# 民法 / Civil Code — 第三章 (Part 4, Chapter 3)
- Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号
- English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第三章 (Part 4, Chapter 3) — address `pt-4/ch-3`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
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## 第三章 親子 — Chapter III Parent and Child
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3
## 第一節 実子 — Section 1 Natural Children
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-1
### 第七百七十二条（嫡出の推定） — (Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772
**第一項** 妻が婚姻中に懐胎した子は、当該婚姻における夫の子と推定する。女が婚姻前に懐胎した子であって、婚姻が成立した後に生まれたものも、同様とする。
art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-1
A child conceived by a wife during the marriage is presumed to be the child of the husband in that marriage. The same applies to a child conceived by a woman before the marriage and born after the marriage is formed.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の場合において、婚姻の成立の日から二百日以内に生まれた子は、婚姻前に懐胎したものと推定し、婚姻の成立の日から二百日を経過した後又は婚姻の解消若しくは取消しの日から三百日以内に生まれた子は、婚姻中に懐胎したものと推定する。
art-772/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, a child born within 200 days of the formation of a marriage is presumed to have been conceived before the marriage, and a child born more than 200 days after the formation of a marriage or within 300 days of the dissolution or cancellation of a marriage is presumed to have been conceived during the marriage.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、女が子を懐胎した時から子の出生の時までの間に二以上の婚姻をしていたときは、その子は、その出生の直近の婚姻における夫の子と推定する。
art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if a woman has entered into two or more marriages between the time she conceived the child and the time of the child's birth, the child is presumed to be the child of the husband in the most recent marriage as of the child's birth.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前三項の規定により父が定められた子について、第七百七十四条の規定によりその父の嫡出であることが否認された場合における前項の規定の適用については、同項中「直近の婚姻」とあるのは、「直近の婚姻（第七百七十四条の規定により子がその嫡出であることが否認された夫との間の婚姻を除く。）」とする。
art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-4
In the application of the preceding paragraph to a child for whom a father has been determined under the preceding three paragraphs in a case where it has been rebutted under Article 774 that the child is the child in wedlock of that father, the phrase "the most recent marriage" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the most recent marriage (excluding the marriage with the husband as to whom the presumption that the child is his child in wedlock has been rebutted under Article 774)".
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十三条（父を定めることを目的とする訴え） — (Action to Determine Paternity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-773 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-773 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-773
**第一項** 第七百三十二条の規定に違反して婚姻をした女が出産した場合において、前条の規定によりその子の父を定めることができないときは、裁判所が、これを定める。
art-773/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-773/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-773/par-1
If a woman marrying in violation of the provisions of Article 732 gives birth and the paternity of the child cannot be determined pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, the court determines the paternity of the child.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十四条（嫡出の否認） — (Rebutting the Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774
**第一項** 第七百七十二条の規定により子の父が定められる場合において、父又は子は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。
art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-1
In a case where the father of a child is determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, the father or the child may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の規定による子の否認権は、親権を行う母、親権を行う養親又は未成年後見人が、子のために行使することができる。
art-774/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-2
The child's right to rebut the presumption under the preceding paragraph may be exercised on behalf of the child by the mother exercising parental authority, the adoptive parent exercising parental authority, or the guardian of a minor.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第一項に規定する場合において、母は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。ただし、その否認権の行使が子の利益を害することが明らかなときは、この限りでない。
art-774/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-3
In the case prescribed in paragraph (1), the mother may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is clear that the exercise of the right to rebut the presumption would harm the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第七百七十二条第三項の規定により子の父が定められる場合において、子の懐胎の時から出生の時までの間に母と婚姻していた者であって、子の父以外のもの（以下「前夫」という。）は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。ただし、その否認権の行使が子の利益を害することが明らかなときは、この限りでない。
art-774/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-4
In a case where the father of a child is determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3), a person other than the father of the child who was married to the mother between the time of the child's conception and the time of the child's birth (hereinafter referred to as the "former husband") may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock; provided, however, that this does not apply if it is clear that the exercise of the right to rebut the presumption would harm the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 前項の規定による否認権を行使し、第七百七十二条第四項の規定により読み替えられた同条第三項の規定により新たに子の父と定められた者は、第一項の規定にかかわらず、子が自らの嫡出であることを否認することができない。
art-774/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-5
A person who has exercised the right to rebut the presumption under the preceding paragraph and has newly been determined to be the father of the child pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3) as replaced pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article may not, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), rebut the presumption that the child is his child in wedlock.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十五条（嫡出否認の訴え） — (Action to Rebut the Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-775 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる否認権は、それぞれ当該各号に定める者に対する嫡出否認の訴えによって行う。
art-775/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1
The rights to rebut the presumption set forth in the following items are exercised through an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock against the person specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 父の否認権 子又は親権を行う母
art-775/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-1
the father's right to rebut the presumption: the child or the mother exercising parental authority;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の否認権 父
art-775/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-2
the child's right to rebut the presumption: the father;
machine translation, not official
**三** 母の否認権 父
art-775/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-3
the mother's right to rebut the presumption: the father;
machine translation, not official
**四** 前夫の否認権 父及び子又は親権を行う母
art-775/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-4
the former husband's right to rebut the presumption: the father and the child or the mother exercising parental authority.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項第一号又は第四号に掲げる否認権を親権を行う母に対し行使しようとする場合において、親権を行う母がないときは、家庭裁判所は、特別代理人を選任しなければならない。
art-775/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-2
If a right to rebut the presumption set forth in item (i) or (iv) of the preceding paragraph is to be exercised against the mother exercising parental authority and there is no mother exercising parental authority, the family court must appoint a special agent.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十六条（嫡出の承認） — (Acknowledgment of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-776 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-776 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-776
**第一項** 父又は母は、子の出生後において、その嫡出であることを承認したときは、それぞれその否認権を失う。
art-776/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-776/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-776/par-1
If a father or mother acknowledges, after the child is born, that the child is his or her child in wedlock, the father or mother, respectively, loses his or her right to rebut the presumption.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十七条（嫡出否認の訴えの出訴期間） — (Statute of Limitations for Filing an Action to Rebut the Presumption of Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる否認権の行使に係る嫡出否認の訴えは、それぞれ当該各号に定める時から三年以内に提起しなければならない。
art-777/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1
An action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock pertaining to the exercise of a right to rebut the presumption set forth in each of the following items must be filed within three years from the time specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 父の否認権 父が子の出生を知った時
art-777/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-1
the father's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the father learns of the child's birth;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の否認権 その出生の時
art-777/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-2
the child's right to rebut the presumption: the time of the child's birth;
machine translation, not official
**三** 母の否認権 子の出生の時
art-777/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-3
the mother's right to rebut the presumption: the time of the child's birth;
machine translation, not official
**四** 前夫の否認権 前夫が子の出生を知った時
art-777/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-4
the former husband's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the former husband learns of the child's birth.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条
art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778
**第一項** 第七百七十二条第三項の規定により父が定められた子について第七百七十四条の規定により嫡出であることが否認されたときは、次の各号に掲げる否認権の行使に係る嫡出否認の訴えは、前条の規定にかかわらず、それぞれ当該各号に定める時から一年以内に提起しなければならない。
art-778/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1
If, with respect to a child whose father was determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3), the presumption that the child is the father's child in wedlock has been rebutted pursuant to the provisions of Article 774, an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock pertaining to the exercise of a right to rebut the presumption set forth in each of the following items must, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, be filed within one year from the time specified respectively in those items.
machine translation, not official
**一** 第七百七十二条第四項の規定により読み替えられた同条第三項の規定により新たに子の父と定められた者の否認権 新たに子の父と定められた者が当該子に係る嫡出否認の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-1
the right to rebut the presumption of a person newly determined to be the father of the child pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3) as replaced pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article: the time when the person newly determined to be the father of the child learns that the judgment to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock concerning that child has become final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**二** 子の否認権 子が前号の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-2
the child's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the child learns that the judgment referred to in the preceding item has become final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**三** 母の否認権 母が第一号の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-3
the mother's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the mother learns that the judgment referred to in item (i) has become final and binding;
machine translation, not official
**四** 前夫の否認権 前夫が第一号の裁判が確定したことを知った時
art-778/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-4
the former husband's right to rebut the presumption: the time when the former husband learns that the judgment referred to in item (i) has become final and binding.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条の二
art-778-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2
**第一項** 第七百七十七条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）又は前条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）の期間の満了前六箇月以内の間に親権を行う母、親権を行う養親及び未成年後見人がないときは、子は、母若しくは養親の親権停止の期間が満了し、親権喪失若しくは親権停止の審判の取消しの審判が確定し、若しくは親権が回復された時、新たに養子縁組が成立した時又は未成年後見人が就職した時から六箇月を経過するまでの間は、嫡出否認の訴えを提起することができる。
art-778-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-1
If, during the six months before the expiration of the period under Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)) or the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)), there is no mother exercising parental authority, adoptive parent exercising parental authority, or guardian of a minor, the child may file an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock until six months have passed from the time when the period of suspension of parental authority of the mother or adoptive parent expires, a ruling rescinding a ruling affirming the loss of parental authority or a ruling to suspend parental authority becomes final and binding, or parental authority is restored, the time when a new adoption is formed, or the time when a guardian of a minor takes office.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 子は、その父と継続して同居した期間（当該期間が二以上あるときは、そのうち最も長い期間）が三年を下回るときは、第七百七十七条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）及び前条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）の規定にかかわらず、二十一歳に達するまでの間、嫡出否認の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、子の否認権の行使が父による養育の状況に照らして父の利益を著しく害するときは、この限りでない。
art-778-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-2
If the period during which the child has continuously lived with the father (or, if there are two or more such periods, the longest of them) is less than three years, the child may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)) and the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)), file an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock until the child reaches the age of 21; provided, however, that this does not apply if the exercise of the child's right to rebut the presumption would significantly harm the interests of the father in light of the circumstances of upbringing by the father.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 第七百七十四条第二項の規定は、前項の場合には、適用しない。
art-778-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-3
The provisions of Article 774, paragraph (2) do not apply in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第七百七十七条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）及び前条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）に掲げる否認権の行使に係る嫡出否認の訴えは、子が成年に達した後は、提起することができない。
art-778-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-4
An action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock pertaining to the exercise of the right to rebut the presumption set forth in Article 777 (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)) and the preceding Article (limited to the part pertaining to item (iv)) may not be filed after the child has attained the age of majority.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条の三（子の監護に要した費用の償還の制限） — Restriction on Reimbursement of Costs Required for Child Custody
caption: machine translation, not official
art-778-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-3
**第一項** 第七百七十四条の規定により嫡出であることが否認された場合であっても、子は、父であった者が支出した子の監護に要した費用を償還する義務を負わない。
art-778-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-3/par-1
Even if the presumption of the child in wedlock is rebutted pursuant to the provisions of Article 774, the child is not obligated to reimburse the costs required for the custody of the child that were expended by the person who was the father.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十八条の四（相続の開始後に新たに子と推定された者の価額の支払請求権） — Right of a Person Newly Presumed to Be a Child after the Opening of the Succession to Payment of the Value
caption: machine translation, not official
art-778-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-4
**第一項** 相続の開始後、第七百七十四条の規定により否認権が行使され、第七百七十二条第四項の規定により読み替えられた同条第三項の規定により新たに被相続人がその父と定められた者が相続人として遺産の分割を請求しようとする場合において、他の共同相続人が既にその分割その他の処分をしていたときは、当該相続人の遺産分割の請求は、価額のみによる支払の請求により行うものとする。
art-778-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-4/par-1
In a case where, after the opening of the succession, a right to rebut the presumption has been exercised pursuant to the provisions of Article 774, and a person for whom the decedent has been newly determined to be the father pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, paragraph (3) as replaced pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of that Article seeks, as an heir, to request division of the estate, if the other coheirs have already divided or otherwise disposed of the estate, the request of that heir for division of the estate is to be made only by a request for payment of the value.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百七十九条（認知） — (Acknowledgment of Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-779 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-779 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-779
**第一項** 嫡出でない子は、その父又は母がこれを認知することができる。
art-779/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-779/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-779/par-1
A father or a mother may acknowledge a child born out of wedlock to be his or her child.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十条（認知能力） — (Competency to Acknowledge Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-780 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-780 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-780
**第一項** 認知をするには、父又は母が未成年者又は成年被後見人であるときであっても、その法定代理人の同意を要しない。
art-780/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-780/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-780/par-1
A father or a mother does not need the consent of a legal representative in order to acknowledge parentage, even if that father or mother is a minor or an adult ward.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十一条（認知の方式） — (Formalities for Acknowledging Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-781 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-781 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-781
**第一項** 認知は、戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによってする。
art-781/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-781/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-781/par-1
Parentage is acknowledged through the filing of a registration pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 認知は、遺言によっても、することができる。
art-781/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-781/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-781/par-2
Parentage may also be acknowledged in a will.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十二条（成年の子の認知） — (Acknowledging Parentage of an Adult Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-782 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-782 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-782
**第一項** 成年の子は、その承諾がなければ、これを認知することができない。
art-782/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-782/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-782/par-1
A father or mother may not acknowledge parentage of an adult child without that adult child's consent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十三条（胎児又は死亡した子の認知） — (Acknowledging Parentage of an Unborn Child or a Child Who Has Died)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-783 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783
**第一項** 父は、胎内に在る子でも、認知することができる。この場合においては、母の承諾を得なければならない。
art-783/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-1
A father may acknowledge paternity even if the child is still in utero. The mother's consent must be obtained in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の子が出生した場合において、第七百七十二条の規定によりその子の父が定められるときは、同項の規定による認知は、その効力を生じない。
art-783/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-2
If the child referred to in the preceding paragraph is born and the father of the child is determined pursuant to the provisions of Article 772, the acknowledgment under that paragraph does not take effect.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 父又は母は、死亡した子でも、その直系卑属があるときに限り、認知することができる。この場合において、その直系卑属が成年者であるときは、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-783/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-3
A father or mother may acknowledge parentage even if the child has died, but only if that child had a lineal descendant. In such a case, the consent of the lineal descendant must be obtained if that lineal descendant is an adult.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十四条（認知の効力） — (Legal Effect of an Acknowledgment of Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-784 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-784 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-784
**第一項** 認知は、出生の時にさかのぼってその効力を生ずる。ただし、第三者が既に取得した権利を害することはできない。
art-784/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-784/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-784/par-1
An acknowledgement of parentage is effective retroactive to the time of birth; provided, however, that this may not prejudice a right already acquired by a third party.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十五条（認知の取消しの禁止） — (Prohibition on Rescission of Acknowledgments of Parentage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-785 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-785 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-785
**第一項** 認知をした父又は母は、その認知を取り消すことができない。
art-785/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-785/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-785/par-1
A father or a mother who has acknowledged parentage may not rescind that acknowledgment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十六条（認知の無効の訴え） — Action to Invalidate an Acknowledgment of Parentage
caption: machine translation, not official
art-786 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786
**第一項** 次の各号に掲げる者は、それぞれ当該各号に定める時（第七百八十三条第一項の規定による認知がされた場合にあっては、子の出生の時）から七年以内に限り、認知について反対の事実があることを理由として、認知の無効の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、第三号に掲げる者について、その認知の無効の主張が子の利益を害することが明らかなときは、この限りでない。
art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1
The persons set forth in the following items may file an action to invalidate an acknowledgment of parentage, on the grounds that there are facts contrary to the acknowledgment, only within seven years from the time specified respectively in those items (or, in the case where the acknowledgment was made pursuant to the provisions of Article 783, paragraph (1), the time of the child's birth); provided, however, that this does not apply to the person set forth in item (iii) if it is clear that the assertion of invalidity of the acknowledgment would harm the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**一** 子又はその法定代理人 子又はその法定代理人が認知を知った時
art-786/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-1
the child or the child's legal representative: the time when the child or the child's legal representative learns of the acknowledgment;
machine translation, not official
**二** 認知をした者 認知の時
art-786/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-2
the person who made the acknowledgment: the time of the acknowledgment;
machine translation, not official
**三** 子の母 子の母が認知を知った時
art-786/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-3
the child's mother: the time when the child's mother learns of the acknowledgment.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 子は、その子を認知した者と認知後に継続して同居した期間（当該期間が二以上あるときは、そのうち最も長い期間）が三年を下回るときは、前項（第一号に係る部分に限る。）の規定にかかわらず、二十一歳に達するまでの間、認知の無効の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、子による認知の無効の主張が認知をした者による養育の状況に照らして認知をした者の利益を著しく害するときは、この限りでない。
art-786/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-2
If the period during which the child has continuously lived with the person who acknowledged the child after the acknowledgment (or, if there are two or more such periods, the longest of them) is less than three years, the child may, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)), file an action to invalidate the acknowledgment of parentage until the child reaches the age of 21; provided, however, that this does not apply if the child's assertion of invalidity of the acknowledgment would significantly harm the interests of the person who made the acknowledgment in light of the circumstances of upbringing by that person.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 前項の規定は、同項に規定する子の法定代理人が第一項の認知の無効の訴えを提起する場合には、適用しない。
art-786/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-3
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply where the legal representative of the child prescribed in that paragraph files the action to invalidate an acknowledgment of parentage under paragraph (1).
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第一項及び第二項の規定により認知が無効とされた場合であっても、子は、認知をした者が支出した子の監護に要した費用を償還する義務を負わない。
art-786/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-4
Even if an acknowledgment is invalidated pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), the child is not obligated to reimburse the costs required for the custody of the child that were expended by the person who made the acknowledgment.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百八十七条（認知の訴え） — (Filiation Proceedings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-787 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-787 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-787
**第一項** 子、その直系卑属又はこれらの者の法定代理人は、認知の訴えを提起することができる。ただし、父又は母の死亡の日から三年を経過したときは、この限りでない。
art-787/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-787/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-787/par-1
A child, the lineal descendant thereof, or the legal representative of either, may bring filiation proceedings; provided, however that this does not apply if three years have passed since the day on which the father or mother died.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百八十八条（認知後の子の監護に関する事項の定め等） — (Determining Issues of Child Custody after Acknowledgment of Paternity)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-788
**第一項** 第七百六十六条から第七百六十六条の三までの規定は、父が認知する場合について準用する。
art-788/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-788/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-788/par-1
The provisions of Articles 766 through 766-3 apply mutatis mutandis when a father acknowledges paternity.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百八十九条（準正） — (Legitimation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789
**第一項** 父が認知した子は、その父母の婚姻によって嫡出子の身分を取得する。
art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-1
A child whose paternity the father acknowledges acquires status as a child in wedlock upon the marriage of the child's father and mother.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 婚姻中父母が認知した子は、その認知の時から、嫡出子の身分を取得する。
art-789/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-2
A child whose parentage the parents acknowledge while married to each other acquires status of a child in wedlock from the time of that acknowledgment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定は、子が既に死亡していた場合について準用する。
art-789/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-3
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis if the child has already died.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十条（子の氏） — (Child's Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-790 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-790
**第一項** 嫡出である子は、父母の氏を称する。ただし、子の出生前に父母が離婚したときは、離婚の際における父母の氏を称する。
art-790/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-790/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-790/par-1
A child born in wedlock takes the surname of the parents; provided, however that if the parents divorce before the child is born, the child takes the surname used by the parents at the time of divorce.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 嫡出でない子は、母の氏を称する。
art-790/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-790/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-790/par-2
A child not born in wedlock takes the surname of the mother.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十一条（子の氏の変更） — (Changing a Child's Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-791 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791
**第一項** 子が父又は母と氏を異にする場合には、子は、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、その父又は母の氏を称することができる。
art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-1
If a child's surname differs from that of the father or mother, the child may take the surname of the father or mother after obtaining the permission of the family court, through the filing of a registration pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 父又は母が氏を改めたことにより子が父母と氏を異にする場合には、子は、父母の婚姻中に限り、前項の許可を得ないで、戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、その父母の氏を称することができる。
art-791/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-2
If a child's surname differs from that of the parents due to the father or mother changing surnames, the child may take the name of the parents without obtaining the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph only if the parents are married to each other, through the filing of a notification pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 子が十五歳未満であるときは、その法定代理人が、これに代わって、前二項の行為をすることができる。
art-791/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-3
If a child is under 15 years of age, the legal representative thereof may perform the acts referred to in the preceding two paragraphs on the child's behalf.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定により氏を改めた未成年の子は、成年に達した時から一年以内に戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、従前の氏に復することができる。
art-791/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-4
A minor who has changed surnames pursuant to the provisions of one of the preceding three paragraphs may revert to the previous surname within one year of attaining majority, through the filing of a notification pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 養子 — Section 2 Adoption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2
## 第一款 縁組の要件 — Subsection 1 Requirements for Adoption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-1
### 第七百九十二条（養親となる者の年齢） — (Age of Adoptive Parents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-792 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-792 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-792
**第一項** 二十歳に達した者は、養子をすることができる。
art-792/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-792/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-792/par-1
A person who has attained the age of 20 may adopt a child.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百九十三条（尊属又は年長者を養子とすることの禁止） — (Prohibition against Adopting an Ascendant or a Person of Greater Age than One's Self)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-793 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-793 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-793
**第一項** 尊属又は年長者は、これを養子とすることができない。
art-793/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-793/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-793/par-1
It is not permissible to adopt an ascendant or a person of greater age than one's self.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十四条（後見人が被後見人を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of a Ward by the Guardian)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794
**第一項** 後見人が被後見人（未成年被後見人及び成年被後見人をいう。以下同じ。）を養子とするには、家庭裁判所の許可を得なければならない。後見人の任務が終了した後、まだその管理の計算が終わらない間も、同様とする。
art-794/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794/par-1
A guardian must obtain the permission of the family court in order to adopt a ward (meaning a minor ward or an adult ward; the same applies hereinafter). The same applies if the person's role as guardian has ended but the person has not finished accounting for the management of the ward's property.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十五条（配偶者のある者が未成年者を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of a Minor by a Spouse)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-795 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-795 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-795
**第一項** 配偶者のある者が未成年者を養子とするには、配偶者とともにしなければならない。ただし、配偶者の嫡出である子を養子とする場合又は配偶者がその意思を表示することができない場合は、この限りでない。
art-795/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-795/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-795/par-1
In order for one spouse to adopt a minor the other spouse must do so as well; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to one spouse's adoption of the child in wedlock of the other spouse, nor does it apply if the other spouse is incapable of manifesting an intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十六条（配偶者のある者の縁組） — (Adoption Involving a Spouse)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796
**第一項** 配偶者のある者が縁組をするには、その配偶者の同意を得なければならない。ただし、配偶者とともに縁組をする場合又は配偶者がその意思を表示することができない場合は、この限りでない。
art-796/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796/par-1
One spouse may only adopt or be adopted by another with the consent of the other spouse; provided, however, that this does not apply if one spouse adopts or is adopted by another together with the other spouse, or if the other spouse is incapable of manifesting an intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十七条（十五歳未満の者を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of Persons under the Age of 15)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-797 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797
**第一項** 養子となる者が十五歳未満であるときは、その法定代理人が、これに代わって、縁組の承諾をすることができる。
art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-1
If a person being adopted is under 15 years of age, the legal representative thereof may give consent to the child's adoption on behalf thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 法定代理人が前項の承諾をするには、養子となる者の父母でその監護をすべき者であるものが他にあるときは、その同意を得なければならない。養子となる者の父母で親権を停止されているものがあるときも、同様とする。
art-797/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-2
If the person being adopted has another parent that is entitled to custody thereof, the legal representative must obtain the consent of that parent before giving the consent referred to in the preceding paragraph. The same applies if a parent's parental authority in respect of the person being adopted has been suspended.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の縁組をすることが子の利益のため特に必要であるにもかかわらず、養子となる者の父母でその監護をすべき者であるものが縁組の同意をしないときは、家庭裁判所は、養子となる者の法定代理人の請求により、その同意に代わる許可を与えることができる。同項の縁組をすることが子の利益のため特に必要であるにもかかわらず、養子となる者の父母で親権を停止されているものが縁組の同意をしないときも、同様とする。
art-797/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-3
If, even though the adoption referred to in paragraph (1) is particularly necessary for the interests of the child, a parent of the person to be adopted who is to have custody of the person does not consent to the adoption, the family court may, at the request of the legal representative of the person to be adopted, grant permission in lieu of that consent. The same applies if, even though the adoption referred to in that paragraph is particularly necessary for the interests of the child, a parent of the person to be adopted whose parental authority has been suspended does not consent to the adoption.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 第一項の承諾に係る親権の行使について第八百二十四条の二第三項に規定する請求を受けた家庭裁判所は、第一項の縁組をすることが子の利益のため特に必要であると認めるときに限り、同条第三項の規定による審判をすることができる。
art-797/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-4
The family court that has received the request prescribed in Article 824-2, paragraph (3) concerning the exercise of parental authority relating to the consent under paragraph (1) may issue a ruling under paragraph (3) of that Article only if it finds that the adoption referred to in paragraph (1) is particularly necessary for the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
### 第七百九十八条（未成年者を養子とする縁組） — (Adoption of a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798
**第一項** 未成年者を養子とするには、家庭裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、自己又は配偶者の直系卑属を養子とする場合は、この限りでない。
art-798/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798/par-1
A person must obtain the permission of the family court in order to adopt a minor; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person to be adopted is the lineal descendant of either the adoptive parent or the adoptive parent's spouse.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第七百九十九条（婚姻の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Marriage Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799
**第一項** 第七百三十八条及び第七百三十九条の規定は、縁組について準用する。
art-799/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799/par-1
The provisions of Article 738 and Article 739 apply mutatis mutandis to adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百条（縁組の届出の受理） — (Acceptance of Application to Register an Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-800 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-800 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-800
**第一項** 縁組の届出は、その縁組が第七百九十二条から前条までの規定その他の法令の規定に違反しないことを認めた後でなければ、受理することができない。
art-800/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-800/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-800/par-1
It is not permissible to accept an application to register an adoption until the adoption has been found not to violate any of the provisions of Article 792 through Article 799 or the provisions of any other law or regulation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百一条（外国に在る日本人間の縁組の方式） — (Formalities for Adoption between Japanese Nationals in a Foreign Country)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-801 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-801 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-801
**第一項** 外国に在る日本人間で縁組をしようとするときは、その国に駐在する日本の大使、公使又は領事にその届出をすることができる。この場合においては、第七百九十九条において準用する第七百三十九条の規定及び前条の規定を準用する。
art-801/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-801/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-801/par-1
If a Japanese national in a foreign country seeks to adopt, or to be adopted by, another Japanese national in that country, the application to register the adoption may be filed with the Japanese Ambassador, Minister of the Japanese Embassy, or Consul stationed in that country. The provisions of Article 739 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 799 and the provisions of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis, in such a case.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 縁組の無効及び取消し — Subsection 2 Nullity and Annulment of Adoptions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-2
### 第八百二条（縁組の無効） — (Nullity of Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-802 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802
**第一項** 縁組は、次に掲げる場合に限り、無効とする。
art-802/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802/par-1
An adoption is void only in one of the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 人違いその他の事由によって当事者間に縁組をする意思がないとき。
art-802/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802/par-1/item-1
if the parties did not have the mutual intention to enter into the adoption due to a party being mistaken as to the identity of the other or any other cause; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 当事者が縁組の届出をしないとき。ただし、その届出が第七百九十九条において準用する第七百三十九条第二項に定める方式を欠くだけであるときは、縁組は、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-802/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-802/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-802/par-1/item-2
if the parties have failed to register the adoption; provided, however, that if the registration merely lacks a formality prescribed in Article 739, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 799, this does not impair the validity of the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百三条（縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-803 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-803 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-803
**第一項** 縁組は、次条から第八百八条までの規定によらなければ、取り消すことができない。
art-803/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-803/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-803/par-1
An adoption may not be annulled other than pursuant to the provisions of Article 804 through Article 808.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百四条（養親が二十歳未満の者である場合の縁組の取消し） — Annulment of an Adoption; Adoptive Parent Is under 20 Years of Age
caption: machine translation, not official
art-804 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-804 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-804
**第一項** 第七百九十二条の規定に違反した縁組は、養親又はその法定代理人から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、養親が、二十歳に達した後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-804/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-804/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-804/par-1
An adoptive parent or the legal representative thereof may request the family court to annul an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 792; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the adoptive parent attains the age of 20, six months are allowed to pass or the adoptive parent ratifies the adoption.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百五条（養子が尊属又は年長者である場合の縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption; Adopted Child Is the Ascendant or a Person of Greater Age Than the Adoptive Parent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-805 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-805 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-805
**第一項** 第七百九十三条の規定に違反した縁組は、各当事者又はその親族から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。
art-805/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-805/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-805/par-1
Either of the parties to an adoption or any relative thereof may request the family court to annul an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 793.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六条（後見人と被後見人との間の無許可縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption between a Guardian and Ward Occurring Without the Permission of the Family Court)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-806 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806
**第一項** 第七百九十四条の規定に違反した縁組は、養子又はその実方の親族から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、管理の計算が終わった後、養子が追認をし、又は六箇月を経過したときは、この限りでない。
art-806/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-1
An adopted child or a natural relative of thereof may request the family court to annul an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 794;provided, however, that this does not apply if, after a full account is rendered of the management of the child's property, the adopted child ratifies the adoption or six months are allowed to pass.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項ただし書の追認は、養子が、成年に達し、又は行為能力を回復した後にしなければ、その効力を生じない。
art-806/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-2
A ratification as referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph does not take effect unless the adopted child ratifies the adoption after attaining the age of majority or recovering the legal capacity to act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 養子が、成年に達せず、又は行為能力を回復しない間に、管理の計算が終わった場合には、第一項ただし書の期間は、養子が、成年に達し、又は行為能力を回復した時から起算する。
art-806/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-3
If a full account is rendered of the management of the adopted child's property but the child has not attained the age of majority or recovered the legal capacity to act, the period referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) is calculated beginning from the time that the adopted child attains the age of majority or recovers the legal capacity to act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六条の二（配偶者の同意のない縁組等の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption Effected Without Spousal Consent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-806-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2
**第一項** 第七百九十六条の規定に違反した縁組は、縁組の同意をしていない者から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その者が、縁組を知った後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-806-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2/par-1
The person not consenting to an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 796 may request the family court to annul the adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after learning of the adoption, the person allows six months to pass or ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 詐欺又は強迫によって第七百九十六条の同意をした者は、その縁組の取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その者が、詐欺を発見し、若しくは強迫を免れた後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-806-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2/par-2
A person giving the consent referred to in Article 796 due to fraud or duress may request the family court to annul the adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if, after discovering the fraud or escaping from the duress, the person allows six months to pass or ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百六条の三（子の監護をすべき者の同意のない縁組等の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption Effected Without the Consent of the Person Entitled to Custody of the Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-806-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3
**第一項** 第七百九十七条第二項の規定に違反した縁組は、縁組の同意をしていない者から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その者が追認をしたとき、又は養子が十五歳に達した後六箇月を経過し、若しくは追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-806-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3/par-1
A person not consenting to an adoption that violates the provisions of Article 797, paragraph (2) may request the family court to annul the adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if the person ratifies the adoption, nor does it apply if, after the adopted child reaches the age of 15, six months are allowed to pass or the child ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条第二項の規定は、詐欺又は強迫によって第七百九十七条第二項の同意をした者について準用する。
art-806-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3/par-2
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to consent as referred to in Article 797, paragraph (2) that is given due to fraud or duress.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百七条（養子が未成年者である場合の無許可縁組の取消し） — (Annulment of an Adoption Effected Without the Permission of the Family Court; Adopted Child Is a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-807 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-807 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-807
**第一項** 第七百九十八条の規定に違反した縁組は、養子、その実方の親族又は養子に代わって縁組の承諾をした者から、その取消しを家庭裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、養子が、成年に達した後六箇月を経過し、又は追認をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-807/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-807/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-807/par-1
The adopted child, a natural relative thereof, or the person consenting to the adoption on the adopted child's behalf may request the family court to annul the adoption if it violates the provisions of Article 798;provided, however, that this does not apply if, after the adopted child attains the age of majority, six months are allowed to pass or the child ratifies the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百八条（婚姻の取消し等の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Cancellation of a Marriage)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-808 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808
**第一項** 第七百四十七条及び第七百四十八条の規定は、縁組について準用する。この場合において、第七百四十七条第二項中「三箇月」とあるのは、「六箇月」と読み替えるものとする。
art-808/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808/par-1
The provisions of Article 747 and Article 748 apply mutatis mutandis to adoption. In this case, the term "three months" in Article 747, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "six months".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第七百六十九条及び第八百十六条の規定は、縁組の取消しについて準用する。
art-808/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808/par-2
The provisions of Article 769 and Article 816 apply mutatis mutandis to the annulment of an adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三款 縁組の効力 — Subsection 3 Legal Effect of Adoption
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-3
### 第八百九条（嫡出子の身分の取得） — (Acquisition of Status as a Child in Wedlock)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-809 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-809 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-809
**第一項** 養子は、縁組の日から、養親の嫡出子の身分を取得する。
art-809/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-809/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-809/par-1
An adopted child acquires status as the child in wedlock of the adoptive parent or parents from the date of the adoption.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十条（養子の氏） — (Adopted Child's Surname)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-810 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-810 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-810
**第一項** 養子は、養親の氏を称する。ただし、婚姻によって氏を改めた者については、婚姻の際に定めた氏を称すべき間は、この限りでない。
art-810/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-810/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-810/par-1
An adopted child takes the surname of the adoptive parent or parents; provided, however, that this does not apply with respect to a person who has changed surnames upon marriage and continues to use the surname decided on at the time of marriage.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四款 離縁 — Subsection 4 Dissolution of Adoptive Relationships
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-4
### 第八百十一条（協議上の離縁等） — (Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship by Agreement)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-811 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811
**第一項** 縁組の当事者は、その協議で、離縁をすることができる。
art-811/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-1
Parties to an adoption may agree to dissolve the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 養子が十五歳未満であるときは、その離縁は、養親と養子の離縁後にその法定代理人となるべき者との協議でこれをする。
art-811/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-2
If an adopted child is under 15 years of age, the adoptive parent or parents and the person or persons that are to become the legal representatives of the child after the dissolution of the adoptive relationship may agree to dissolve the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合において、養子の父母が離婚しているときは、その協議で、その双方又は一方を養子の離縁後にその親権者となるべき者と定めなければならない。
art-811/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-3
In a case as referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the parents of the adopted child are divorced, they must reach an agreement in which they decide that both of them or one of them is to be the person with parental authority with respect to the child after the dissolution of the adoptive relationship.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所は、同項の父若しくは母又は養親の請求によって、協議に代わる審判をすることができる。この場合においては、第八百十九条第七項の規定を準用する。
art-811/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-4
If the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court may issue a ruling to stand in place of that agreement, at the request of the father or mother referred to in that paragraph or at the request of an adoptive parent. In this case, the provisions of Article 819, paragraph (7) apply mutatis mutandis.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 第二項の法定代理人となるべき者がないときは、家庭裁判所は、養子の親族その他の利害関係人の請求によって、養子の離縁後にその未成年後見人となるべき者を選任する。
art-811/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-5
If there is no person to become the legal representative as referred to in paragraph (2), at the request of a relative of the adopted child or any other interested party, the family court may appoint a person to become the guardian of the minor after the dissolution of the adopted child's adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 縁組の当事者の一方が死亡した後に生存当事者が離縁をしようとするときは、家庭裁判所の許可を得て、これをすることができる。
art-811/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-6
If one of the parties to an adoption dies and a surviving party seeks to dissolve the adoptive relationship, that party may do so with the permission of the family court.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十一条の二（夫婦である養親と未成年者との離縁） — (Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship between a Married Couple and a Minor)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-811-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811-2
**第一項** 養親が夫婦である場合において未成年者と離縁をするには、夫婦が共にしなければならない。ただし、夫婦の一方がその意思を表示することができないときは、この限りでない。
art-811-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811-2/par-1
In order for adoptive parents who are married to each other to dissolve their adoptive relationship with a minor, they must do so jointly; provided, however, that this does not apply if one party to the marriage is incapable of manifesting an intention.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十二条（婚姻の規定の準用） — (Mutatis Mutandis Application of Marriage Provisions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-812 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-812 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-812
**第一項** 第七百三十八条、第七百三十九条及び第七百四十七条の規定は、協議上の離縁について準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「三箇月」とあるのは、「六箇月」と読み替えるものとする。
art-812/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-812/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-812/par-1
The provisions of Article 738, Article 739, and Article 747 apply mutatis mutandis to the dissolution of an adoptive relationship. In this case, the term "three months" in Article 747, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "six months".
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十三条（離縁の届出の受理） — (Acceptance of Application to Register the Dissolution of an Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-813 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813
**第一項** 離縁の届出は、その離縁が前条において準用する第七百三十九条第二項の規定並びに第八百十一条及び第八百十一条の二の規定その他の法令の規定に違反しないことを認めた後でなければ、受理することができない。
art-813/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813/par-1
It is not permissible to accept an application to register the dissolution of an adoptive relationship until the dissolution thereof has been found not to violate any of the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 739 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding Article, Article 811, Article 811-2, or the provisions of any other law or regulation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 離縁の届出が前項の規定に違反して受理されたときであっても、離縁は、そのためにその効力を妨げられない。
art-813/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813/par-2
Even if an application to register the dissolution of an adoptive relation is accepted in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, this does not impair the validity of the dissolution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十四条（裁判上の離縁） — (Judicial Dissolution of an Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-814 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814
**第一項** 縁組の当事者の一方は、次に掲げる場合に限り、離縁の訴えを提起することができる。
art-814/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1
A party to an adoption may independently initiate proceedings to dissolve the adoptive relationship only in one of the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 他の一方から悪意で遺棄されたとき。
art-814/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-1
if the party has been willfully abandoned by the other party;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 他の一方の生死が三年以上明らかでないとき。
art-814/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-2
if it has been unclear whether the other party is dead or alive for three years or more; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** その他縁組を継続し難い重大な事由があるとき。
art-814/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-3
if there are any other material grounds that make it difficult for the adoptive relationship to continue.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 第七百七十条第二項の規定は、前項第一号及び第二号に掲げる場合について準用する。
art-814/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-2
The provisions of Article 770, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to a case as set forth in item (i) or item (ii) of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十五条（養子が十五歳未満である場合の離縁の訴えの当事者） — (Party to an Action to Dissolve an Adoptive Relationship: Adopted Child Is Under the Age of 15)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-815 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-815 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-815
**第一項** 養子が十五歳に達しない間は、第八百十一条の規定により養親と離縁の協議をすることができる者から、又はこれに対して、離縁の訴えを提起することができる。
art-815/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-815/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-815/par-1
If an adopted child has not attained the age of 15, an action to dissolve the adoptive relationship may be initiated by or against a person who may reach an agreement with the adoptive parent or parents to dissolve the adoptive relationship pursuant to the provisions of Article 811.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十六条（離縁による復氏等） — (Reversion of the Surname upon Dissolution of the Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-816 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816
**第一項** 養子は、離縁によって縁組前の氏に復する。ただし、配偶者とともに養子をした養親の一方のみと離縁をした場合は、この限りでない。
art-816/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816/par-1
An adopted child reverts to the surname used before the adoption upon dissolution of the adoptive relationship; provided, however, that this does not apply in the event of a dissolution of the adoptive relationship between the adopted child and only one of the adoptive parents that adopted that child together with the spouse.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 縁組の日から七年を経過した後に前項の規定により縁組前の氏に復した者は、離縁の日から三箇月以内に戸籍法の定めるところにより届け出ることによって、離縁の際に称していた氏を称することができる。
art-816/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816/par-2
A person who has reverted to the surname used before adoption pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph and who has done so after seven years have passed since the date of the adoption may take the surname used at the time of the dissolution of the adoptive relationship by filing a registration pursuant to the provisions of the Family Register Act within three months of the date of its dissolution.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条（離縁による復氏の際の権利の承継） — (Succession of Rights after Reversion to Previous Surname Due to Dissolution of the Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817
**第一項** 第七百六十九条の規定は、離縁について準用する。
art-817/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817/par-1
The provisions of Article 769 apply mutatis mutandis to the dissolution of adoptive relationships.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第五款 特別養子 — Subsection 5 Special Adoptions
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-2/subsec-5
### 第八百十七条の二（特別養子縁組の成立） — (Entering into a Special Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2
**第一項** 家庭裁判所は、次条から第八百十七条の七までに定める要件があるときは、養親となる者の請求により、実方の血族との親族関係が終了する縁組（以下この款において「特別養子縁組」という。）を成立させることができる。
art-817-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2/par-1
At the request of a person becoming an adoptive parent, the family court may allow an adoption to be entered into which extinguishes the kinship between the child and the natural relatives thereof (referred to hereinafter in this subsection as a "special adoption") if the requirements prescribed in the following Article through Article 817-7 are met.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する請求をするには、第七百九十四条又は第七百九十八条の許可を得ることを要しない。
art-817-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2/par-2
The permission referred to in Article 794 and Article 798 is not required in order for a person to make the request referred to in the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の三（養親の夫婦共同縁組） — (Joint Adoption by a Married Couple)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3
**第一項** 養親となる者は、配偶者のある者でなければならない。
art-817-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3/par-1
The person becoming an adoptive parent must have a spouse.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 夫婦の一方は、他の一方が養親とならないときは、養親となることができない。ただし、夫婦の一方が他の一方の嫡出である子（特別養子縁組以外の縁組による養子を除く。）の養親となる場合は、この限りでない。
art-817-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3/par-2
One party to a marriage may not become an adoptive parent unless the other party to the marriage also becomes an adoptive parent; provided, however, that this does not apply if one party to a marriage becomes the adoptive parent of the child in wedlock of the other party to the marriage (but not of a child adopted other than through a special adoption).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の四（養親となる者の年齢） — (Age of Persons Becoming Adoptive Parents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-4
**第一項** 二十五歳に達しない者は、養親となることができない。ただし、養親となる夫婦の一方が二十五歳に達していない場合においても、その者が二十歳に達しているときは、この限りでない。
art-817-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-4/par-1
A person who has not attained 25 years of age may not become an adoptive parent; provided, however, that even if, in a married couple becoming adoptive parents, one of the parties to the marriage has not attained 25 years of age, so long as that party has attained 20 years of age, this does not apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の五（養子となる者の年齢） — (Age of Persons Being Adopted)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5
**第一項** 第八百十七条の二に規定する請求の時に十五歳に達している者は、養子となることができない。特別養子縁組が成立するまでに十八歳に達した者についても、同様とする。
art-817-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-1
A person who has attained 15 years of age at the time of the request prescribed in Article 817-2 may not be adopted. The same applies to a person who has attained 18 years of age before the special adoption is formed.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項前段の規定は、養子となる者が十五歳に達する前から引き続き養親となる者に監護されている場合において、十五歳に達するまでに第八百十七条の二に規定する請求がされなかったことについてやむを得ない事由があるときは、適用しない。
art-817-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-2
The provisions of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the person to be adopted has been continuously in the custody of the person to become the adoptive parent since before reaching 15 years of age and there are unavoidable reasons why the request prescribed in Article 817-2 was not made by the time the person reached 15 years of age.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 養子となる者が十五歳に達している場合においては、特別養子縁組の成立には、その者の同意がなければならない。
art-817-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-3
If the person to be adopted has attained 15 years of age, the consent of that person is required for entering into a special adoption.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百十七条の六（父母の同意） — (Parental Consent)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-6
**第一項** 特別養子縁組の成立には、養子となる者の父母の同意がなければならない。ただし、父母がその意思を表示することができない場合又は父母による虐待、悪意の遺棄その他養子となる者の利益を著しく害する事由がある場合は、この限りでない。
art-817-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-6/par-1
In order for a special adoption to be entered into, both parents of the person being adopted must consent to the special adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply if the parents are incapable of manifesting an intention, nor does it apply in a case of abuse or willful abandonment by the parents of the person being adopted or if the parents have otherwise been the cause of grave harm to the interests of the person being adopted.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の七（子の利益のための特別の必要性） — (Particular Necessity in the Interests of the Child)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-7
**第一項** 特別養子縁組は、父母による養子となる者の監護が著しく困難又は不適当であることその他特別の事情がある場合において、子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときに、これを成立させるものとする。
art-817-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-7/par-1
A special adoption is only to be allowed if it is exceedingly difficult or inappropriate for the parents of the person being adopted to care for the child or any other special circumstances exist, and the special adoption is found to be particularly necessary in the interests of the child.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の八（監護の状況） — (The Care Situation)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8
**第一項** 特別養子縁組を成立させるには、養親となる者が養子となる者を六箇月以上の期間監護した状況を考慮しなければならない。
art-817-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8/par-1
The state of affairs after not less than six months of the persons becoming the adoptive parents caring for the person being adopted must be taken into consideration before a special adoption is allowed to be entered into.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の期間は、第八百十七条の二に規定する請求の時から起算する。ただし、その請求前の監護の状況が明らかであるときは、この限りでない。
art-817-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8/par-2
The period referred to in the preceding paragraph is calculated beginning from the time of the request provided for in Article 817-2;provided, however, that this does not apply if the care situation is evident prior to the request.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の九（実方との親族関係の終了） — (Extinguishment of Kinship with the Natural Relatives)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-9
**第一項** 養子と実方の父母及びその血族との親族関係は、特別養子縁組によって終了する。ただし、第八百十七条の三第二項ただし書に規定する他の一方及びその血族との親族関係については、この限りでない。
art-817-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-9/par-1
The kinship between an adopted child and the natural parents and blood relatives thereof is extinguished by a special adoption; provided, however, that this does not apply to the kinship with the other spouse provided for in the proviso to Article 817-3, paragraph (2) and the blood relatives thereof.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の十（特別養子縁組の離縁） — (Dissolution of a Special Adoption)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10
**第一項** 次の各号のいずれにも該当する場合において、養子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときは、家庭裁判所は、養子、実父母又は検察官の請求により、特別養子縁組の当事者を離縁させることができる。
art-817-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1
At the request of the adopted child, the natural parents thereof, or the public prosecutor, the family court may dissolve the adoptive relationship among the parties to a special adoption in a case that falls under both of the following items, if the court finds there to be a particular need to do so in the interests of the adopted child:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 養親による虐待、悪意の遺棄その他養子の利益を著しく害する事由があること。
art-817-10/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1/item-1
there has been abuse or willful abandonment by the adoptive parents, or the adoptive parents have otherwise been the cause of grave harm to the interests of the adopted child;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 実父母が相当の監護をすることができること。
art-817-10/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1/item-2
the natural parents are capable of providing reasonable care for the child.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 離縁は、前項の規定による場合のほか、これをすることができない。
art-817-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-2
The dissolution of a special adoption may not be effected other than in a case under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第八百十七条の十一（離縁による実方との親族関係の回復） — (Restoration of Kinship with the Natural Relatives upon Dissolution of the Adoptive Relationship)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-817-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-11
**第一項** 養子と実父母及びその血族との間においては、離縁の日から、特別養子縁組によって終了した親族関係と同一の親族関係を生ずる。
art-817-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-11/par-1
The same kinship that was extinguished by the special adoption arises between the adopted child and the natural parents and blood relatives thereof from the date of the dissolution of the adoptive relationship.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 親の責務等 — Section 3 Responsibilities of Parents, etc.
heading: machine translation, not official
pt-4/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-4/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-4/ch-3/sec-3
### 第八百十七条の十二（親の責務等） — Responsibilities of Parents, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-817-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-12
**第一項** 父母は、子の心身の健全な発達を図るため、その子の人格を尊重するとともに、その子の年齢及び発達の程度に配慮してその子を養育しなければならず、かつ、その子が自己と同程度の生活を維持することができるよう扶養しなければならない。
art-817-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-12/par-1
Parents must, in order to ensure the sound mental and physical development of the child, respect the child's personality and raise the child with consideration for the child's age and degree of development, and must also support the child so that the child can maintain a standard of living equivalent to their own.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 父母は、婚姻関係の有無にかかわらず、子に関する権利の行使又は義務の履行に関し、その子の利益のため、互いに人格を尊重し協力しなければならない。
art-817-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-12/par-2
Regardless of whether or not they are in a marital relationship, parents must respect each other's personality and cooperate with each other, in the interests of the child, with regard to the exercise of rights or performance of duties concerning the child.
machine translation, not official
### 第八百十七条の十三（親子の交流等） — Contact between Parent and Child, etc.
caption: machine translation, not official
art-817-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13
**第一項** 第七百六十六条（第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の場合のほか、子と別居する父又は母その他の親族と当該子との交流について必要な事項は、父母の協議で定める。この場合においては、子の利益を最も優先して考慮しなければならない。
art-817-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-1
In addition to the cases of Article 766 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Articles 749, 771 and 788), matters necessary for contact between a child and the father or mother or other relatives living apart from the child are determined by agreement of the parents. In this case, the interests of the child must be given the highest priority in the consideration.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所が、父又は母の請求により、同項の事項を定める。
art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-2
If the agreement referred to in the preceding paragraph is not reached or if discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court determines the matters referred to in that paragraph at the request of the father or mother.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 家庭裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、父又は母の請求により、前二項の規定による定めを変更することができる。
art-817-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-3
If the family court finds it necessary, it may, at the request of the father or mother, change a determination under the preceding two paragraphs.
machine translation, not official
**第四項** 前二項の請求を受けた家庭裁判所は、子の利益のため特に必要があると認めるときに限り、父母以外の親族と子との交流を実施する旨を定めることができる。
art-817-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-4
The family court that has received a request under the preceding two paragraphs may determine that contact between a relative other than the parents and the child is to take place, only if it finds it particularly necessary for the interests of the child.
machine translation, not official
**第五項** 前項の定めについての第二項又は第三項の規定による審判の請求は、父母以外の子の親族（子の直系尊属及び兄弟姉妹以外の者にあっては、過去に当該子を監護していた者に限る。）もすることができる。ただし、当該親族と子との交流についての定めをするため他に適当な方法があるときは、この限りでない。
art-817-13/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-5
A request for a ruling under paragraph (2) or paragraph (3) regarding the determination referred to in the preceding paragraph may also be made by a relative of the child other than the parents (in the case of persons other than the child's lineal ascendants and siblings, limited to those who have previously had custody of the child); provided, however, that this does not apply if there is another appropriate method for making a determination on contact between that relative and the child.
machine translation, not official
---
## Cites
- art-772/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第一項 (Article 772, paragraph (1)), art-772/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-1
- art-772/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第一項 (Article 772, paragraph (1)), art-772/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-1
- art-772/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第一項 (Article 772, paragraph (1)), art-772/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-1
- art-772/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第二項 (Article 772, paragraph (2)), art-772/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-2
- art-772/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第三項 (Article 772, paragraph (3)), art-772/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
- art-772/par-4: 第七百七十四条 → 民法 第七百七十四条 (Article 774), art-774 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774
- art-773/par-1: 第七百三十二条 → 民法 第七百三十二条 (Article 732), art-732 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-732 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-732
- art-773/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第七百七十二条 (Article 772), art-772 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772
- art-774/par-1: 第七百七十二条 → 民法 第七百七十二条 (Article 772), art-772 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772
- art-774/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第七百七十四条第一項 (Article 774, paragraph (1)), art-774/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-1
- art-774/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第七百七十四条第一項 (Article 774, paragraph (1)), art-774/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-1
- art-774/par-4: 第七百七十二条第三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第三項 (Article 772, paragraph (3)), art-772/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
- art-774/par-5: 前項 → 民法 第七百七十四条第四項 (Article 774, paragraph (4)), art-774/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-4
- art-774/par-5: 第七百七十二条第四項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第四項 (Article 772, paragraph (4)), art-772/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-4
- art-774/par-5: 同条第三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第三項 (Article 772, paragraph (3)), art-772/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
- art-774/par-5: 第一項 → 民法 第七百七十四条第一項 (Article 774, paragraph (1)), art-774/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-1
- art-775/par-2: 前項第一号 → 民法 第七百七十五条第一項第一号 (Article 775, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-775/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-1
- art-775/par-2: 第四号 → 民法 第七百七十五条第一項第四号 (Article 775, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-775/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-775/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-775/par-1/item-4
- art-778/par-1: 第七百七十二条第三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第三項 (Article 772, paragraph (3)), art-772/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
- art-778/par-1: 第七百七十四条 → 民法 第七百七十四条 (Article 774), art-774 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774
- art-778/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第七百七十七条 (Article 777), art-777 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777
- art-778/par-1/item-1: 第七百七十二条第四項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第四項 (Article 772, paragraph (4)), art-772/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-4
- art-778/par-1/item-1: 同条第三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第三項 (Article 772, paragraph (3)), art-772/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
- art-778/par-1/item-2: 前号 → 民法 第七百七十八条第一項第一号 (Article 778, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-778/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-1
- art-778/par-1/item-3: 第一号 → 民法 第七百七十八条第一項第一号 (Article 778, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-778/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-1
- art-778/par-1/item-4: 第一号 → 民法 第七百七十八条第一項第一号 (Article 778, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-778/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-1
- art-778-2/par-1: 第七百七十七条 → 民法 第七百七十七条 (Article 777), art-777 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777
- art-778-2/par-1: 第二号 → 民法 第七百七十七条第一項第二号 (Article 777, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-777/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-2
- art-778-2/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第七百七十八条 (Article 778), art-778 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778
- art-778-2/par-1: 第二号 → 民法 第七百七十八条第一項第二号 (Article 778, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-778/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-2
- art-778-2/par-2: 第七百七十七条 → 民法 第七百七十七条 (Article 777), art-777 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777
- art-778-2/par-2: 第二号 → 民法 第七百七十七条第一項第二号 (Article 777, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-777/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-2
- art-778-2/par-2: 前条 → 民法 第七百七十八条 (Article 778), art-778 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778
- art-778-2/par-2: 第二号 → 民法 第七百七十八条第一項第二号 (Article 778, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-778/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-2
- art-778-2/par-3: 第七百七十四条第二項 → 民法 第七百七十四条第二項 (Article 774, paragraph (2)), art-774/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774/par-2
- art-778-2/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第七百七十八条の二第二項 (Article 778-2, paragraph (2)), art-778-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778-2/par-2
- art-778-2/par-4: 第七百七十七条 → 民法 第七百七十七条 (Article 777), art-777 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777
- art-778-2/par-4: 第四号 → 民法 第七百七十七条第一項第四号 (Article 777, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-777/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-777/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-777/par-1/item-4
- art-778-2/par-4: 前条 → 民法 第七百七十八条 (Article 778), art-778 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778
- art-778-2/par-4: 第四号 → 民法 第七百七十八条第一項第四号 (Article 778, paragraph (1), item (iv)), art-778/par-1/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-778/par-1/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-778/par-1/item-4
- art-778-3/par-1: 第七百七十四条 → 民法 第七百七十四条 (Article 774), art-774 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774
- art-778-4/par-1: 第七百七十四条 → 民法 第七百七十四条 (Article 774), art-774 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-774 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-774
- art-778-4/par-1: 第七百七十二条第四項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第四項 (Article 772, paragraph (4)), art-772/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-4
- art-778-4/par-1: 同条第三項 → 民法 第七百七十二条第三項 (Article 772, paragraph (3)), art-772/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772/par-3
- art-783/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第七百八十三条第一項 (Article 783, paragraph (1)), art-783/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-1
- art-783/par-2: 第七百七十二条 → 民法 第七百七十二条 (Article 772), art-772 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-772 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-772
- art-786/par-1: 第七百八十三条第一項 → 民法 第七百八十三条第一項 (Article 783, paragraph (1)), art-783/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-783/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-783/par-1
- art-786/par-1: 第三号 → 民法 第七百八十六条第一項第三号 (Article 786, paragraph (1), item (iii)), art-786/par-1/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-3
- art-786/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第七百八十六条第一項 (Article 786, paragraph (1)), art-786/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1
- art-786/par-2: 第一号 → 民法 第七百八十六条第一項第一号 (Article 786, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-786/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1/item-1
- art-786/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第七百八十六条第二項 (Article 786, paragraph (2)), art-786/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-2
- art-786/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第七百八十六条第一項 (Article 786, paragraph (1)), art-786/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1
- art-786/par-4: 第一項 → 民法 第七百八十六条第一項 (Article 786, paragraph (1)), art-786/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-1
- art-786/par-4: 第二項 → 民法 第七百八十六条第二項 (Article 786, paragraph (2)), art-786/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-786/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-786/par-2
- art-788/par-1: 第七百六十六条から第七百六十六条の三まで → 民法 第七百六十六条 (Article 766), art-766 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766
- art-788/par-1: 第七百六十六条から第七百六十六条の三まで → 民法 第七百六十六条の二 (Article 766-2), art-766-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-2
- art-788/par-1: 第七百六十六条から第七百六十六条の三まで → 民法 第七百六十六条の三 (Article 766-3), art-766-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766-3
- art-789/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第七百八十九条第一項 (Article 789, paragraph (1)), art-789/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-1
- art-789/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第七百八十九条第二項 (Article 789, paragraph (2)), art-789/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-789/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-789/par-2
- art-791/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第七百九十一条第一項 (Article 791, paragraph (1)), art-791/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-1
- art-791/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第七百九十一条第一項 (Article 791, paragraph (1)), art-791/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-1
- art-791/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第七百九十一条第二項 (Article 791, paragraph (2)), art-791/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-2
- art-791/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第七百九十一条第一項 (Article 791, paragraph (1)), art-791/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-1
- art-791/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第七百九十一条第二項 (Article 791, paragraph (2)), art-791/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-2
- art-791/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第七百九十一条第三項 (Article 791, paragraph (3)), art-791/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-791/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-791/par-3
- art-797/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第七百九十七条第一項 (Article 797, paragraph (1)), art-797/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-1
- art-797/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第七百九十七条第一項 (Article 797, paragraph (1)), art-797/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-1
- art-797/par-4: 第一項 → 民法 第七百九十七条第一項 (Article 797, paragraph (1)), art-797/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-1
- art-797/par-4: 第八百二十四条の二第三項 → 民法 第八百二十四条の二第三項 (Article 824-2, paragraph (3)), art-824-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-824-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-824-2/par-3
- art-799/par-1: 第七百三十八条 → 民法 第七百三十八条 (Article 738), art-738 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-738 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-738
- art-799/par-1: 第七百三十九条 → 民法 第七百三十九条 (Article 739), art-739 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十二条 (Article 792), art-792 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-792 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-792
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十三条 (Article 793), art-793 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-793 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-793
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十四条 (Article 794), art-794 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十五条 (Article 795), art-795 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-795 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-795
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十六条 (Article 796), art-796 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十七条 (Article 797), art-797 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十八条 (Article 798), art-798 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798
- art-800/par-1: 第七百九十二条から前条まで → 民法 第七百九十九条 (Article 799), art-799 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799
- art-801/par-1: 第七百九十九条 → 民法 第七百九十九条 (Article 799), art-799 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799
- art-801/par-1: 第七百三十九条 → 民法 第七百三十九条 (Article 739), art-739 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739
- art-801/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第八百条 (Article 800), art-800 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-800 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-800
- art-802/par-1/item-2: 第七百九十九条 → 民法 第七百九十九条 (Article 799), art-799 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-799 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-799
- art-802/par-1/item-2: 第七百三十九条第二項 → 民法 第七百三十九条第二項 (Article 739, paragraph (2)), art-739/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739/par-2
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百四条 (Article 804), art-804 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-804 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-804
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百五条 (Article 805), art-805 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-805 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-805
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百六条 (Article 806), art-806 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百六条の二 (Article 806-2), art-806-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百六条の三 (Article 806-3), art-806-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-3
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百七条 (Article 807), art-807 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-807 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-807
- art-803/par-1: 次条から第八百八条まで → 民法 第八百八条 (Article 808), art-808 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-808 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-808
- art-804/par-1: 第七百九十二条 → 民法 第七百九十二条 (Article 792), art-792 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-792 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-792
- art-805/par-1: 第七百九十三条 → 民法 第七百九十三条 (Article 793), art-793 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-793 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-793
- art-806/par-1: 第七百九十四条 → 民法 第七百九十四条 (Article 794), art-794 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794
- art-806/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百六条第一項 (Article 806, paragraph (1)), art-806/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-1
- art-806/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第八百六条第一項 (Article 806, paragraph (1)), art-806/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806/par-1
- art-806-2/par-1: 第七百九十六条 → 民法 第七百九十六条 (Article 796), art-796 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796
- art-806-2/par-2: 第七百九十六条 → 民法 第七百九十六条 (Article 796), art-796 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-796 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-796
- art-806-3/par-1: 第七百九十七条第二項 → 民法 第七百九十七条第二項 (Article 797, paragraph (2)), art-797/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-2
- art-806-3/par-2: 前条第二項 → 民法 第八百六条の二第二項 (Article 806-2, paragraph (2)), art-806-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-806-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-806-2/par-2
- art-806-3/par-2: 第七百九十七条第二項 → 民法 第七百九十七条第二項 (Article 797, paragraph (2)), art-797/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-797/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-797/par-2
- art-807/par-1: 第七百九十八条 → 民法 第七百九十八条 (Article 798), art-798 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798
- art-808/par-1: 第七百四十七条 → 民法 第七百四十七条 (Article 747), art-747 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747
- art-808/par-1: 第七百四十八条 → 民法 第七百四十八条 (Article 748), art-748 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-748 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-748
- art-808/par-1: 第七百四十七条第二項 → 民法 第七百四十七条第二項 (Article 747, paragraph (2)), art-747/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747/par-2
- art-808/par-2: 第七百六十九条 → 民法 第七百六十九条 (Article 769), art-769 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-769 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-769
- art-808/par-2: 第八百十六条 → 民法 第八百十六条 (Article 816), art-816 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816
- art-811/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第八百十一条第二項 (Article 811, paragraph (2)), art-811/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-2
- art-811/par-4: 前項 → 民法 第八百十一条第三項 (Article 811, paragraph (3)), art-811/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-3
- art-811/par-4: 第八百十九条第七項 → 民法 第八百十九条第七項 (Article 819, paragraph (7)), art-819/par-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7
- art-811/par-5: 第二項 → 民法 第八百十一条第二項 (Article 811, paragraph (2)), art-811/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-2
- art-812/par-1: 第七百三十八条 → 民法 第七百三十八条 (Article 738), art-738 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-738 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-738
- art-812/par-1: 第七百三十九条 → 民法 第七百三十九条 (Article 739), art-739 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739
- art-812/par-1: 第七百四十七条 → 民法 第七百四十七条 (Article 747), art-747 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747
- art-812/par-1: 同条第二項 → 民法 第七百四十七条第二項 (Article 747, paragraph (2)), art-747/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-747/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-747/par-2
- art-813/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第八百十二条 (Article 812), art-812 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-812 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-812
- art-813/par-1: 第七百三十九条第二項 → 民法 第七百三十九条第二項 (Article 739, paragraph (2)), art-739/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-739/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-739/par-2
- art-813/par-1: 第八百十一条 → 民法 第八百十一条 (Article 811), art-811 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811
- art-813/par-1: 第八百十一条の二 → 民法 第八百十一条の二 (Article 811-2), art-811-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811-2
- art-813/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十三条第一項 (Article 813, paragraph (1)), art-813/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-813/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-813/par-1
- art-814/par-2: 第七百七十条第二項 → 民法 第七百七十条第二項 (Article 770, paragraph (2)), art-770/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-770/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-770/par-2
- art-814/par-2: 前項第一号 → 民法 第八百十四条第一項第一号 (Article 814, paragraph (1), item (i)), art-814/par-1/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-1
- art-814/par-2: 第二号 → 民法 第八百十四条第一項第二号 (Article 814, paragraph (1), item (ii)), art-814/par-1/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-814/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-814/par-1/item-2
- art-815/par-1: 第八百十一条 → 民法 第八百十一条 (Article 811), art-811 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811
- art-816/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十六条第一項 (Article 816, paragraph (1)), art-816/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-816/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-816/par-1
- art-817/par-1: 第七百六十九条 → 民法 第七百六十九条 (Article 769), art-769 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-769 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-769
- art-817-2/par-1: 次条から第八百十七条の七まで → 民法 第八百十七条の三 (Article 817-3), art-817-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3
- art-817-2/par-1: 次条から第八百十七条の七まで → 民法 第八百十七条の四 (Article 817-4), art-817-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-4
- art-817-2/par-1: 次条から第八百十七条の七まで → 民法 第八百十七条の五 (Article 817-5), art-817-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5
- art-817-2/par-1: 次条から第八百十七条の七まで → 民法 第八百十七条の六 (Article 817-6), art-817-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-6
- art-817-2/par-1: 次条から第八百十七条の七まで → 民法 第八百十七条の七 (Article 817-7), art-817-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-7
- art-817-2/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十七条の二第一項 (Article 817-2, paragraph (1)), art-817-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2/par-1
- art-817-2/par-2: 第七百九十四条 → 民法 第七百九十四条 (Article 794), art-794 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-794 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-794
- art-817-2/par-2: 第七百九十八条 → 民法 第七百九十八条 (Article 798), art-798 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-798 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-798
- art-817-5/par-1: 第八百十七条の二 → 民法 第八百十七条の二 (Article 817-2), art-817-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2
- art-817-5/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十七条の五第一項 (Article 817-5, paragraph (1)), art-817-5/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-5/par-1
- art-817-5/par-2: 第八百十七条の二 → 民法 第八百十七条の二 (Article 817-2), art-817-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2
- art-817-8/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十七条の八第一項 (Article 817-8, paragraph (1)), art-817-8/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-8/par-1
- art-817-8/par-2: 第八百十七条の二 → 民法 第八百十七条の二 (Article 817-2), art-817-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-2
- art-817-9/par-1: 第八百十七条の三第二項 → 民法 第八百十七条の三第二項 (Article 817-3, paragraph (2)), art-817-3/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-3/par-2
- art-817-10/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十第一項 (Article 817-10, paragraph (1)), art-817-10/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-10/par-1
- art-817-13/par-1: 第七百六十六条 → 民法 第七百六十六条 (Article 766), art-766 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-766 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-766
- art-817-13/par-1: 第七百四十九条 → 民法 第七百四十九条 (Article 749), art-749 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-749 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-749
- art-817-13/par-1: 第七百七十一条 → 民法 第七百七十一条 (Article 771), art-771 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-771 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-771
- art-817-13/par-1: 第七百八十八条 → 民法 第七百八十八条 (Article 788), art-788 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-788 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-788
- art-817-13/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第一項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (1)), art-817-13/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-1
- art-817-13/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第一項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (1)), art-817-13/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-1
- art-817-13/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第二項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (2)), art-817-13/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-2
- art-817-13/par-4: 前二項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第二項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (2)), art-817-13/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-2
- art-817-13/par-4: 前二項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第三項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (3)), art-817-13/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-3
- art-817-13/par-5: 前項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第四項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (4)), art-817-13/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-4
- art-817-13/par-5: 第二項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第二項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (2)), art-817-13/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-2
- art-817-13/par-5: 第三項 → 民法 第八百十七条の十三第三項 (Article 817-13, paragraph (3)), art-817-13/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-817-13/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-817-13/par-3
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## Sources
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 2 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4275/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-002, translated 2026-10-12
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-003, translated 2026-10-12
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-004, translated 2026-10-12
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T211255-001, translated 2026-10-12
- This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11