the testator's own hand. In this case, the testator must sign and affix the testator's seal on every sheet of the list (or, if there is writing not in the testator's own hand on both sides of a sheet, on both sides).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 自筆証書（前項の目録を含む。）中の加除その他の変更は、遺言者が、その場所を指示し、これを変更した旨を付記して特にこれに署名し、かつ、その変更の場所に印を押さなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-968/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-3
An insertion, deletion, or any other alteration to a holographic instrument (including the list referred to in the preceding paragraph) is not valid unless the testator specifically signs a supplementary note disclosing the location of the alteration and indicating that it has been made, and also affixes the testator's seal to the place that has been altered.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百六十九条（公正証書遺言） — (Notarial Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-969 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969
**第一項** 公正証書によって遺言をするには、次に掲げる方式に従わなければならない。
art-969/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1
For a will to be made in the form of a notarial instrument, it must be prepared according to the following formalities:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 証人二人以上の立会いがあること。
art-969/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1/item-1
at least two witnesses are present;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 遺言者が遺言の趣旨を公証人に口授すること。
art-969/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1/item-2
the testator gives oral instructions to a notary as to the tenor of the will;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の公正証書は、公証人法（明治四十一年法律第五十三号）の定めるところにより作成するものとする。
art-969/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-2
The notarial instrument referred to in the preceding paragraph is to be prepared as provided by the Notary Act (Act No. 53 of 1908).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第一項第一号の証人については、公証人法第三十条に規定する証人とみなして、同法の規定（同法第三十五条第三項の規定を除く。）を適用する。
art-969/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-3
With regard to the witness referred to in paragraph (1), item (i), the provisions of the Notary Act (excluding the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (3) of that Act) apply, deeming the witness to be a witness prescribed in Article 30 of that Act.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百六十九条の二（公正証書遺言の方式の特則） — (Special Provisions on the Formalities of a Notarial Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-969-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2
**第一項** 口がきけない者が公正証書によって遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、公証人及び証人の前で、遺言の趣旨を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は自書して、前条第一項第二号の口授に代えなければならない。
art-969-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2/par-1
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will in the form of a notarial instrument, the testator must give a statement as to the tenor of the will through an interpreter, or in the testator's own hand, before the notary and witnesses, in lieu of the oral instructions referred to in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 公証人は、前項に定める方式に従って公正証書を作ったときは、その旨をその証書に記載し、又は記録しなければならない。
art-969-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2/par-2
If a notarial instrument is prepared according to the formalities prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the notary must state or record that fact in the instrument.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百七十条（秘密証書遺言） — (Sealed and Notarized Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-970 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970
**第一項** 秘密証書によって遺言をするには、次に掲げる方式に従わなければならない。
art-970/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1
For a will to be made in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument, it must be prepared according to the following formalities:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 遺言者が、その証書に署名し、印を押すこと。
art-970/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-1
the testator signs and affixes the testator's seal to the instrument;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 遺言者が、その証書を封じ、証書に用いた印章をもってこれに封印すること。
art-970/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-2
the testator closes and seals the instrument and affixes a seal over the closure using the same seal as that which was used on the instrument;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 遺言者が、公証人一人及び証人二人以上の前に封書を提出して、自己の遺言書である旨並びにその筆者の氏名及び住所を申述すること。
art-970/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-3
the testator presents the closed and sealed instrument before one notary and at least two witnesses, indicating it to be the testator's own will and stating the full name and address of the person who wrote it;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 公証人が、その証書を提出した日付及び遺言者の申述を封紙に記載した後、遺言者及び証人とともにこれに署名し、印を押すこと。
art-970/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-4
after the notary writes the date on which the instrument was presented and the statement of the testator upon the closed and sealed instrument, the notary, together with the testator and the witnesses, sign it and affix their seals thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第九百六十八条第三項の規定は、秘密証書による遺言について準用する。
art-970/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-2
The provisions of Article 968, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to a will in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百七十一条（方式に欠ける秘密証書遺言の効力） — (Validity of a Sealed and Notarized Will with a Formal Deficiency)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-971 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-971 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-971
**第一項** 秘密証書による遺言は、前条に定める方式に欠けるものがあっても、第九百六十八条に定める方式を具備しているときは、自筆証書による遺言としてその効力を有する。
art-971/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-971/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-971/par-1
Even if a will that is in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument is deficient in terms of a formality prescribed in the preceding Article, it is valid as a will made in the form of a holographic instrument if prepared according to the formalities provided for in Article 968.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十二条（秘密証書遺言の方式の特則） — (Special Provisions on the Formalities of a Sealed and Notarized Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-972 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972
**第一項** 口がきけない者が秘密証書によって遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、公証人及び証人の前で、その証書は自己の遺言書である旨並びにその筆者の氏名及び住所を通訳人の通訳により申述し、又は封紙に自書して、第九百七十条第一項第三号の申述に代えなければならない。
art-972/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-1
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument, the testator must indicate that the instrument is the testator's own will and state the full name and address of the person that wrote it through an interpreter or write the same on the closed and sealed instrument in the testator's own hand before the notary and witnesses, in lieu of the making the statement referred to in Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iii).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、遺言者が通訳人の通訳により申述したときは、公証人は、その旨を封紙に記載しなければならない。
art-972/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-2
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the testator offers a statement through an interpreter, the notary must write an indication of this on the closed and sealed instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、遺言者が封紙に自書したときは、公証人は、その旨を封紙に記載して、第九百七十条第一項第四号に規定する申述の記載に代えなければならない。
art-972/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-3
In a case as referred to in paragraph (1), if the testator writes on the closed and sealed instrument in the testator's own hand, the notary must write an indication of this on the closed and sealed instrument in lieu of writing the statement as prescribed in Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iv).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十三条（成年被後見人の遺言） — (Will of an Adult Ward)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-973 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973
**第一項** 成年被後見人が事理を弁識する能力を一時回復した時において遺言をするには、医師二人以上の立会いがなければならない。
art-973/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973/par-1
At least two doctors must be present in order for an adult ward to make a will at a time that the ward's capacity to appreciate the situation at hand has recovered temporarily.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言に立ち会った医師は、遺言者が遺言をする時において精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力を欠く状態になかった旨を遺言書に付記して、これに署名し、印を押さなければならない。ただし、秘密証書による遺言にあっては、その封紙にその旨の記載をし、署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-973/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973/par-2
The doctors present during the making of a will must make a supplemental note on the will indicating that the testator did not lack the capacity to appreciate the situation at hand at the time of making the will, and must sign it and affix their seals thereto; provided, however, that for a will in the form of a sealed and notarized instrument, the doctors must write an indication to that effect on the closed and sealed instrument, sign it, and affix their seals thereto.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十四条（証人及び立会人の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as a Witness or Person Present)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-974 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974
**第一項** 次に掲げる者は、遺言の証人又は立会人となることができない。
art-974/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1
None of the following persons may be a witness or person present to observe a will:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 未成年者
art-974/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1/item-1
a minor;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 推定相続人及び受遺者並びにこれらの配偶者及び直系血族
art-974/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1/item-2
a presumptive heir or legatee, or the spouse or lineal relative of either; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 公証人の配偶者、四親等内の親族、書記及び使用人
art-974/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974/par-1/item-3
the spouse, relative within four degrees, secretary, or employee of the notary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十五条（共同遺言の禁止） — (Prohibition of Joint Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-975 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-975 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-975
**第一項** 遺言は、二人以上の者が同一の証書ですることができない。
art-975/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-975/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-975/par-1
A will may not be made by two or more persons on the same instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 特別の方式 — Subsection 2 Special Formalities
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第九百七十六条（死亡の危急に迫った者の遺言） — (Will Made by Person Rapidly Approaching Death)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-976 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976
**第一項** 疾病その他の事由によって死亡の危急に迫った者が遺言をしようとするときは、証人三人以上の立会いをもって、その一人に遺言の趣旨を口授して、これをすることができる。この場合においては、その口授を受けた者が、これを筆記して、遺言者及び他の証人に読み聞かせ、又は閲覧させ、各証人がその筆記の正確なことを承認した後、これに署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-1
If a person who is rapidly approaching death due to illness or any other reason seeks to make a will, that person may do so in the presence of not less than three witnesses by giving oral instructions as to the tenor of the person's will to one of the witnesses. The person receiving the oral instructions in such a case must transcribe them and read back the transcription for the testator and other witnesses to hear or have them inspect it, and then sign the transcription and affix the person's own seal thereto after each of the witnesses has confirmed its accuracy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 口がきけない者が前項の規定により遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、証人の前で、遺言の趣旨を通訳人の通訳により申述して、同項の口授に代えなければならない。
art-976/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-2
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the testator must state the tenor of the will through an interpreter before the witnesses in lieu of the oral instructions referred to in that paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項後段の遺言者又は他の証人が耳が聞こえない者である場合には、遺言の趣旨の口授又は申述を受けた者は、同項後段に規定する筆記した内容を通訳人の通訳によりその遺言者又は他の証人に伝えて、同項後段の読み聞かせに代えることができる。
art-976/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-3
If the testator or one of the other witnesses as referred to in the latter clause of paragraph (1) is deaf, the person receiving the oral instructions or statement as to the tenor of the person's will may convey the details of the transcription prescribed in that clause to the testator or other witness through an interpreter in lieu of reading it back for the person to hear as referred to in that clause.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定によりした遺言は、遺言の日から二十日以内に、証人の一人又は利害関係人から家庭裁判所に請求してその確認を得なければ、その効力を生じない。
art-976/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-4
A will made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs is not valid unless declared so by the family court, as requested by one of the witnesses or an interested party within twenty days of the creation of the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 家庭裁判所は、前項の遺言が遺言者の真意に出たものであるとの心証を得なければ、これを確認することができない。
art-976/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-5
The family court may not issue a declaratory judgment that a will as referred to in the preceding paragraph captures the true intention of the testator unless it has the abiding conviction that such is the case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十七条（伝染病隔離者の遺言） — (Will of a Person under Quarantine)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977
**第一項** 伝染病のため行政処分によって交通を断たれた場所に在る者は、警察官一人及び証人一人以上の立会いをもって遺言書を作ることができる。
art-977/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977/par-1
A person that, due to a communicable disease, is in a place that has been isolated pursuant to an administrative disposition may make a will in the presence of one police official and at least one witness.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十八条（在船者の遺言） — (Will of a Person Aboard a Vessel)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978
**第一項** 船舶中に在る者は、船長又は事務員一人及び証人二人以上の立会いをもって遺言書を作ることができる。
art-978/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978/par-1
A person aboard a ship may make a will in the presence of the ship's captain or crew member, and at least two witnesses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百七十九条（船舶遭難者の遺言） — (Will of a Person Aboard a Ship in Distress)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979
**第一項** 船舶が遭難した場合において、当該船舶中に在って死亡の危急に迫った者は、証人二人以上の立会いをもって口頭で遺言をすることができる。
art-979/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-1
If a ship is in distress, a person rapidly approaching death aboard that ship may make a will orally in the presence of at least two witnesses.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 口がきけない者が前項の規定により遺言をする場合には、遺言者は、通訳人の通訳によりこれをしなければならない。
art-979/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-2
In order for a testator who cannot speak to make a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the testator must do so through an interpreter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定に従ってした遺言は、証人が、その趣旨を筆記して、これに署名し、印を押し、かつ、証人の一人又は利害関係人から遅滞なく家庭裁判所に請求してその確認を得なければ、その効力を生じない。
art-979/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-3
A will made according to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs is not valid unless a witness transcribes the tenor thereof and signs and affixes the witness' seal to the transcription, and is also not valid without being declared so by the family court, as requested without delay by one of the witnesses or an interested party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第九百七十六条第五項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-979/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-4
The provisions of Article 976, paragraph (5) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十条（遺言関係者の署名及び押印） — (Signatures and Seals of Persons Connected with the Making of a Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-980 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-980 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-980
**第一項** 第九百七十七条及び第九百七十八条の場合には、遺言者、筆者、立会人及び証人は、各自遺言書に署名し、印を押さなければならない。
art-980/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-980/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-980/par-1
In a case as referred to in Article 977 or Article 978, the testator, person who transcribed the will, persons present, and witnesses must sign and affix their seals to the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十一条（署名又は押印が不能の場合） — (If It Is Not Possible to Sign or Affix a Seal)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-981 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-981 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-981
**第一項** 第九百七十七条から第九百七十九条までの場合において、署名又は印を押すことのできない者があるときは、立会人又は証人は、その事由を付記しなければならない。
art-981/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-981/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-981/par-1
In a case as referred to in one of Article 977 through Article 979, if there is a person who is unable to sign or affix a seal, a person present or a witness must make a supplementary note of the reason for this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十二条（普通の方式による遺言の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Wills Made Using Standard Formalities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-982 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-982 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-982
**第一項** 第九百六十八条第三項及び第九百七十三条から第九百七十五条までの規定は、第九百七十六条から前条までの規定による遺言について準用する。
art-982/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-982/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-982/par-1
The provisions of Article 968, paragraph (3) and Article 973 through Article 975 apply mutatis mutandis to a will under the provisions of Article 976 through Article 981.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百八十三条（特別の方式による遺言の効力） — (Validity of Wills Made Using Special Formalities)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-983 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-983 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-983
**第一項** 第九百七十六条から前条までの規定によりした遺言は、遺言者が普通の方式によって遺言をすることができるようになった時から六箇月間生存するときは、その効力を生じない。
art-983/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-983/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-983/par-1
A will made pursuant to the provisions of Article 976 through Article 982 is not valid if the testator survives for a period of six months from the time the testator recovers the ability to make a will using standard formalities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十四条（外国に在る日本人の遺言の方式） — (Formalities for Wills by Japanese Nationals in a Foreign Country)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-984 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-984 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-984
**第一項** 日本の領事の駐在する地に在る日本人が公正証書又は秘密証書によって遺言をしようとするときは、公証人の職務は、領事が行う。この場合においては、第九百七十条第一項第四号の規定にかかわらず、遺言者及び証人は、同号の印を押すことを要しない。
art-984/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-984/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-984/par-1
If a Japanese national who is in a country where there is a Japanese consulate seeks to make a will in the form of a notarial instrument or sealed and notarized instrument, the duties of the notary are undertaken by the consulate. In this case, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iv), the testator and the witnesses are not required to affix the seal referred to in that item.
machine translation, not official
## 第三節 遺言の効力 — Section 3 Effect of a Will
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-3
### 第九百八十五条（遺言の効力の発生時期） — (When the Effect of a Will Arises)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-985 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-985 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-985
**第一項** 遺言は、遺言者の死亡の時からその効力を生ずる。
art-985/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-985/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-985/par-1
A will takes effect at the time of the testator's death.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言に停止条件を付した場合において、その条件が遺言者の死亡後に成就したときは、遺言は、条件が成就した時からその効力を生ずる。
art-985/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-985/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-985/par-2
If a will contains a condition precedent and the condition is fulfilled after the death of the testator, the will takes effect from the time that condition is fulfilled.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十六条（遺贈の放棄） — (Renunciation of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-986 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-986 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-986
**第一項** 受遺者は、遺言者の死亡後、いつでも、遺贈の放棄をすることができる。
art-986/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-986/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-986/par-1
A legatee may renounce a legacy at any time after the death of the testator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺贈の放棄は、遺言者の死亡の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。
art-986/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-986/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-986/par-2
The renunciation of a legacy is valid retroactive to the time of the testator's death.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十七条（受遺者に対する遺贈の承認又は放棄の催告） — (Issuing Notice to Legatees to Accept or Renounce Their Legacies)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-987 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-987 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-987
**第一項** 遺贈義務者（遺贈の履行をする義務を負う者をいう。以下この節において同じ。）その他の利害関係人は、受遺者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に遺贈の承認又は放棄をすべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、受遺者がその期間内に遺贈義務者に対してその意思を表示しないときは、遺贈を承認したものとみなす。
art-987/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-987/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-987/par-1
The person charged with a legacy (meaning a person who bears a duty to discharge a legacy; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) or any other interested party may issue notice to a legatee that the legatee must accept or renounce the legacy within a reasonable, specified period of time. In such a case, if the legatee does not manifest an intention to the person charged with the legacy within that period, the legacy is deemed to have been accepted.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十八条（受遺者の相続人による遺贈の承認又は放棄） — (Acceptance or Renunciation of a Legacy by the Legatee's Heir)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-988 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-988 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-988
**第一項** 受遺者が遺贈の承認又は放棄をしないで死亡したときは、その相続人は、自己の相続権の範囲内で、遺贈の承認又は放棄をすることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-988/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-988/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-988/par-1
If a legatee dies without accepting or renouncing a legacy, the legatee's heir may accept or renounce the legacy within the scope of the heir's own right of inheritance; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百八十九条（遺贈の承認及び放棄の撤回及び取消し） — (Revocation and Rescission; Acceptance or Renunciation of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-989 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-989 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-989
**第一項** 遺贈の承認及び放棄は、撤回することができない。
art-989/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-989/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-989/par-1
The acceptance or renunciation of a legacy may not be revoked.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第九百十九条第二項及び第三項の規定は、遺贈の承認及び放棄について準用する。
art-989/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-989/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-989/par-2
The provisions of Article 919, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the acceptance and renunciation of a legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十条（包括受遺者の権利義務） — (Rights and Duties of a Universal Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-990 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-990 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-990
**第一項** 包括受遺者は、相続人と同一の権利義務を有する。
art-990/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-990/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-990/par-1
A universal legatee has the same rights and duties as an heir.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十一条（受遺者による担保の請求） — (Request for Security by a Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-991 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-991 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-991
**第一項** 受遺者は、遺贈が弁済期に至らない間は、遺贈義務者に対して相当の担保を請求することができる。停止条件付きの遺贈についてその条件の成否が未定である間も、同様とする。
art-991/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-991/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-991/par-1
Before a legacy becomes due, the legatee may request reasonable security from the person charged with the legacy. The same applies with respect to a legacy that is subject to a condition precedent while the fulfillment of that condition is pending.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十二条（受遺者による果実の取得） — (Acquisition of the Fruits of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-992 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-992 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-992
**第一項** 受遺者は、遺贈の履行を請求することができる時から果実を取得する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-992/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-992/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-992/par-1
A legatee acquires the fruits of the legacy beginning from when the legatee may request that the legacy be paid; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十三条（遺贈義務者による費用の償還請求） — (Claim for Reimbursement of Expenses by the Person Charged with the Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-993 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-993 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-993
**第一項** 第二百九十九条の規定は、遺贈義務者が遺言者の死亡後に遺贈の目的物について費用を支出した場合について準用する。
art-993/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-993/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-993/par-1
The provisions of Article 299 apply mutatis mutandis if the person charged with a legacy incurs expenses in respect of the object of the legacy after the death of the testator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 果実を収取するために支出した通常の必要費は、果実の価格を超えない限度で、その償還を請求することができる。
art-993/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-993/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-993/par-2
It is permissible to claim reimbursement for any normal and necessary expenses incurred in collecting the fruits of a legacy, up to the limit of the value of those fruits.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十四条（受遺者の死亡による遺贈の失効） — (Lapse of Legacy Due to the Death of the Legatee)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-994 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994
**第一項** 遺贈は、遺言者の死亡以前に受遺者が死亡したときは、その効力を生じない。
art-994/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994/par-1
A legacy does not become effective if the legatee predeceases the testator.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 停止条件付きの遺贈については、受遺者がその条件の成就前に死亡したときも、前項と同様とする。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-994/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies in respect of a legacy that is subject to a condition precedent, if the legatee dies before the fulfillment of the condition; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十五条（遺贈の無効又は失効の場合の財産の帰属） — (Devolution of Property If a Legacy Is Invalidated or Lapses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-995 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-995 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-995
**第一項** 遺贈が、その効力を生じないとき、又は放棄によってその効力を失ったときは、受遺者が受けるべきであったものは、相続人に帰属する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-995/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-995/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-995/par-1
If the effect of a legacy does not arise, or if its effect is lost due to renunciation, that which the legatee would have received devolves to the heirs; provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十六条（相続財産に属しない権利の遺贈） — (Legacy of Rights Not Belonging to the Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-996 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-996 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-996
**第一項** 遺贈は、その目的である権利が遺言者の死亡の時において相続財産に属しなかったときは、その効力を生じない。ただし、その権利が相続財産に属するかどうかにかかわらず、これを遺贈の目的としたものと認められるときは、この限りでない。
art-996/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-996/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-996/par-1
A legacy does not take effect unless the rights that are the object of that legacy belong to the estate at the time of the testator's death; provided, however, that, regardless of whether such rights are part of the estate, the foregoing does not apply if it is found that the testator made those rights the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十七条
art-997 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997
**第一項** 相続財産に属しない権利を目的とする遺贈が前条ただし書の規定により有効であるときは、遺贈義務者は、その権利を取得して受遺者に移転する義務を負う。
art-997/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997/par-1
If a legacy having as its object rights not belonging to the estate takes effect pursuant to the proviso to the preceding Article, the person charged with the legacy bears a duty to obtain those rights and transfer them to the legatee.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、同項に規定する権利を取得することができないとき、又はこれを取得するについて過分の費用を要するときは、遺贈義務者は、その価額を弁償しなければならない。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-997/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997/par-2
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the rights prescribed in that paragraph cannot be obtained or if obtaining them would require excessive expenses, the person charged with the legacy must compensate the legatee for the value of those rights; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第九百九十八条（遺贈義務者の引渡義務） — Obligation of the Person Obligated to Perform a Legacy to Deliver
caption: machine translation, not official
art-998 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-998 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-998
**第一項** 遺贈義務者は、遺贈の目的である物又は権利を、相続開始の時（その後に当該物又は権利について遺贈の目的として特定した場合にあっては、その特定した時）の状態で引き渡し、又は移転する義務を負う。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-998/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-998/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-998/par-1
A person charged with a legacy is obligated to deliver or transfer the thing or right that is the object of the legacy in the condition it was in at the time of the opening of succession (or, if the thing or right was specified as the object of the legacy after that, at the time it was specified); provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention in the will, that intention prevails.
machine translation, not official
### 第九百九十九条（遺贈の物上代位） — (Extension of a Security Interest to the Proceeds of a Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-999 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-999 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-999
**第一項** 遺言者が、遺贈の目的物の滅失若しくは変造又はその占有の喪失によって第三者に対して償金を請求する権利を有するときは、その権利を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-999/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-999/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-999/par-1
If the testator has the right to claim compensation from a third party because of the loss, alteration, or loss of possession of the object of a legacy, that right is presumed to have been made the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺贈の目的物が、他の物と付合し、又は混和した場合において、遺言者が第二百四十三条から第二百四十五条までの規定により合成物又は混和物の単独所有者又は共有者となったときは、その全部の所有権又は持分を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-999/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-999/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-999/par-2
If accession or mixture has arisen in respect of the object of a legacy and another thing and the testator has become the sole owner or a co-owner of the thing formed by accession or mixture pursuant to the provisions of Articles 243 through 245, full ownership of that thing or the testator's share therein is presumed to have been made the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-1000 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1000 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1000
**第一項** 削除
art-1000/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1000/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1000/par-1
no English for this paragraph
### 第千一条（債権の遺贈の物上代位） — (Extension of a Security Interest to the Proceeds of a Legacy Constituting a Claim)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1001 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1001 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1001
**第一項** 債権を遺贈の目的とした場合において、遺言者が弁済を受け、かつ、その受け取った物がなお相続財産中に在るときは、その物を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-1001/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1001/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1001/par-1
In the event that a claim has been made the object of a legacy, if the testator has received payment or delivery in respect of that claim and a thing so received is among the estate, that thing is presumed to have been made the object of that legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 金銭を目的とする債権を遺贈の目的とした場合においては、相続財産中にその債権額に相当する金銭がないときであっても、その金額を遺贈の目的としたものと推定する。
art-1001/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1001/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1001/par-2
If money is the object of a claim that has been made the object of a legacy, that money is presumed to have been made the object of the legacy even if funds equivalent to that claim are not among the estate.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二条（負担付遺贈） — (Conditioned Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1002 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1002 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1002
**第一項** 負担付遺贈を受けた者は、遺贈の目的の価額を超えない限度においてのみ、負担した義務を履行する責任を負う。
art-1002/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1002/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1002/par-1
A person receiving a conditioned legacy is only liable for the performance of the obligations so borne up to the limit of the value of the object of the legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 受遺者が遺贈の放棄をしたときは、負担の利益を受けるべき者は、自ら受遺者となることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1002/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1002/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1002/par-2
If a legatee renounces the legacy, the person who would have benefitted by the burden may personally become a legatee; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千三条（負担付遺贈の受遺者の免責） — (Exemption of the Legatee from a Conditioned Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1003 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1003 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1003
**第一項** 負担付遺贈の目的の価額が相続の限定承認又は遺留分回復の訴えによって減少したときは、受遺者は、その減少の割合に応じて、その負担した義務を免れる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1003/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1003/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1003/par-1
If the value of the object of a conditioned legacy is reduced due to the qualified acceptance of a succession or through an action to recover the statutory reserved share, the legatee is exempted from a proportion of the obligations borne under that legacy, in line with the proportion of the reduction; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 遺言の執行 — Section 4 Execution of Will
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-4
### 第千四条（遺言書の検認） — (Probating of Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1004 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004
**第一項** 遺言書の保管者は、相続の開始を知った後、遅滞なく、これを家庭裁判所に提出して、その検認を請求しなければならない。遺言書の保管者がない場合において、相続人が遺言書を発見した後も、同様とする。
art-1004/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-1
Without delay after learning of the opening of the succession, the custodian of will must submit the will to the family court and file a request for probate. The same applies after an heir discovers the will, if no one is its custodian.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、公正証書による遺言については、適用しない。
art-1004/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply to a will in the form of a notarial instrument.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 封印のある遺言書は、家庭裁判所において相続人又はその代理人の立会いがなければ、開封することができない。
art-1004/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-3
A will that has been closed and sealed may not be opened except in the family court and in the presence of the heirs or their representatives.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千五条（過料） — (Civil Fines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1005 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1005 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1005
**第一項** 前条の規定により遺言書を提出することを怠り、その検認を経ないで遺言を執行し、又は家庭裁判所外においてその開封をした者は、五万円以下の過料に処する。
art-1005/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1005/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1005/par-1
A person failing to submit a will pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, executing a will without it passing through probate, or opening a closed and sealed will in a place other than the family court is subject to a civil fine of not more than 50,000 yen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千六条（遺言執行者の指定） — (Designation of the Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1006 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006
**第一項** 遺言者は、遺言で、一人又は数人の遺言執行者を指定し、又はその指定を第三者に委託することができる。
art-1006/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006/par-1
A testator may designate one or several executors, or entrust that designation to a third party, by will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者の指定の委託を受けた者は、遅滞なく、その指定をして、これを相続人に通知しなければならない。
art-1006/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006/par-2
A person entrusted with the designation of an executor must make that designation and notify the heirs thereof without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 遺言執行者の指定の委託を受けた者がその委託を辞そうとするときは、遅滞なくその旨を相続人に通知しなければならない。
art-1006/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1006/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1006/par-3
A person entrusted with the designation of an executor and seeking to decline to do so must notify the heirs that effect without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千七条（遺言執行者の任務の開始） — (Commencement of Duties of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1007 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1007 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1007
**第一項** 遺言執行者が就職を承諾したときは、直ちにその任務を行わなければならない。
art-1007/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1007/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1007/par-1
Upon consenting to act as executor, the executor must immediately undertake the duties of that role.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者は、その任務を開始したときは、遅滞なく、遺言の内容を相続人に通知しなければならない。
art-1007/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1007/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1007/par-2
Upon commencing the duties of that role, the executor must immediately notify the heirs of the contents of the will.
machine translation, not official
### 第千八条（遺言執行者に対する就職の催告） — (Demanding the Executor to Act as Such)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1008 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1008 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1008
**第一項** 相続人その他の利害関係人は、遺言執行者に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その期間内に就職を承諾するかどうかを確答すべき旨の催告をすることができる。この場合において、遺言執行者が、その期間内に相続人に対して確答をしないときは、就職を承諾したものとみなす。
art-1008/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1008/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1008/par-1
An heir or other interested party may demand the executor to answer definitively as to whether the executor consents to act as such within a reasonable period of time specified by the heir or interested party. In such a case, if the executor does not answer the heir definitively within that period, the executor is deemed to consent to act as such.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千九条（遺言執行者の欠格事由） — (Grounds for Ineligibility as Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1009 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1009 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1009
**第一項** 未成年者及び破産者は、遺言執行者となることができない。
art-1009/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1009/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1009/par-1
A minor or a bankrupt may not become an executor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十条（遺言執行者の選任） — (Appointment of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1010 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1010 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1010
**第一項** 遺言執行者がないとき、又はなくなったときは、家庭裁判所は、利害関係人の請求によって、これを選任することができる。
art-1010/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1010/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1010/par-1
If there is no executor or there comes to no longer be an executor, the family court may appoint an executor at the request of an interested party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十一条（相続財産の目録の作成） — (Preparation of an Inventory of Estate)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1011 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011
**第一項** 遺言執行者は、遅滞なく、相続財産の目録を作成して、相続人に交付しなければならない。
art-1011/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011/par-1
The executor must prepare an inventory of the estate and deliver this to the heirs without delay.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者は、相続人の請求があるときは、その立会いをもって相続財産の目録を作成し、又は公証人にこれを作成させなければならない。
art-1011/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011/par-2
If an heir so requests, the executor must prepare the inventory of the estate in the heir's presence or have a notary prepare it.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十二条（遺言執行者の権利義務） — (Rights and Duties of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1012 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012
**第一項** 遺言執行者は、遺言の内容を実現するため、相続財産の管理その他遺言の執行に必要な一切の行為をする権利義務を有する。
art-1012/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012/par-1
In order to realize the contents of the will, the executor has the right and the duty to administer the estate and to perform all other actions necessary to the execution of the will.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 遺言執行者がある場合には、遺贈の履行は、遺言執行者のみが行うことができる。
art-1012/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012/par-2
If there is an executor, performance of a legacy may be carried out only by the executor.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第六百四十四条、第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条まで及び第六百五十条の規定は、遺言執行者について準用する。
art-1012/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012/par-3
The provisions of Articles 644, 645 through 647 and 650 apply mutatis mutandis to the executor.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十三条（遺言の執行の妨害行為の禁止） — (Prohibition of Interference with the Execution of Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1013 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013
**第一項** 遺言執行者がある場合には、相続人は、相続財産の処分その他遺言の執行を妨げるべき行為をすることができない。
art-1013/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-1
If there is an executor, it is not permissible for an heir to dispose of the estate or to take any other action that interferes with the execution of the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定に違反してした行為は、無効とする。ただし、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-1013/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-2
An act done in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph is void; provided, however, that this may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、相続人の債権者（相続債権者を含む。）が相続財産についてその権利を行使することを妨げない。
art-1013/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not preclude a creditor of an heir (including a creditor of the succession) from exercising that creditor's rights with respect to the estate.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十四条（特定財産に関する遺言の執行） — (Execution of the Testator's Will Concerning Specific Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1014 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014
**第一項** 前三条の規定は、遺言が相続財産のうち特定の財産に関する場合には、その財産についてのみ適用する。
art-1014/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-1
If a testator's will concerns specific property from among the estate, the provisions of Articles 1011 through 1013 apply only with respect to that specific property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺産の分割の方法の指定として遺産に属する特定の財産を共同相続人の一人又は数人に承継させる旨の遺言（以下「特定財産承継遺言」という。）があったときは、遺言執行者は、当該共同相続人が第八百九十九条の二第一項に規定する対抗要件を備えるために必要な行為をすることができる。
art-1014/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-2
If there is a will to the effect that specific property belonging to the estate is to be succeeded to by one or several of the coheirs as a designation of how the estate is divided (hereinafter referred to as a "will for succession of specific property"), the executor may take the actions necessary for that coheir to satisfy the requirements of perfection prescribed in Article 899-2, paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項の財産が預貯金債権である場合には、遺言執行者は、同項に規定する行為のほか、その預金又は貯金の払戻しの請求及びその預金又は貯金に係る契約の解約の申入れをすることができる。ただし、解約の申入れについては、その預貯金債権の全部が特定財産承継遺言の目的である場合に限る。
art-1014/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-3
If the property referred to in the preceding paragraph is a claim for deposits, the executor may, in addition to the actions prescribed in that paragraph, request the withdrawal of those deposits or savings and give notice of termination of the contract relating to those deposits or savings; provided, however, that notice of termination may be given only if the whole of the claim for deposits is the object of a will for succession of specific property.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前二項の規定にかかわらず、被相続人が遺言で別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1014/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-4
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, if the decedent has manifested a different intention by will, that intention prevails.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十五条（遺言執行者の行為の効果） — Effect of Acts of Executor
caption: machine translation, not official
art-1015 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1015 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1015
**第一項** 遺言執行者がその権限内において遺言執行者であることを示してした行為は、相続人に対して直接にその効力を生ずる。
art-1015/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1015/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1015/par-1
An act done by an executor within the scope of the executor's authority, with an indication of being the executor, takes effect directly with respect to the heirs.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十六条（遺言執行者の復任権） — (Executor's Right to Appoint a Subagent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1016 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016
**第一項** 遺言執行者は、自己の責任で第三者にその任務を行わせることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1016/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016/par-1
An executor may have a third party undertake the duties of executor on the executor's own responsibility; provided, however, that if the testator manifests a different intention by will, that intention prevails.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項本文の場合において、第三者に任務を行わせることについてやむを得ない事由があるときは、遺言執行者は、相続人に対してその選任及び監督についての責任のみを負う。
art-1016/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016/par-2
In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if there is a compelling reason to have a third party undertake the duties, the executor is liable to the heirs only for the appointment and supervision of that third party.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十七条（遺言執行者が数人ある場合の任務の執行） — (Execution of Duties If There Are Multiple Executors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1017 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017
**第一項** 遺言執行者が数人ある場合には、その任務の執行は、過半数で決する。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に別段の意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
art-1017/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017/par-1
If there are multiple executors, the way in which they execute their duties is decided by majority; provided, however, that if the testator manifests different intention by will, that intention prevails.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 各遺言執行者は、前項の規定にかかわらず、保存行為をすることができる。
art-1017/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, any individual executor may undertake an act of preservation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千十八条（遺言執行者の報酬） — (Remuneration of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1018 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1018 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1018
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、相続財産の状況その他の事情によって遺言執行者の報酬を定めることができる。ただし、遺言者がその遺言に報酬を定めたときは、この限りでない。
art-1018/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1018/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1018/par-1
The family court may set the remuneration of an executor based on the condition of the estate and other circumstances; provided, however, that this does not apply if the testator specifies the remuneration in the will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第六百四十八条第二項及び第三項並びに第六百四十八条の二の規定は、遺言執行者が報酬を受けるべき場合について準用する。
art-1018/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1018/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1018/par-2
The provisions of Article 648, paragraphs (2) and (3) and Article 648-2 apply mutatis mutandis when an executor receives remuneration.
machine translation, not official
### 第千十九条（遺言執行者の解任及び辞任） — (Dismissal and Resignation of Executor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1019 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1019 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1019
**第一項** 遺言執行者がその任務を怠ったときその他正当な事由があるときは、利害関係人は、その解任を家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-1019/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1019/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1019/par-1
An interested party may file a request with the family court to dismiss the executor if that executor fails to do the duties thereof or if there is any other legitimate reason for dismissal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 遺言執行者は、正当な事由があるときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、その任務を辞することができる。
art-1019/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1019/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1019/par-2
If there is a legitimate reason, an executor may resign from duties as executor with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十条（委任の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Mandate Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1020 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1020 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1020
**第一項** 第六百五十四条及び第六百五十五条の規定は、遺言執行者の任務が終了した場合について準用する。
art-1020/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1020/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1020/par-1
The provisions of Articles 654 and 655 apply mutatis mutandis when duties of an executor come to an end.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十一条（遺言の執行に関する費用の負担） — (Burden of Expenses for the Execution of a Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1021 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1021 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1021
**第一項** 遺言の執行に関する費用は、相続財産の負担とする。ただし、これによって遺留分を減ずることができない。
art-1021/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1021/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1021/par-1
Expenses for the execution of a will are borne by the estate; provided, however, that the statutory reserved shares may not be reduced by this.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五節 遺言の撤回及び取消し — Section 5 Revocation and Rescission of Wills
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-5/ch-7/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-5/ch-7/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-5/ch-7/sec-5
### 第千二十二条（遺言の撤回） — (Revocation of a Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1022 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1022 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1022
**第一項** 遺言者は、いつでも、遺言の方式に従って、その遺言の全部又は一部を撤回することができる。
art-1022/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1022/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1022/par-1
A testator may at any time revoke a will in whole or in part, using the formalities for the making of a will to do so.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十三条（前の遺言と後の遺言との抵触等） — (Conflicting Previous and Later Wills)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1023 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023
**第一項** 前の遺言が後の遺言と抵触するときは、その抵触する部分については、後の遺言で前の遺言を撤回したものとみなす。
art-1023/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023/par-1
If a previous will conflicts with a later will, the testator is deemed to have revoked the conflicting part of the previous will by making the later will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、遺言が遺言後の生前処分その他の法律行為と抵触する場合について準用する。
art-1023/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if a will conflicts with a disposition inter vivos, or any other such juridical act, that is undertaken after the will is made.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十四条（遺言書又は遺贈の目的物の破棄） — (Destruction of the Will or of the Thing Constituting the Object of the Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1024 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1024 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1024
**第一項** 遺言者が故意に遺言書を破棄したときは、その破棄した部分については、遺言を撤回したものとみなす。遺言者が故意に遺贈の目的物を破棄したときも、同様とする。
art-1024/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1024/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1024/par-1
If a testator intentionally destroys a will, the testator is deemed to have revoked the part of the will that has been destroyed. The same applies if the testator intentionally destroys a thing constituting the object of a legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十五条（撤回された遺言の効力） — (Validity of a Will That Has Been Revoked)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1025 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1025 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1025
**第一項** 前三条の規定により撤回された遺言は、その撤回の行為が、撤回され、取り消され、又は効力を生じなくなるに至ったときであっても、その効力を回復しない。ただし、その行為が錯誤、詐欺又は強迫による場合は、この限りでない。
art-1025/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1025/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1025/par-1
A will revoked pursuant to the provisions of Articles 1022 through 1024 does not recover validity even if the act of revocation is revoked, rescinded, or invalidated; provided, however, that this does not apply if the act of revocation was the result of mistake, fraud, or duress.
machine translation, not official
### 第千二十六条（遺言の撤回権の放棄の禁止） — (Prohibition on Waiver of the Right to Revoke One's Will)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1026 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1026 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1026
**第一項** 遺言者は、その遺言を撤回する権利を放棄することができない。
art-1026/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1026/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1026/par-1
A testator may not waive the right to revoke a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第千二十七条（負担付遺贈に係る遺言の取消し） — (Rescission of the Testator's Will as Regards a Conditioned Legacy)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-1027 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1027 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1027
**第一項** 負担付遺贈を受けた者がその負担した義務を履行しないときは、相続人は、相当の期間を定めてその履行の催告をすることができる。この場合において、その期間内に履行がないときは、その負担付遺贈に係る遺言の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-1027/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1027/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1027/par-1
If a person receiving a conditioned legacy is not performing the duty imposed thereby, an heir may demand that the person perform that duty within a reasonable period of time. In such a case, if the person does not perform the duty within that period of time, the heir may file a request with the family court to rescind the testator's will as regards the conditioned legacy.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
---
## Cites
- art-962/par-1: 第五条 → 民法 第五条 (Article 5), art-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-5
- art-962/par-1: 第九条 → 民法 第九条 (Article 9), art-9 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-9
- art-962/par-1: 第十三条 → 民法 第十三条 (Article 13), art-13 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-13
- art-962/par-1: 第十七条 → 民法 第十七条 (Article 17), art-17 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-17 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-17
- art-965/par-1: 第八百八十六条 → 民法 第八百八十六条 (Article 886), art-886 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-886 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-886
- art-965/par-1: 第八百九十一条 → 民法 第八百九十一条 (Article 891), art-891 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-891 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-891
- art-966/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百六十六条第一項 (Article 966, paragraph (1)), art-966/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-966/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-966/par-1
- art-968/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百六十八条第一項 (Article 968, paragraph (1)), art-968/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-1
- art-968/par-2: 第九百九十七条第一項 → 民法 第九百九十七条第一項 (Article 997, paragraph (1)), art-997/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997/par-1
- art-968/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第九百六十八条第二項 (Article 968, paragraph (2)), art-968/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-2
- art-969/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百六十九条第一項 (Article 969, paragraph (1)), art-969/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1
- art-969/par-3: 第一項第一号 → 民法 第九百六十九条第一項第一号 (Article 969, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-969/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1/item-1
- art-969/par-3: 公証人法第三十条 → e-Gov law 141AC0000000053, 第三十条 (Article 30), art-30 — not held in this collection
- art-969/par-3: 同法第三十五条第三項 → e-Gov law 141AC0000000053, 第三十五条第三項 (Article 35, paragraph (3)), art-35/par-3 — not held in this collection
- art-969-2/par-1: 前条第一項第二号 → 民法 第九百六十九条第一項第二号 (Article 969, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-969/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969/par-1/item-2
- art-969-2/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百六十九条の二第一項 (Article 969-2, paragraph (1)), art-969-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-969-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-969-2/par-1
- art-970/par-2: 第九百六十八条第三項 → 民法 第九百六十八条第三項 (Article 968, paragraph (3)), art-968/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-3
- art-971/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第九百七十条 (Article 970), art-970 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970
- art-971/par-1: 第九百六十八条 → 民法 第九百六十八条 (Article 968), art-968 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968
- art-972/par-1: 第九百七十条第一項第三号 → 民法 第九百七十条第一項第三号 (Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-970/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-3
- art-972/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百七十二条第一項 (Article 972, paragraph (1)), art-972/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-1
- art-972/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第九百七十二条第一項 (Article 972, paragraph (1)), art-972/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-972/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-972/par-1
- art-972/par-3: 第九百七十条第一項第四号 → 民法 第九百七十条第一項第四号 (Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-970/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-4
- art-976/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第一項 (Article 976, paragraph (1)), art-976/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-1
- art-976/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第一項 (Article 976, paragraph (1)), art-976/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-1
- art-976/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第一項 (Article 976, paragraph (1)), art-976/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-1
- art-976/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第二項 (Article 976, paragraph (2)), art-976/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-2
- art-976/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第三項 (Article 976, paragraph (3)), art-976/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-3
- art-976/par-5: 前項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第四項 (Article 976, paragraph (4)), art-976/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-4
- art-979/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百七十九条第一項 (Article 979, paragraph (1)), art-979/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-1
- art-979/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第九百七十九条第一項 (Article 979, paragraph (1)), art-979/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-1
- art-979/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第九百七十九条第二項 (Article 979, paragraph (2)), art-979/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-2
- art-979/par-4: 第九百七十六条第五項 → 民法 第九百七十六条第五項 (Article 976, paragraph (5)), art-976/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976/par-5
- art-979/par-4: 前項 → 民法 第九百七十九条第三項 (Article 979, paragraph (3)), art-979/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979/par-3
- art-980/par-1: 第九百七十七条 → 民法 第九百七十七条 (Article 977), art-977 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977
- art-980/par-1: 第九百七十八条 → 民法 第九百七十八条 (Article 978), art-978 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978
- art-981/par-1: 第九百七十七条から第九百七十九条まで → 民法 第九百七十七条 (Article 977), art-977 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977
- art-981/par-1: 第九百七十七条から第九百七十九条まで → 民法 第九百七十八条 (Article 978), art-978 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978
- art-981/par-1: 第九百七十七条から第九百七十九条まで → 民法 第九百七十九条 (Article 979), art-979 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979
- art-982/par-1: 第九百六十八条第三項 → 民法 第九百六十八条第三項 (Article 968, paragraph (3)), art-968/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-968/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-968/par-3
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十三条から第九百七十五条まで → 民法 第九百七十三条 (Article 973), art-973 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-973 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-973
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十三条から第九百七十五条まで → 民法 第九百七十四条 (Article 974), art-974 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-974 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-974
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十三条から第九百七十五条まで → 民法 第九百七十五条 (Article 975), art-975 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-975 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-975
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十六条 (Article 976), art-976 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十七条 (Article 977), art-977 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十八条 (Article 978), art-978 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十九条 (Article 979), art-979 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百八十条 (Article 980), art-980 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-980 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-980
- art-982/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百八十一条 (Article 981), art-981 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-981 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-981
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十六条 (Article 976), art-976 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-976 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-976
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十七条 (Article 977), art-977 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-977 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-977
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十八条 (Article 978), art-978 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-978 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-978
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百七十九条 (Article 979), art-979 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-979 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-979
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百八十条 (Article 980), art-980 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-980 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-980
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百八十一条 (Article 981), art-981 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-981 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-981
- art-983/par-1: 第九百七十六条から前条まで → 民法 第九百八十二条 (Article 982), art-982 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-982 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-982
- art-984/par-1: 第九百七十条第一項第四号 → 民法 第九百七十条第一項第四号 (Article 970, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-970/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-970/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-970/par-1/item-4
- art-989/par-2: 第九百十九条第二項 → 民法 第九百十九条第二項 (Article 919, paragraph (2)), art-919/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919/par-2
- art-989/par-2: 第三項 → 民法 第九百十九条第三項 (Article 919, paragraph (3)), art-919/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-919/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-919/par-3
- art-993/par-1: 第二百九十九条 → 民法 第二百九十九条 (Article 299), art-299 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-299 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-299
- art-994/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百九十四条第一項 (Article 994, paragraph (1)), art-994/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-994/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-994/par-1
- art-997/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第九百九十六条 (Article 996), art-996 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-996 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-996
- art-997/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第九百九十七条第一項 (Article 997, paragraph (1)), art-997/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-997/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-997/par-1
- art-999/par-2: 第二百四十三条から第二百四十五条まで → 民法 第二百四十三条 (Article 243), art-243 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243
- art-999/par-2: 第二百四十三条から第二百四十五条まで → 民法 第二百四十四条 (Article 244), art-244 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244
- art-999/par-2: 第二百四十三条から第二百四十五条まで → 民法 第二百四十五条 (Article 245), art-245 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245
- art-1004/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第千四条第一項 (Article 1004, paragraph (1)), art-1004/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004/par-1
- art-1005/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第千四条 (Article 1004), art-1004 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1004 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1004
- art-1012/par-3: 第六百四十四条 → 民法 第六百四十四条 (Article 644), art-644 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-644 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-644
- art-1012/par-3: 第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条まで → 民法 第六百四十五条 (Article 645), art-645 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-645 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-645
- art-1012/par-3: 第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条まで → 民法 第六百四十六条 (Article 646), art-646 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-646 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-646
- art-1012/par-3: 第六百四十五条から第六百四十七条まで → 民法 第六百四十七条 (Article 647), art-647 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-647 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-647
- art-1012/par-3: 第六百五十条 → 民法 第六百五十条 (Article 650), art-650 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-650 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-650
- art-1013/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第千十三条第一項 (Article 1013, paragraph (1)), art-1013/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-1
- art-1013/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第千十三条第一項 (Article 1013, paragraph (1)), art-1013/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-1
- art-1013/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第千十三条第二項 (Article 1013, paragraph (2)), art-1013/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013/par-2
- art-1014/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第千十一条 (Article 1011), art-1011 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1011 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1011
- art-1014/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第千十二条 (Article 1012), art-1012 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1012 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1012
- art-1014/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第千十三条 (Article 1013), art-1013 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1013 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1013
- art-1014/par-2: 第八百九十九条の二第一項 → 民法 第八百九十九条の二第一項 (Article 899-2, paragraph (1)), art-899-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-899-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-899-2/par-1
- art-1014/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第千十四条第二項 (Article 1014, paragraph (2)), art-1014/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-2
- art-1014/par-4: 前二項 → 民法 第千十四条第二項 (Article 1014, paragraph (2)), art-1014/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-2
- art-1014/par-4: 前二項 → 民法 第千十四条第三項 (Article 1014, paragraph (3)), art-1014/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1014/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1014/par-3
- art-1016/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第千十六条第一項 (Article 1016, paragraph (1)), art-1016/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1016/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1016/par-1
- art-1017/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第千十七条第一項 (Article 1017, paragraph (1)), art-1017/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1017/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1017/par-1
- art-1018/par-2: 第六百四十八条第二項 → 民法 第六百四十八条第二項 (Article 648, paragraph (2)), art-648/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-2
- art-1018/par-2: 第三項 → 民法 第六百四十八条第三項 (Article 648, paragraph (3)), art-648/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648/par-3
- art-1018/par-2: 第六百四十八条の二 → 民法 第六百四十八条の二 (Article 648-2), art-648-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-648-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-648-2
- art-1020/par-1: 第六百五十四条 → 民法 第六百五十四条 (Article 654), art-654 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-654 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-654
- art-1020/par-1: 第六百五十五条 → 民法 第六百五十五条 (Article 655), art-655 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-655 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-655
- art-1023/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第千二十三条第一項 (Article 1023, paragraph (1)), art-1023/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023/par-1
- art-1025/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第千二十二条 (Article 1022), art-1022 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1022 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1022
- art-1025/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第千二十三条 (Article 1023), art-1023 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1023 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1023
- art-1025/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第千二十四条 (Article 1024), art-1024 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-1024 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-1024
---
## Sources
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 2 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4275/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-007, translated 2026-10-12
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-008, translated 2026-10-12
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T211255-001, translated 2026-10-12
- This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11