# 民法 / Civil Code — 第三章 (Part 2, Chapter 3)
- Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号
- English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第三章 (Part 2, Chapter 3) — address `pt-2/ch-3`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
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## 第三章 所有権 — Chapter III Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3
## 第一節 所有権の限界 — Section 1 Extent of Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1
## 第一款 所有権の内容及び範囲 — Subsection 1 Content and Scope of Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-1
### 第二百六条（所有権の内容） — (Content of Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-206 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-206
**第一項** 所有者は、法令の制限内において、自由にその所有物の使用、収益及び処分をする権利を有する。
art-206/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-206/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-206/par-1
An owner has the rights to freely use, profit from and dispose of the thing owned, within the limits of laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百七条（土地所有権の範囲） — (Scope of Ownership in Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-207 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-207 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-207
**第一項** 土地の所有権は、法令の制限内において、その土地の上下に及ぶ。
art-207/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-207/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-207/par-1
Ownership in land extends to above and below the surface of the land, within the limits of laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百八条 〔削除 / repealed〕
art-208 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-208 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-208
**第一項** 削除
art-208/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-208/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-208/par-1
Deleted
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二款 相隣関係 — Subsection 2 Neighboring Relationships
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-1/subsec-2
### 第二百九条（隣地の使用） — (Use of Neighboring Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-209 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、次に掲げる目的のため必要な範囲内で、隣地を使用することができる。ただし、住家については、その居住者の承諾がなければ、立ち入ることはできない。
art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1
An owner of land may use the neighboring land to the extent necessary for the following purposes; provided, however, that the owner may not enter the dwelling house of the resident without the approval of the resident:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 境界又はその付近における障壁、建物その他の工作物の築造、収去又は修繕
art-209/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1/item-1
construction, removal or repair of barriers, buildings or other structures at or near the boundary;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 境界標の調査又は境界に関する測量
art-209/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1/item-2
investigation of boundary markers or surveying concerning boundaries; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 第二百三十三条第三項の規定による枝の切取り
art-209/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-1/item-3
cutting of branches pursuant to the provisions of Article 233, paragraph (3).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、使用の日時、場所及び方法は、隣地の所有者及び隣地を現に使用している者（以下この条において「隣地使用者」という。）のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
art-209/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the date and time, place, and method of use is to be chosen which causes the least damage to the owner of the neighboring land and to the person who is actually using the neighboring land (referred to as "user of the neighboring land" in this Article below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定により隣地を使用する者は、あらかじめ、その目的、日時、場所及び方法を隣地の所有者及び隣地使用者に通知しなければならない。ただし、あらかじめ通知することが困難なときは、使用を開始した後、遅滞なく、通知することをもって足りる。
art-209/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-3
A person who uses the neighboring land pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must notify the owner and user of the neighboring land in advance of the purpose, date and time, place, and method of the use; provided, however, that if it is difficult to give notice in advance, it is sufficient to give notice without delay after starting the use.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の場合において、隣地の所有者又は隣地使用者が損害を受けたときは、その償金を請求することができる。
art-209/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-209/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-209/par-4
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the owner or user of the neighboring land suffers damages, they may claim compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十条（公道に至るための他の土地の通行権） — (Right-of-Way over Other Land for Access to Public Roads)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-210 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-210 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-210
**第一項** 他の土地に囲まれて公道に通じない土地の所有者は、公道に至るため、その土地を囲んでいる他の土地を通行することができる。
art-210/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-210/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-210/par-1
An owner of land that is surrounded by other land and has no access to a public road may pass through the other land that surrounds that owner's land to reach a public road.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 池沼、河川、水路若しくは海を通らなければ公道に至ることができないとき、又は崖があって土地と公道とに著しい高低差があるときも、前項と同様とする。
art-210/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-210/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-210/par-2
The preceding paragraph also applies if an owner cannot reach a public road without passing over a pond, lake, river, waterway, or sea, or if there is an extreme difference in height between the land and the public road on account of a cliff.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十一条
art-211 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-211 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-211
**第一項** 前条の場合には、通行の場所及び方法は、同条の規定による通行権を有する者のために必要であり、かつ、他の土地のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
art-211/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-211/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-211/par-1
In the cases referred to in the preceding Article, the location and method of passage must be chosen so as to meet the needs of the person that is entitled to the right-of-way under the provisions of that Article and cause the least damage to the other land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前条の規定による通行権を有する者は、必要があるときは、通路を開設することができる。
art-211/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-211/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-211/par-2
A person that holds the right-of-way under the provisions of the preceding Article may construct a road if necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十二条
art-212 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-212 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-212
**第一項** 第二百十条の規定による通行権を有する者は、その通行する他の土地の損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。ただし、通路の開設のために生じた損害に対するものを除き、一年ごとにその償金を支払うことができる。
art-212/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-212/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-212/par-1
A person that is entitled to the right-of-way under the provisions of Article 210 must pay compensation for damage caused to the other land that the same person passes through; provided, however, that except for damage arising from the construction of a road, compensation may be paid on an annual basis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条
art-213 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213
**第一項** 分割によって公道に通じない土地が生じたときは、その土地の所有者は、公道に至るため、他の分割者の所有地のみを通行することができる。この場合においては、償金を支払うことを要しない。
art-213/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213/par-1
If the partition of land creates a parcel of land that has no access to public roads, the owner of that parcel of land may pass to the public roads only through the lands owned by another person that participated in the partition. In this case, it is necessary to pay compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、土地の所有者がその土地の一部を譲り渡した場合について準用する。
art-213/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the owner of land transfers part of the land to another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条の二（継続的給付を受けるための設備の設置権等） — (Right to Install Facilities for Receiving Continuous Supply)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-213-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用しなければ電気、ガス又は水道水の供給その他これらに類する継続的給付（以下この項及び次条第一項において「継続的給付」という。）を受けることができないときは、継続的給付を受けるため必要な範囲内で、他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用することができる。
art-213-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-1
If an owner of land is unable to receive electricity, gas or tap water supply or any other continuous supply equivalent thereto (referred to as "continuous supply" in this paragraph and paragraph (1) of the following Article) without installing facilities on other land or using facilities owned by another person, the owner of land may install facilities on the other land or use facilities owned by the other person to the extent necessary to receive continuous supply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、設備の設置又は使用の場所及び方法は、他の土地又は他人が所有する設備（次項において「他の土地等」という。）のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
art-213-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the place and method of installation or use of the facilities are to be chosen which causes the least damage to other land or facilities owned by the other person (referred to as "other land, etc." in the following paragraph).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の規定により他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用する者は、あらかじめ、その目的、場所及び方法を他の土地等の所有者及び他の土地を現に使用している者に通知しなければならない。
art-213-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-3
A person who installs facilities on other land or uses facilities owned by another person pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must notify in advance the owner of other land, etc. and the person who is actually using the other land of the purpose, place and method of the installation or use.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定による権利を有する者は、同項の規定により他の土地に設備を設置し、又は他人が所有する設備を使用するために当該他の土地又は当該他人が所有する設備がある土地を使用することができる。この場合においては、第二百九条第一項ただし書及び第二項から第四項までの規定を準用する。
art-213-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-4
In order to install facilities on other land or to use facilities owned by another person pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph, a person who has the right pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) may use the other land in question or the land on which the facilities owned by the other person in question are located. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (1), and paragraphs (2) through (4) of Article 209 apply mutatis mutandis.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第一項の規定により他の土地に設備を設置する者は、その土地の損害（前項において準用する第二百九条第四項に規定する損害を除く。）に対して償金を支払わなければならない。ただし、一年ごとにその償金を支払うことができる。
art-213-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-5
A person who installs facilities on other land pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must pay compensation for damage (excluding damage prescribed in Article 209, paragraph (4) as applied mutatis mutandis in the preceding paragraph) to the other land in question; provided, however, the compensation may be paid annually.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第六項** 第一項の規定により他人が所有する設備を使用する者は、その設備の使用を開始するために生じた損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。
art-213-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-6
A person who uses facilities owned by another person pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) must pay compensation for damage caused by actions taken in order to initiate using the facilities.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第七項** 第一項の規定により他人が所有する設備を使用する者は、その利益を受ける割合に応じて、その設置、改築、修繕及び維持に要する費用を負担しなければならない。
art-213-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-2/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-2/par-7
A person who uses, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), facilities owned by another person must bear the costs required for installation, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of the facilities in proportion to the benefits received.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十三条の三
art-213-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-3
**第一項** 分割によって他の土地に設備を設置しなければ継続的給付を受けることができない土地が生じたときは、その土地の所有者は、継続的給付を受けるため、他の分割者の所有地のみに設備を設置することができる。この場合においては、前条第五項の規定は、適用しない。
art-213-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-3/par-1
If the partition of land creates a parcel of land that cannot receive continuous supply without installing facilities on other land, an owner of the land, in order to receive continuous supply, may install facilities only on other land owned by a person who participated in the partition. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (5) of the preceding Article do not apply.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、土地の所有者がその土地の一部を譲り渡した場合について準用する。
art-213-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-213-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-213-3/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if an owner of land has transferred a part of the land to another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十四条（自然水流に対する妨害の禁止） — (Prohibition of Obstruction of Natural Water Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-214 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-214 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-214
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、隣地から水が自然に流れて来るのを妨げてはならない。
art-214/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-214/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-214/par-1
A landowner must not interfere with a natural water stream flowing from a neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十五条（水流の障害の除去） — (Removal of Impediments to Water Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-215 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-215 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-215
**第一項** 水流が天災その他避けることのできない事変により低地において閉塞したときは、高地の所有者は、自己の費用で、水流の障害を除去するため必要な工事をすることができる。
art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-215/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-215/par-1
If a stream is blocked at low-lying ground due to a natural disaster or other unavoidable accident, an owner of a higher land may carry out construction work necessary to remove the impediment to the stream at that owner's own expense.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十六条（水流に関する工作物の修繕等） — (Repairs of Structures Related to Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-216 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-216 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-216
**第一項** 他の土地に貯水、排水又は引水のために設けられた工作物の破壊又は閉塞により、自己の土地に損害が及び、又は及ぶおそれがある場合には、その土地の所有者は、当該他の土地の所有者に、工作物の修繕若しくは障害の除去をさせ、又は必要があるときは予防工事をさせることができる。
art-216/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-216/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-216/par-1
If a land suffers or is likely to suffer damage due to destruction or blockage of a structure installed on other land to store, discharge or draw water, the owner of that land may have the owner of that other land repair the structure or remove the impediments, or, if necessary, have the same carry out preventive construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十七条（費用の負担についての慣習） — (Customs with Respect to Allocation of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-217 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-217 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-217
**第一項** 前二条の場合において、費用の負担について別段の慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-217/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-217/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-217/par-1
In the cases provided for in the preceding two Articles, if there are other customs with respect to the allocation of expenses, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十八条（雨水を隣地に注ぐ工作物の設置の禁止） — (Prohibition of Installation of Structures That Discharge Rainwater to Neighboring Lands)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-218 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-218 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-218
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、直接に雨水を隣地に注ぐ構造の屋根その他の工作物を設けてはならない。
art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-218/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-218/par-1
A landowner must not install a roof or other structures that discharge rainwater directly onto neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百十九条（水流の変更） — (Changes to Streams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219
**第一項** 溝、堀その他の水流地の所有者は、対岸の土地が他人の所有に属するときは、その水路又は幅員を変更してはならない。
art-219/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219/par-1
An owner of a channel, moat, or other land containing a stream must not change the course or width of the same if the land on the other side is owned by another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 両岸の土地が水流地の所有者に属するときは、その所有者は、水路及び幅員を変更することができる。ただし、水流が隣地と交わる地点において、自然の水路に戻さなければならない。
art-219/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219/par-2
If the land on both sides of a stream is owned by the owner of the land containing the stream, that owner may change the course or the width of the same; provided, however, that the owner must return the stream to its natural course at the point where the stream meets a neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-219/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-219/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-219/par-3
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十条（排水のための低地の通水） — (Running Water Through Lower Ground for Discharge)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-220 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-220
**第一項** 高地の所有者は、その高地が浸水した場合にこれを乾かすため、又は自家用若しくは農工業用の余水を排出するため、公の水流又は下水道に至るまで、低地に水を通過させることができる。この場合においては、低地のために損害が最も少ない場所及び方法を選ばなければならない。
art-220/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-220/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-220/par-1
An owner of a higher land may run water through lower lands to dry out that owner's higher land if that land is flooded, or to discharge surplus water for household or agricultural or industrial use until the water meets a public stream or sewerage system. In these cases, the location and method that cause the least damage to the lower ground must be selected.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十一条（通水用工作物の使用） — (Use of Structures to Direct Water)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、その所有地の水を通過させるため、高地又は低地の所有者が設けた工作物を使用することができる。
art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221/par-1
A landowner may use a structure installed by the owner of higher or lower land in order to cause water from the landowner's land to pass through that land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合には、他人の工作物を使用する者は、その利益を受ける割合に応じて、工作物の設置及び保存の費用を分担しなければならない。
art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221/par-2
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, the person using the other person's structure must bear the expenses of the installation and preservation of the structure in proportion to the benefit that person enjoys.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十二条（堰の設置及び使用） — (Construction and Use of Dams)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222
**第一項** 水流地の所有者は、堰を設ける必要がある場合には、対岸の土地が他人の所有に属するときであっても、その堰を対岸に付着させて設けることができる。ただし、これによって生じた損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。
art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-1
If an owner of land containing a stream needs to construct a dam, that owner may construct that dam by fixing it to the other side even if the land on the other side is owned by another person; provided, however, that the owner must pay compensation for damage arising as a result.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 対岸の土地の所有者は、水流地の一部がその所有に属するときは、前項の堰を使用することができる。
art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-2
The owner of land on the other side of a dam may use the dam referred to in the preceding paragraph if that owner owns part of the land containing the stream.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前条第二項の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。
art-222/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-3
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十三条（境界標の設置） — (Installation of Boundary Markers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-223 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-223
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、隣地の所有者と共同の費用で、境界標を設けることができる。
art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-223/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-223/par-1
A landowner may install boundary markers, sharing the expenses with the owner of the neighboring land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十四条（境界標の設置及び保存の費用） — (Expenses of Installation and Preservation of Boundary Markers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-224 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-224
**第一項** 境界標の設置及び保存の費用は、相隣者が等しい割合で負担する。ただし、測量の費用は、その土地の広狭に応じて分担する。
art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-224/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-224/par-1
The expenses of installation and preservation of boundary markers are borne equally by neighbors; provided, however, that measuring expenses are borne in proportion to the area of each land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十五条（囲障の設置） — (Installation of Fences)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225
**第一項** 二棟の建物がその所有者を異にし、かつ、その間に空地があるときは、各所有者は、他の所有者と共同の費用で、その境界に囲障を設けることができる。
art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225/par-1
If two buildings are owned by different owners and there is an open lot between them, each owner may install a fence on the boundary, sharing the expenses with the other owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 当事者間に協議が調わないときは、前項の囲障は、板塀又は竹垣その他これらに類する材料のものであって、かつ、高さ二メートルのものでなければならない。
art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225/par-2
If no agreement is reached between the parties, the fence referred to in the preceding paragraph must be a wooden fence, a bamboo fence or a fence made of similar material and must be two meters high.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十六条（囲障の設置及び保存の費用） — (Expenses of Installation and Preservation of Fences)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-226
**第一項** 前条の囲障の設置及び保存の費用は、相隣者が等しい割合で負担する。
art-226/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-226/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-226/par-1
The expenses of installation and preservation of the fences under the preceding Article are borne equally by the neighbors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十七条（相隣者の一人による囲障の設置） — (Installation of Fences by One of the Neighbors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-227
**第一項** 相隣者の一人は、第二百二十五条第二項に規定する材料より良好なものを用い、又は同項に規定する高さを増して囲障を設けることができる。ただし、これによって生ずる費用の増加額を負担しなければならない。
art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-227/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-227/par-1
One of the neighboring owners may install a fence using materials better than those provided for in Article 225, paragraph (2) or elevating the height provided for under that paragraph; provided, however, that the relevant owner must bear the increase in expenses arising as a result of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十八条（囲障の設置等に関する慣習） — (Customs Relating to Installation of Fences)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-228 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-228
**第一項** 前三条の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-228/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-228/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-228/par-1
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding three Articles, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二十九条（境界標等の共有の推定） — (Presumption of Co-Ownership of Boundary Markers)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-229
**第一項** 境界線上に設けた境界標、囲障、障壁、溝及び堀は、相隣者の共有に属するものと推定する。
art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-229/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-229/par-1
Boundary markers, fences, walls, channels and moats installed on boundary lines are presumed to be co-owned by the neighbors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十条
art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230
**第一項** 一棟の建物の一部を構成する境界線上の障壁については、前条の規定は、適用しない。
art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply to a wall on a boundary line that constitutes part of a building.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 高さの異なる二棟の隣接する建物を隔てる障壁の高さが、低い建物の高さを超えるときは、その障壁のうち低い建物を超える部分についても、前項と同様とする。ただし、防火障壁については、この限りでない。
art-230/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230/par-2
If the height of a wall that separates two neighboring buildings of different heights is higher than the height of the lower building, the preceding paragraph also applies with respect to that portion of that wall that is higher than the lower building; provided, however, that this does not apply to fire walls.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十一条（共有の障壁の高さを増す工事） — (Construction Work Raising Height of Co-Owned Walls)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231
**第一項** 相隣者の一人は、共有の障壁の高さを増すことができる。ただし、その障壁がその工事に耐えないときは、自己の費用で、必要な工作を加え、又はその障壁を改築しなければならない。
art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231/par-1
One of neighboring owners may raise the height of a co-owned wall; provided, however, that if the wall cannot withstand the construction work, the relevant owner must reinforce that wall as necessary or rebuild the same at the owner's own expense.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定により障壁の高さを増したときは、その高さを増した部分は、その工事をした者の単独の所有に属する。
art-231/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231/par-2
If the height of a wall is raised pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the raised portion is owned solely by the owner that carried out the construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十二条
art-232 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-232 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-232
**第一項** 前条の場合において、隣人が損害を受けたときは、その償金を請求することができる。
art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-232/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-232/par-1
In the cases provided for in the preceding Article, if a neighbor suffers damage, that neighbor may claim compensation for the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十三条（竹木の枝の切除及び根の切取り） — (Cutting of Branches and Roots of Trees and Bamboo)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-233 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233
**第一項** 土地の所有者は、隣地の竹木の枝が境界線を越えるときは、その竹木の所有者に、その枝を切除させることができる。
art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-1
If a tree or bamboo branch from neighboring land crosses a boundary line, the landowner may have the owner of that tree or bamboo sever that branch.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の場合において、竹木が数人の共有に属するときは、各共有者は、その枝を切り取ることができる。
art-233/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-2
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the tree or bamboo belongs to several co-owners, any of the co-owners may cut off the branch.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の場合において、次に掲げるときは、土地の所有者は、その枝を切り取ることができる。
art-233/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3
In the case referred to in paragraph (1), an owner of land may cut off the branch in the following cases:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 竹木の所有者に枝を切除するよう催告したにもかかわらず、竹木の所有者が相当の期間内に切除しないとき。
art-233/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3/item-1
if the owner of the tree or bamboo does not cut off the branch within a reasonable period of time despite receiving a notice requesting the owner to do so;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 竹木の所有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないとき。
art-233/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3/item-2
if identity of the owner of the tree or bamboo cannot be ascertained, or the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 急迫の事情があるとき。
art-233/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-3/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-3/item-3
if there are pressing circumstances.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 隣地の竹木の根が境界線を越えるときは、その根を切り取ることができる。
art-233/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-4
If a tree or bamboo root from neighboring land crosses a boundary line, the owner of the land may sever that root.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十四条（境界線付近の建築の制限） — (Restrictions on Buildings near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234
**第一項** 建物を築造するには、境界線から五十センチメートル以上の距離を保たなければならない。
art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234/par-1
In order to construct a building, the building must be distanced 50 centimeters or more away from the boundary line.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定に違反して建築をしようとする者があるときは、隣地の所有者は、その建築を中止させ、又は変更させることができる。ただし、建築に着手した時から一年を経過し、又はその建物が完成した後は、損害賠償の請求のみをすることができる。
art-234/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234/par-2
If a person attempts to construct a building in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the owner of the neighboring land may have the construction suspended or changed; provided, however, that if one year passes from the time when that construction started or if that building is completed, the owner may only claim for damages.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十五条
art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235
**第一項** 境界線から一メートル未満の距離において他人の宅地を見通すことのできる窓又は縁側（ベランダを含む。次項において同じ。）を設ける者は、目隠しを付けなければならない。
art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235/par-1
A person that installs a window or porch (including a veranda, the same applies in the following paragraph) at a distance of less than one meter from a boundary line allowing the observation of the residential land of another person must put up a privacy screen.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の距離は、窓又は縁側の最も隣地に近い点から垂直線によって境界線に至るまでを測定して算出する。
art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235/par-2
The distance referred to in the preceding paragraph is calculated by measuring the length of a straight line from the point on the window or porch closest to the neighboring land, to where it reaches the boundary line at a right angle.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十六条（境界線付近の建築に関する慣習） — (Customs Relating to Construction near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-236 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-236 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-236
**第一項** 前二条の規定と異なる慣習があるときは、その慣習に従う。
art-236/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-236/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-236/par-1
If there are customs that differ from the provisions of the preceding two Articles, those customs prevail.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十七条（境界線付近の掘削の制限） — (Restrictions on Digging near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237
**第一項** 井戸、用水だめ、下水だめ又は肥料だめを掘るには境界線から二メートル以上、池、穴蔵又はし尿だめを掘るには境界線から一メートル以上の距離を保たなければならない。
art-237/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237/par-1
In order to dig a well, service water pit, sewage pit or compost pit, the same must be distanced two or more meters from the boundary line, and in order to dig a pond, cellar or human waste pit, the same must be distanced one or more meters from the boundary line.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 導水管を埋め、又は溝若しくは堀を掘るには、境界線からその深さの二分の一以上の距離を保たなければならない。ただし、一メートルを超えることを要しない。
art-237/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237/par-2
In order to bury water pipes, or dig a channel or moat, the water pipes, channel or moat must be distanced from the boundary line by a measurement equivalent to at least half the depth of the water pipes, channel or moat; provided, however, that the distance is not required to be exceeding one meter.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百三十八条（境界線付近の掘削に関する注意義務） — (Duty of Care Regarding Digging near Boundary Lines)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-238 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-238 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-238
**第一項** 境界線の付近において前条の工事をするときは、土砂の崩壊又は水若しくは汚液の漏出を防ぐため必要な注意をしなければならない。
art-238/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-238/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-238/par-1
When carrying out a construction referred to in the preceding Article near a boundary line, necessary care must be taken to ensure the prevention of landslides or leakages of water or contaminated liquids.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 所有権の取得 — Section 2 Acquisition of Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-2
### 第二百三十九条（無主物の帰属） — (Ownership in Ownerless Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-239 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-239 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-239
**第一項** 所有者のない動産は、所有の意思をもって占有することによって、その所有権を取得する。
art-239/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-239/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-239/par-1
Ownership of movables without an owner are acquired by possessing the same with the intention to own.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者のない不動産は、国庫に帰属する。
art-239/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-239/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-239/par-2
Ownerless immovables belong to the national treasury.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十条（遺失物の拾得） — (Finding of Lost Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-240 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-240 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-240
**第一項** 遺失物は、遺失物法（平成十八年法律第七十三号）の定めるところに従い公告をした後三箇月以内にその所有者が判明しないときは、これを拾得した者がその所有権を取得する。
art-240/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-240/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-240/par-1
If the owner of lost property is not identified within three months of the time when public notice is effected as prescribed by the Lost Property Act (Act No. 73 of 2006), the person who found the lost property acquires ownership of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十一条（埋蔵物の発見） — (Discovery of Buried Things)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-241 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-241 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-241
**第一項** 埋蔵物は、遺失物法の定めるところに従い公告をした後六箇月以内にその所有者が判明しないときは、これを発見した者がその所有権を取得する。ただし、他人の所有する物の中から発見された埋蔵物については、これを発見した者及びその他人が等しい割合でその所有権を取得する。
art-241/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-241/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-241/par-1
If the owner of a buried thing is not identified within six months of the time when public notice is effected as prescribed by the Lost Property Act, the finder acquires ownership of the same; provided, however, that with respect to a buried thing discovered inside a thing that belongs to another person, the finder and that other person acquire equally proportionate ownership of that buried thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十二条（不動産の付合） — (Accession to Immovables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-242
**第一項** 不動産の所有者は、その不動産に従として付合した物の所有権を取得する。ただし、権原によってその物を附属させた他人の権利を妨げない。
art-242/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-242/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-242/par-1
The owner of immovables acquires ownership of a thing that has been attached thereto as its appurtenance; provided, however, that the rights of the other person that attached that thing by virtue of a title are not prejudiced.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十三条（動産の付合） — (Accession to Movables)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243
**第一項** 所有者を異にする数個の動産が、付合により、損傷しなければ分離することができなくなったときは、その合成物の所有権は、主たる動産の所有者に帰属する。分離するのに過分の費用を要するときも、同様とする。
art-243/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243/par-1
If two or more movable properties with different owners can no longer be separated without damage due to accession, the ownership of the composite thing belongs to the owner of the principal movable property. The same applies if excessive expense is required to separate the movables.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十四条
art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244
**第一項** 付合した動産について主従の区別をすることができないときは、各動産の所有者は、その付合の時における価格の割合に応じてその合成物を共有する。
art-244/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244/par-1
If the distinction of principal and accessory cannot be made between the movables united by accession, the owner of each movable property co-owns the composite thing in proportion to the respective price current at the time of the accession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十五条（混和） — (Mixture)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245
**第一項** 前二条の規定は、所有者を異にする物が混和して識別することができなくなった場合について準用する。
art-245/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245/par-1
The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis if the things of different owners are mixed together and can no longer be distinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十六条（加工） — (Processing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246
**第一項** 他人の動産に工作を加えた者（以下この条において「加工者」という。）があるときは、その加工物の所有権は、材料の所有者に帰属する。ただし、工作によって生じた価格が材料の価格を著しく超えるときは、加工者がその加工物の所有権を取得する。
art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246/par-1
If a person (referred to as "processor" in this Article below) adds labor to another person's movables, the ownership of the processed thing belongs to the owner of the material; provided, however, that if the value derived from the work significantly exceeds the value of the material, the processor acquires ownership of the processed thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、加工者が材料の一部を供したときは、その価格に工作によって生じた価格を加えたものが他人の材料の価格を超えるときに限り、加工者がその加工物の所有権を取得する。
art-246/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246/par-2
In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the processor provides a portion of the materials, the processor acquires ownership of the processed thing only if the value of provided materials added to the value derived from the labor exceeds the value of the other person's materials.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十七条（付合、混和又は加工の効果） — (Effect of Accession, Mixture or Processing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247
**第一項** 第二百四十二条から前条までの規定により物の所有権が消滅したときは、その物について存する他の権利も、消滅する。
art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247/par-1
If the ownership of a thing is extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 242 through the preceding Article, other rights existing on that thing are also extinguished.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項に規定する場合において、物の所有者が、合成物、混和物又は加工物（以下この項において「合成物等」という。）の単独所有者となったときは、その物について存する他の権利は以後その合成物等について存し、物の所有者が合成物等の共有者となったときは、その物について存する他の権利は以後その持分について存する。
art-247/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247/par-2
In the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the owner of a thing has become the sole owner of the thing formed by accession or appurtenance, mixture or processing (referred to as "composite thing" in this paragraph below), other rights existing on that thing thereafter exist on the composite thing, and if the owner of the thing becomes a co-owner of the composite thing, other rights existing on that thing thereafter exist on that owner's interest in the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四十八条（付合、混和又は加工に伴う償金の請求） — (Demands for Compensation for Accession, Appurtenance, Mixture or Processing)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-248 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-248 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-248
**第一項** 第二百四十二条から前条までの規定の適用によって損失を受けた者は、第七百三条及び第七百四条の規定に従い、その償金を請求することができる。
art-248/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-248/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-248/par-1
A person that suffers loss because of the application of the provisions of Article 242 through the preceding Article may demand compensation in accordance with the provisions of Article 703 and Article 704.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 共有 — Section 3 Co-Ownership
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-3
### 第二百四十九条（共有物の使用） — (Use of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-249 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249
**第一項** 各共有者は、共有物の全部について、その持分に応じた使用をすることができる。
art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249/par-1
Each co-owner may use the entire property in co-ownership in proportion to each co-owner's interest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有物を使用する共有者は、別段の合意がある場合を除き、他の共有者に対し、自己の持分を超える使用の対価を償還する義務を負う。
art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249/par-2
Unless otherwise agreed, a co-owner who uses the property in co-ownership is obligated to reimburse other co-owners for the use of the property in co-ownership in excess of the co-owner's ownership share.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 共有者は、善良な管理者の注意をもって、共有物の使用をしなければならない。
art-249/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-249/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-249/par-3
A co-owner must use the property in co-ownership with the due care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十条（共有持分の割合の推定） — (Presumption of Proportion of Co-Ownership Interests)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-250 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-250
**第一項** 各共有者の持分は、相等しいものと推定する。
art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-250/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-250/par-1
Each co-owner's interest is presumed to be equal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十一条（共有物の変更） — (Changes to Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251
**第一項** 各共有者は、他の共有者の同意を得なければ、共有物に変更（その形状又は効用の著しい変更を伴わないものを除く。次項において同じ。）を加えることができない。
art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251/par-1
No co-owner may make changes (excluding those that do not involve extreme changes to the shape or function; the same applies in the following paragraph) to the property in co-ownership without the consent of the other co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有者の請求により、当該他の共有者以外の他の共有者の同意を得て共有物に変更を加えることができる旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251/par-2
If a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or their whereabouts, the court may, at the request of the co-owner, render a judicial decision to the effect that changes may be made to the property in co-ownership with the consent of the co-owners other than the other co-owner in question.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十二条（共有物の管理） — (Management of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252
**第一項** 共有物の管理に関する事項（次条第一項に規定する共有物の管理者の選任及び解任を含み、共有物に前条第一項に規定する変更を加えるものを除く。次項において同じ。）は、各共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数で決する。共有物を使用する共有者があるときも、同様とする。
art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-1
Particulars regarding the management of property in co-ownership (including the appointment and dismissal of a manager of the property in co-ownership prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article, and excluding those that make any changes prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article to the property in co-ownership; the same applies in the following paragraph) are decided by a majority according to the value of the ownership shares of the co-owners. The same applies when there are co-owners who use the property in co-ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、次の各号に掲げるときは、当該各号に規定する他の共有者以外の共有者の請求により、当該他の共有者以外の共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数で共有物の管理に関する事項を決することができる旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2
In any of the following cases, the court, upon the request of a co-owner other than another co-owner listed in the respective items, may render a judicial decision to the effect that particulars regarding the management of property in co-ownership may be decided by a majority according to the value of the ownership shares of the co-owners other than the relevant other co-owner in question:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないとき。
art-252/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2/item-1
when a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or their whereabouts;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 共有者が他の共有者に対し相当の期間を定めて共有物の管理に関する事項を決することについて賛否を明らかにすべき旨を催告した場合において、当該他の共有者がその期間内に賛否を明らかにしないとき。
art-252/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2/item-2
when a co-owner has given notice to another co-owner requesting them to clarify whether they are in favor of or against the idea of deciding on particulars regarding the management of property in co-ownership within a reasonable period of time, and the other co-owner in question does not clarify whether they are in favor of or against within that period of time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前二項の規定による決定が、共有者間の決定に基づいて共有物を使用する共有者に特別の影響を及ぼすべきときは、その承諾を得なければならない。
art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-3
If the decision under the preceding two paragraphs should have a special effect on any co-owner who uses the property in co-ownership based on a decision among co-owners, their consent must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 共有者は、前三項の規定により、共有物に、次の各号に掲げる賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利（以下この項において「賃借権等」という。）であって、当該各号に定める期間を超えないものを設定することができる。
art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4
Pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, co-owners may establish on the co-owned property the leases or other rights to use or earn profit listed in the following items (referred to as "right of lease, etc." in this paragraph below) that do not exceed the period of time specified in the relevant items:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 樹木の栽植又は伐採を目的とする山林の賃借権等 十年
art-252/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-1
right of lease, etc. of forest for the purpose of planting or felling trees:10 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 前号に掲げる賃借権等以外の土地の賃借権等 五年
art-252/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-2
right of lease, etc. for land other than the leases stated in the preceding item:5 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 建物の賃借権等 三年
art-252/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-3
right of lease, etc. of a building:3 years;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**四** 動産の賃借権等 六箇月
art-252/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-4
right of lease, etc. of movables:6 months.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 各共有者は、前各項の規定にかかわらず、保存行為をすることができる。
art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-5
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, each co-owner may perform acts of preservation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十二条の二（共有物の管理者） — (Manager of Property in Co-ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-252-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2
**第一項** 共有物の管理者は、共有物の管理に関する行為をすることができる。ただし、共有者の全員の同意を得なければ、共有物に変更（その形状又は効用の著しい変更を伴わないものを除く。次項において同じ。）を加えることができない。
art-252-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-1
A manager of the property in co-ownership may perform any act relating to the management of the property in co-ownership; provided, however, that no co-owner may make changes (excluding those that do not involve an extreme change in the shape or function; the same applies in the following paragraph) to the property in co-ownership without the consent of all co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有物の管理者が共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有物の管理者の請求により、当該共有者以外の共有者の同意を得て共有物に変更を加えることができる旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-252-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-2
If a manager of the property in co-ownership is unable to ascertain the identity of a co-owner or their whereabouts, the court, at the request of the manager of the property in co-ownership, may render a judicial decision to the effect that changes may be made to the property in co-ownership with the consent of the co-owners other than the co-owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 共有物の管理者は、共有者が共有物の管理に関する事項を決した場合には、これに従ってその職務を行わなければならない。
art-252-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-3
When the co-owners have decided on particulars regarding the management of the property in co-ownership, a manager of the property in co-ownership must perform the manager's duties in accordance with their decisions.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前項の規定に違反して行った共有物の管理者の行為は、共有者に対してその効力を生じない。ただし、共有者は、これをもって善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
art-252-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-4
Any acts of a manager of the property in co-ownership performed in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph have no effect on the co-owners; provided, however, that this may not be duly asserted by a co-owner against a third party acting in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十三条（共有物に関する負担） — (Obligations to Bear Burdens Regarding Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253
**第一項** 各共有者は、その持分に応じ、管理の費用を支払い、その他共有物に関する負担を負う。
art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253/par-1
Each co-owner pays management expenses and bears other burdens regarding the property in co-ownership, in proportion to each co-owner's interest.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者が一年以内に前項の義務を履行しないときは、他の共有者は、相当の償金を支払ってその者の持分を取得することができる。
art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253/par-2
If a co-owner does not perform the obligations referred to in the preceding paragraph within one year, other co-owners may acquire that co-owner's interest by paying a reasonable compensation.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十四条（共有物についての債権） — (Claims on Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-254 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-254 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-254
**第一項** 共有者の一人が共有物について他の共有者に対して有する債権は、その特定承継人に対しても行使することができる。
art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-254/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-254/par-1
A claim that one of the co-owners holds against other co-owners with respect to the property in co-ownership may be exercised against their specific successors.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十五条（持分の放棄及び共有者の死亡） — (Waiver of Interests and Death of Co-Owners)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-255 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-255 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-255
**第一項** 共有者の一人が、その持分を放棄したとき、又は死亡して相続人がないときは、その持分は、他の共有者に帰属する。
art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-255/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-255/par-1
If one of co-owners waives interest or dies without an heir, the waived interest belongs to the other co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十六条（共有物の分割請求） — (Demands for Partition of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256
**第一項** 各共有者は、いつでも共有物の分割を請求することができる。ただし、五年を超えない期間内は分割をしない旨の契約をすることを妨げない。
art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256/par-1
Each co-owner may demand the partition of property in co-ownership at any time; provided, however, that this does not preclude concluding a contract agreeing not to partition that property for a period not exceeding five years.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項ただし書の契約は、更新することができる。ただし、その期間は、更新の時から五年を超えることができない。
art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256/par-2
The contract under the proviso to the preceding paragraph may be renewed; provided, however, that its period may not exceed five years from the time of the renewal.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十七条
art-257 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-257 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-257
**第一項** 前条の規定は、第二百二十九条に規定する共有物については、適用しない。
art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-257/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-257/par-1
The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply to the property in co-ownership provided for in Article 229.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十八条（裁判による共有物の分割） — (Partition of Property in Co-Ownership by Judicial Decision)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258
**第一項** 共有物の分割について共有者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、その分割を裁判所に請求することができる。
art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-1
If co-owners are unable to reach an agreement on, or unable to discuss, the partition of property in co-ownership, they may request the court to partition the property in co-ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 裁判所は、次に掲げる方法により、共有物の分割を命ずることができる。
art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2
The court may order the partition of property in co-ownership by any of the following methods:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 共有物の現物を分割する方法
art-258/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2/item-1
partitioning the actual property in co-ownership;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 共有者に債務を負担させて、他の共有者の持分の全部又は一部を取得させる方法
art-258/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2/item-2
having a co-owner assume a debt and acquire in exchange all or part of another co-owner's ownership share.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項に規定する方法により共有物を分割することができないとき、又は分割によってその価格を著しく減少させるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、その競売を命ずることができる。
art-258/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-3
If it is not possible to partition the property in co-ownership by a method prescribed in the preceding paragraph, or if the partition of the property in co-ownership is likely to significantly reduce the value of the property, the court may order the sale at auction.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、共有物の分割の裁判において、当事者に対して、金銭の支払、物の引渡し、登記義務の履行その他の給付を命ずることができる。
art-258/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-4
In a judicial decision on the partition of property in co-ownership, the court may order the parties to pay any money, deliver any objects, perform their obligation to register, or perform any other act.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十八条の二
art-258-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2
**第一項** 共有物の全部又はその持分が相続財産に属する場合において、共同相続人間で当該共有物の全部又はその持分について遺産の分割をすべきときは、当該共有物又はその持分について前条の規定による分割をすることができない。
art-258-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-1
If all, or a share of the property in co-ownership belongs to inherited property, the property in co-ownership or the share in question may not be partitioned under the provisions of the preceding Article when the coheirs make a division of inherited property with regard to all of, or a share of, the property in co-ownership.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有物の持分が相続財産に属する場合において、相続開始の時から十年を経過したときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、相続財産に属する共有物の持分について前条の規定による分割をすることができる。ただし、当該共有物の持分について遺産の分割の請求があった場合において、相続人が当該共有物の持分について同条の規定による分割をすることに異議の申出をしたときは、この限りでない。
art-258-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-2
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a share of the property in co-ownership belongs to inherited property, if ten years have passed since the time of commencement of inheritance, the share of property in co-ownership belonging to the inherited property may be partitioned in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is a request for division of inherited property with respect to the share of property in co-ownership, and an heir has filed an objection to the partition of the share of property in co-ownership in accordance with the provisions of the same Article.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 相続人が前項ただし書の申出をする場合には、当該申出は、当該相続人が前条第一項の規定による請求を受けた裁判所から当該請求があった旨の通知を受けた日から二箇月以内に当該裁判所にしなければならない。
art-258-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-3
If an heir files an objection referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph, it must be filed with the court that received the request under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, within two months from the date on which the heir received from that court a notice to the effect that the request had been made.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百五十九条（共有に関する債権の弁済） — (Payment of Claims Regarding Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-259 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259
**第一項** 共有者の一人が他の共有者に対して共有に関する債権を有するときは、分割に際し、債務者に帰属すべき共有物の部分をもって、その弁済に充てることができる。
art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259/par-1
If one of the co-owners holds a claim regarding co-ownership against other co-owners, upon partition, the portion of the property in co-ownership that belongs to the obligor may be appropriated for the payment of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 債権者は、前項の弁済を受けるため債務者に帰属すべき共有物の部分を売却する必要があるときは、その売却を請求することができる。
art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259/par-2
If it is necessary to sell the portion of the property in co-ownership that belongs to the obligor to obtain the payment referred to in the preceding paragraph, the obligee may demand the sale of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十条（共有物の分割への参加） — (Participation in Partition of Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-260 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260
**第一項** 共有物について権利を有する者及び各共有者の債権者は、自己の費用で、分割に参加することができる。
art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260/par-1
A person that holds a right with respect to property in co-ownership and an obligee of any of the co-owners may participate in partitions at their own expense.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定による参加の請求があったにもかかわらず、その請求をした者を参加させないで分割をしたときは、その分割は、その請求をした者に対抗することができない。
art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260/par-2
If, notwithstanding a request for participation under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, partition is effected without allowing the participation of the person that submitted the request, that partition may not be duly asserted against the person that submitted the request.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十一条（分割における共有者の担保責任） — (Co-Owners' Warranties upon Partitions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-261 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-261 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-261
**第一項** 各共有者は、他の共有者が分割によって取得した物について、売主と同じく、その持分に応じて担保の責任を負う。
art-261/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-261/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-261/par-1
Each co-owner provides the same warranty as that of a seller in proportion to each co-owner's interest, with regards to the thing other co-owners have acquired by the partition.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十二条（共有物に関する証書） — (Instruments Regarding Property in Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-262 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262
**第一項** 分割が完了したときは、各分割者は、その取得した物に関する証書を保存しなければならない。
art-262/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-1
When a partition is completed, each of the persons that participated in the partition must retain the instruments regarding things each of them acquired.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 共有者の全員又はそのうちの数人に分割した物に関する証書は、その物の最大の部分を取得した者が保存しなければならない。
art-262/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-2
Instruments regarding a thing that is partitioned for some or all co-owners must be retained by the person that acquired the largest portion of that thing.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 前項の場合において、最大の部分を取得した者がないときは、分割者間の協議で証書の保存者を定める。協議が調わないときは、裁判所が、これを指定する。
art-262/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-3
In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, if no person acquired the largest portion, the person that is to retain the instruments is determined by agreement among the persons that participated in the partition. If no agreement is reached, the court designates the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 証書の保存者は、他の分割者の請求に応じて、その証書を使用させなければならない。
art-262/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-4
A person that is to retain instruments must allow other persons that participated in the partition to use the instruments at the request of the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十二条の二（所在等不明共有者の持分の取得） — (Acquisition of Ownership Share of Co-owner Whose Whereabouts Are Unknown)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-262-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2
**第一項** 不動産が数人の共有に属する場合において、共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有者の請求により、その共有者に、当該他の共有者（以下この条において「所在等不明共有者」という。）の持分を取得させる旨の裁判をすることができる。この場合において、請求をした共有者が二人以上あるときは、請求をした各共有者に、所在等不明共有者の持分を、請求をした各共有者の持分の割合で按分してそれぞれ取得させる。
art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-1
When immovables belong to several co-owners, if a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or to ascertain their whereabouts, the court may, at the request of a co-owner, render a judicial decision to allow the co-owner to acquire the ownership share of the co-owner in question (referred to as "co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown" in this Article below). In this case, if there are two or more co-owners who have made the request, they may acquire the ownership share of the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown in proportion to the ownership shares of property in co-ownership held by each of the co-owners who made the request.
machine translation, not official
**第二項** 前項の請求があった持分に係る不動産について第二百五十八条第一項の規定による請求又は遺産の分割の請求があり、かつ、所在等不明共有者以外の共有者が前項の請求を受けた裁判所に同項の裁判をすることについて異議がある旨の届出をしたときは、裁判所は、同項の裁判をすることができない。
art-262-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-2
If a request under the provisions of Article 258, paragraph (1) or a request for division of inherited property has been made with regard to immovables related to the ownership share for which a request was filed under the preceding paragraph, and if any co-owner other than the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown has notified the court which received the request filed under the preceding paragraph to the effect that the co-owner has an objection to the court's rendering a judicial decision under the same paragraph, the court may not render the judicial decision stated in the same paragraph.
machine translation, not official
**第三項** 所在等不明共有者の持分が相続財産に属する場合（共同相続人間で遺産の分割をすべき場合に限る。）において、相続開始の時から十年を経過していないときは、裁判所は、第一項の裁判をすることができない。
art-262-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-3
If the ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown belongs to inherited property (limited to cases where the inheritance should be divided among coheirs), the court may not render the judicial decision referred to in paragraph (1) if ten years have not yet passed from the time of commencement of the inheritance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第一項の規定により共有者が所在等不明共有者の持分を取得したときは、所在等不明共有者は、当該共有者に対し、当該共有者が取得した持分の時価相当額の支払を請求することができる。
art-262-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-4
If a co-owner has acquired the ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown is entitled to demand payment of the amount equivalent to the market value of the ownership share acquired from the relevant co-owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 前各項の規定は、不動産の使用又は収益をする権利（所有権を除く。）が数人の共有に属する場合について準用する。
art-262-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-5
The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a right to use or earn profits from immovables (excluding the right of ownership) belongs to several co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十二条の三（所在等不明共有者の持分の譲渡） — (Transfer of Ownership Share of Co-owner Whose Whereabouts Are Unknown)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-262-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3
**第一項** 不動産が数人の共有に属する場合において、共有者が他の共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができないときは、裁判所は、共有者の請求により、その共有者に、当該他の共有者（以下この条において「所在等不明共有者」という。）以外の共有者の全員が特定の者に対してその有する持分の全部を譲渡することを停止条件として所在等不明共有者の持分を当該特定の者に譲渡する権限を付与する旨の裁判をすることができる。
art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-1
When immovables belong to several co-owners, if a co-owner is unable to ascertain the identity of another co-owner or to ascertain another co-owner's whereabouts, the court may, at the request of a co-owner, render a judicial decision to the effect that the co-owner is granted the authority to transfer the ownership share of the other co-owner in question (referred to as "co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown" in this Article below) to a specific person on the condition that all of the co-owners other than the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown transfer all of their ownership shares to the specific person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所在等不明共有者の持分が相続財産に属する場合（共同相続人間で遺産の分割をすべき場合に限る。）において、相続開始の時から十年を経過していないときは、裁判所は、前項の裁判をすることができない。
art-262-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-2
If an ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown belongs to inherited property (limited to cases where the inheritance should be divided among joint heirs), the court may not render the judicial decision referred to in the preceding paragraph if ten years have not yet passed from the time of commencement of the inheritance.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 第一項の裁判により付与された権限に基づき共有者が所在等不明共有者の持分を第三者に譲渡したときは、所在等不明共有者は、当該譲渡をした共有者に対し、不動産の時価相当額を所在等不明共有者の持分に応じて按分して得た額の支払を請求することができる。
art-262-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-3
If a co-owner has transferred the ownership share of a co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown to a third party based on the authority granted by the judicial decision stated in paragraph (1), the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown is entitled to demand from the co-owner who made the transfer payment the amount obtained by proportionally dividing the amount equivalent to the market value of the immovables according to the ownership share of the co-owner whose whereabouts are unknown.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 前三項の規定は、不動産の使用又は収益をする権利（所有権を除く。）が数人の共有に属する場合について準用する。
art-262-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-4
The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a right to use or earn profits from immovables (excluding the right of ownership) belongs to several co-owners.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十三条（共有の性質を有する入会権） — (Rights of Common with Nature of Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-263 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-263 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-263
**第一項** 共有の性質を有する入会権については、各地方の慣習に従うほか、この節の規定を適用する。
art-263/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-263/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-263/par-1
Rights of common that have the nature of co-ownership are governed by local customs and are otherwise subject to the application of the provisions of this Section.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条（準共有） — (De Facto Co-Ownership)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264
**第一項** この節（第二百六十二条の二及び第二百六十二条の三を除く。）の規定は、数人で所有権以外の財産権を有する場合について準用する。ただし、法令に特別の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
art-264/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264/par-1
The provisions of this Section (excluding Article 262-2 and Article 262-3) apply mutatis mutandis if two or more persons share property rights other than ownership; provided, however, that this does not apply if otherwise provided by laws and regulations.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 所有者不明土地管理命令及び所有者不明建物管理命令 — Section 4 Administration Order for Unclaimed Land and Administration Order for Unclaimed Buildings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-4
### 第二百六十四条の二（所有者不明土地管理命令） — (Administration Order for Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない土地（土地が数人の共有に属する場合にあっては、共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない土地の共有持分）について、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、その請求に係る土地又は共有持分を対象として、所有者不明土地管理人（第四項に規定する所有者不明土地管理人をいう。以下同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下「所有者不明土地管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-1
With regard to land for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained (or if the land belongs to several co-owners, a co-ownership share for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained), the court, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, may issue a disposition to order administration by an administrator of unclaimed land (meaning the administrator of unclaimed land referred to in paragraph (4); the same applies below) for the land or co-ownership share related to the request (referred to as "administration order for unclaimed land" below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理命令の効力は、当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地（共有持分を対象として所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられた場合にあっては、共有物である土地）にある動産（当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地の所有者又は共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-2
The effect of an administration order for unclaimed land extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the land or the person holding the co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land) located on the land that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land (or if the administration order for unclaimed land is issued for a co-ownership share, the land that is property in co-ownership).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 所有者不明土地管理命令は、所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられた後に当該所有者不明土地管理命令が取り消された場合において、当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地又は共有持分及び当該所有者不明土地管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産の管理、処分その他の事由により所有者不明土地管理人が得た財産について、必要があると認めるときも、することができる。
art-264-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-3
if an administration order for unclaimed land is set aside after the issuance, it may also be issued on the property obtained by the administrator of unclaimed land due to management or disposition of the land or co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land, and movables to which the effect of the administration order for unclaimed land extends, or for other reasons, when it is found to be necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、所有者不明土地管理命令をする場合には、当該所有者不明土地管理命令において、所有者不明土地管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-4
When issuing an administration order for unclaimed land, the court must appoint an administrator of unclaimed land in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の三（所有者不明土地管理人の権限） — (Authority of Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3
**第一項** 前条第四項の規定により所有者不明土地管理人が選任された場合には、所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた土地又は共有持分及び所有者不明土地管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産並びにその管理、処分その他の事由により所有者不明土地管理人が得た財産（以下「所有者不明土地等」という。）の管理及び処分をする権利は、所有者不明土地管理人に専属する。
art-264-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-1
If an administrator of unclaimed land is appointed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the right to manage and dispose of the land or co-ownership that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land, and movables to which the effect of the administration order for unclaimed land extends, as well as the property obtained by the administrator of unclaimed land due to its management or disposition or other reasons (referred to as "unclaimed land, etc." below), is exclusive to the administrator of unclaimed land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理人が次に掲げる行為の範囲を超える行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、この許可がないことをもって善意の第三者に対抗することはできない。
art-264-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-2
An administrator of unclaimed land must obtain permission of the court in order to conduct any act beyond the scope of the following acts; provided, however, that the absence of permission may not be duly asserted against a third party acting in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 保存行為
art-264-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-2/item-1
acts of preservation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 所有者不明土地等の性質を変えない範囲内において、その利用又は改良を目的とする行為
art-264-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3/par-2/item-2
acts for the purpose of use or improvement of land with an unclear record of ownership, etc. to the extent that the nature of the land is not changed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の四（所有者不明土地等に関する訴えの取扱い） — (Handling of Actions Concerning Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-4
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられた場合には、所有者不明土地等に関する訴えについては、所有者不明土地管理人を原告又は被告とする。
art-264-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-4/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-4/par-1
If an administration order for unclaimed land has been issued, the administrator of unclaimed land is to stand as a plaintiff or defendant in an action concerning the unclaimed land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の五（所有者不明土地管理人の義務） — (Duties of an Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理人は、所有者不明土地等の所有者（その共有持分を有する者を含む。）のために、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5/par-1
An administrator of unclaimed land must exercise the authority for the owner of unclaimed land, etc. (including those holding a co-ownership share therein) with the care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 数人の者の共有持分を対象として所有者不明土地管理命令が発せられたときは、所有者不明土地管理人は、当該所有者不明土地管理命令の対象とされた共有持分を有する者全員のために、誠実かつ公平にその権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5/par-2
If an administration order for unclaimed land is issued for the co-ownership shares of several persons, an administrator of unclaimed land must exercise the authority in good faith and impartially for the benefit of all persons holding the co-ownership shares that are the subject of the administration order for unclaimed land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の六（所有者不明土地管理人の解任及び辞任） — (Dismissal and Resignation of an Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理人がその任務に違反して所有者不明土地等に著しい損害を与えたことその他重要な事由があるときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、所有者不明土地管理人を解任することができる。
art-264-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6/par-1
If an administrator of unclaimed land has caused extreme damage to unclaimed land, etc., in violation of the administrator's duties, or if there are other significant reasons, a court may dismiss the administrator of unclaimed land upon the request of an interested person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理人は、正当な事由があるときは、裁判所の許可を得て、辞任することができる。
art-264-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6/par-2
An administrator of unclaimed land may resign with the permission of the court when there are justifiable grounds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の七（所有者不明土地管理人の報酬等） — (Remuneration of an Administrator of Unclaimed Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7
**第一項** 所有者不明土地管理人は、所有者不明土地等から裁判所が定める額の費用の前払及び報酬を受けることができる。
art-264-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7/par-1
An administrator of unclaimed land may receive advance payment of expenses, and remuneration in an amount determined by the court from the unclaimed land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明土地管理人による所有者不明土地等の管理に必要な費用及び報酬は、所有者不明土地等の所有者（その共有持分を有する者を含む。）の負担とする。
art-264-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7/par-2
The expenses and remuneration necessary for the management of unclaimed land, etc. by an administrator of unclaimed land are to be borne by the owner of the unclaimed land, etc. (including those who have co-ownership shares therein).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の八（所有者不明建物管理命令） — (Administration Order for Unclaimed Buildings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない建物（建物が数人の共有に属する場合にあっては、共有者を知ることができず、又はその所在を知ることができない建物の共有持分）について、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、その請求に係る建物又は共有持分を対象として、所有者不明建物管理人（第四項に規定する所有者不明建物管理人をいう。以下この条において同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下この条において「所有者不明建物管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-1
With regard to a building for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained (or if the building belongs to several co-owners, a co-ownership share in a building for which the identity of the owner cannot be ascertained or for which the owner's whereabouts cannot be ascertained), the court, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, may issue a disposition to order administration by an administrator for unclaimed building (meaning the administrator of unclaimed building referred to in paragraph (4); the same applies in this Article below) for the building or co-ownership share related to the request (referred to as "administration order for unclaimed buildings" in this Article below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 所有者不明建物管理命令の効力は、当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物（共有持分を対象として所有者不明建物管理命令が発せられた場合にあっては、共有物である建物）にある動産（当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又は共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）及び当該建物を所有し、又は当該建物の共有持分を有するための建物の敷地に関する権利（賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利（所有権を除く。）であって、当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又は共有持分を有する者が有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-2
The effect of an administration order for unclaimed buildings extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the building or the person holding the co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed buildings ) located in the building (or if the administration order for unclaimed buildings is issued for a co-ownership share, the building that is property in co-ownership) that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed building, as well as any rights to the building site for the purpose of owning the building or co-ownership shares therein (limited to right of lease or other rights to use and earn profit (excluding ownership rights) held by the owner of the building or the person holding a co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed buildings).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 所有者不明建物管理命令は、所有者不明建物管理命令が発せられた後に当該所有者不明建物管理命令が取り消された場合において、当該所有者不明建物管理命令の対象とされた建物又は共有持分並びに当該所有者不明建物管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産及び建物の敷地に関する権利の管理、処分その他の事由により所有者不明建物管理人が得た財産について、必要があると認めるときも、することができる。
art-264-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-3
an administration order for unclaimed buildings, if it is set aside after the issuance that order, may also be issued on the property obtained by the administrator of unclaimed building due to its management or disposition of the building or co-ownership share that is the subject of the administration order for unclaimed buildings as well as movables and rights on a building site to which the effect of the administration order for unclaimed buildings extends, or other reasons, when it is found to be necessary.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 裁判所は、所有者不明建物管理命令をする場合には、当該所有者不明建物管理命令において、所有者不明建物管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-4
When issuing an administration order for unclaimed buildings, the court must appoint an administrator of unclaimed building in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第五項** 第二百六十四条の三から前条までの規定は、所有者不明建物管理命令及び所有者不明建物管理人について準用する。
art-264-8/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-5
The provisions of Article 264-3 through the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an administration order for unclaimed buildings and an administrator of unclaimed buildings.
Ministry of Justice translation with a slip corrected by this site — not the Ministry's text; the Ministry printed: "an administration order for unclaimed buildings and an administrator of unclaimed buildings." — https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb
## 第五節 管理不全土地管理命令及び管理不全建物管理命令 — Section 5 Administration Order for Mismanaged Land and Administration Order for Mismanaged Buildings
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-3/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-3/sec-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-3/sec-5
### 第二百六十四条の九（管理不全土地管理命令） — (Administration Order for Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-9 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者による土地の管理が不適当であることによって他人の権利又は法律上保護される利益が侵害され、又は侵害されるおそれがある場合において、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、当該土地を対象として、管理不全土地管理人（第三項に規定する管理不全土地管理人をいう。以下同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下「管理不全土地管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-1
If rights or legally protected interests of another person are infringed upon or are likely to be infringed upon due to inappropriate management of land by its owner, the court, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, may make a disposition to order administration by an administrator of mismanaged land (meaning the administrator of mismanaged land referred to in paragraph (3); the same applies below) for the land (referred to as "administration order for mismanaged land" below)
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理命令の効力は、当該管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地にある動産（当該管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地の所有者又はその共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-2
administration order for mismanaged land extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the land that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged land or the person holding a co-ownership share) located on the land that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged land.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、管理不全土地管理命令をする場合には、当該管理不全土地管理命令において、管理不全土地管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-3
When issuing an administration order for mismanaged land, the court must appoint an administrator of mismanaged land in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十（管理不全土地管理人の権限） — (Authority of Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-10 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人は、管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地及び管理不全土地管理命令の効力が及ぶ動産並びにその管理、処分その他の事由により管理不全土地管理人が得た財産（以下「管理不全土地等」という。）の管理及び処分をする権限を有する。
art-264-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-1
An administrator of mismanaged land has the authority to manage and dispose of the land that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged land, and movables to which the effect of the administration order for mismanaged land extends, as well as the property obtained by the administrator of mismanaged land due to management or disposition, or other reasons (referred to as "mismanaged land, etc." below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理人が次に掲げる行為の範囲を超える行為をするには、裁判所の許可を得なければならない。ただし、この許可がないことをもって善意でかつ過失がない第三者に対抗することはできない。
art-264-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2
An administrator of mismanaged land must obtain the permission of the court in order to conduct any act beyond the scope of the following acts; provided, however, that the absence of permission may not be duly asserted against a third party acting in good faith and without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 保存行為
art-264-10/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2/item-1
acts of preservation;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 管理不全土地等の性質を変えない範囲内において、その利用又は改良を目的とする行為
art-264-10/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2/item-2
acts for the purpose of use or improvement of mismanaged land, etc. to the extent that the nature of the land is not changed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 管理不全土地管理命令の対象とされた土地の処分についての前項の許可をするには、その所有者の同意がなければならない。
art-264-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-3
To grant the permission referred to in the preceding paragraph for the disposal of land that is the subject of an administration order for mismanaged land, the consent of the owner must be obtained.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十一（管理不全土地管理人の義務） — (Duties of an Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-11 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人は、管理不全土地等の所有者のために、善良な管理者の注意をもって、その権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11/par-1
An administrator of mismanaged land must exercise the authority for the owner of the mismanaged land, etc., with the care of a prudent manager.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地等が数人の共有に属する場合には、管理不全土地管理人は、その共有持分を有する者全員のために、誠実かつ公平にその権限を行使しなければならない。
art-264-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11/par-2
If mismanaged land, etc. belongs to several co-owners, an administrator of mismanaged land must exercise the authority faithfully and impartially for the benefit of all of the persons holding co-ownership shares.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十二（管理不全土地管理人の解任及び辞任） — (Dismissal and Resignation of an Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-12 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人がその任務に違反して管理不全土地等に著しい損害を与えたことその他重要な事由があるときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、管理不全土地管理人を解任することができる。
art-264-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12/par-1
If an administrator of mismanaged land has caused extreme damage to mismanaged land, etc. in violation of the administrator's duties, or if there are other important reasons, the court may dismiss the administrator of mismanaged land, upon the request of an interested person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理人は、正当な事由があるときは、裁判所の許可を得て、辞任することができる。
art-264-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12/par-2
An administrator of mismanaged land may resign with the permission of the court when there are justifiable grounds.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十三（管理不全土地管理人の報酬等） — (Remuneration of an Administrator of Mismanaged Land)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-13 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13
**第一項** 管理不全土地管理人は、管理不全土地等から裁判所が定める額の費用の前払及び報酬を受けることができる。
art-264-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13/par-1
An administrator of mismanaged land may receive advance payment of expenses, and remuneration, in an amount determined by the court from the mismanaged land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全土地管理人による管理不全土地等の管理に必要な費用及び報酬は、管理不全土地等の所有者の負担とする。
art-264-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13/par-2
mismanaged land, etc. by an administrator of mismanaged land are to be borne by the owner of the mismanaged land, etc.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百六十四条の十四（管理不全建物管理命令） — (Administration Order for Mismanaged Buildings)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-264-14 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14
**第一項** 裁判所は、所有者による建物の管理が不適当であることによって他人の権利又は法律上保護される利益が侵害され、又は侵害されるおそれがある場合において、必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人の請求により、当該建物を対象として、管理不全建物管理人（第三項に規定する管理不全建物管理人をいう。第四項において同じ。）による管理を命ずる処分（以下この条において「管理不全建物管理命令」という。）をすることができる。
art-264-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-1
If rights or legally protected interests of another person are infringed upon or are likely to be infringed upon due to inappropriate management of a building by its owner, finding it necessary, upon the request of an interested person, the court may make a disposition to order administration by an administrator of mismanaged building (meaning the administrator of mismanaged building referred to in paragraph (3); the same applies in paragraph (4)) for the building (referred to as "administration order for mismanaged buildings" in this Article below).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 管理不全建物管理命令は、当該管理不全建物管理命令の対象とされた建物にある動産（当該管理不全建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又はその共有持分を有する者が所有するものに限る。）及び当該建物を所有するための建物の敷地に関する権利（賃借権その他の使用及び収益を目的とする権利（所有権を除く。）であって、当該管理不全建物管理命令の対象とされた建物の所有者又はその共有持分を有する者が有するものに限る。）に及ぶ。
art-264-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-2
The effect of an administration order for mismanaged buildings extends to movables (limited to those owned by the owner of the building that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged buildings or the person holding a co-ownership share therein) located in the building that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged building, as well as any rights to the building site in order to own the building (limited to right of lease or other rights for the purpose of use and profit (excluding ownership rights) held by the owner of the building or the person holding a co-ownership share in the building that is the subject of the administration order for mismanaged buildings).
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 裁判所は、管理不全建物管理命令をする場合には、当該管理不全建物管理命令において、管理不全建物管理人を選任しなければならない。
art-264-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-3
When issuing an administration order for mismanaged buildings, the court must appoint an administrator of mismanaged building in the order itself.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第四項** 第二百六十四条の十から前条までの規定は、管理不全建物管理命令及び管理不全建物管理人について準用する。
art-264-14/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-4
All provisions from Article 264-10 to the preceding article apply mutatis mutandis to an administration order for mismanaged buildings and an administrator of mismanaged building.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
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## Cites
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- art-221/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百二十一条第一項 (Article 221, paragraph (1)), art-221/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221/par-1
- art-222/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百二十二条第一項 (Article 222, paragraph (1)), art-222/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-1
- art-222/par-3: 前条第二項 → 民法 第二百二十一条第二項 (Article 221, paragraph (2)), art-221/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-221/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-221/par-2
- art-222/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第二百二十二条第二項 (Article 222, paragraph (2)), art-222/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-222/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-222/par-2
- art-225/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百二十五条第一項 (Article 225, paragraph (1)), art-225/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225/par-1
- art-226/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第二百二十五条 (Article 225), art-225 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225
- art-227/par-1: 第二百二十五条第二項 → 民法 第二百二十五条第二項 (Article 225, paragraph (2)), art-225/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225/par-2
- art-228/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第二百二十五条 (Article 225), art-225 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-225 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-225
- art-228/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第二百二十六条 (Article 226), art-226 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-226 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-226
- art-228/par-1: 前三条 → 民法 第二百二十七条 (Article 227), art-227 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-227 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-227
- art-230/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第二百二十九条 (Article 229), art-229 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-229
- art-230/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百三十条第一項 (Article 230, paragraph (1)), art-230/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-230/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-230/par-1
- art-231/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百三十一条第一項 (Article 231, paragraph (1)), art-231/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231/par-1
- art-232/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第二百三十一条 (Article 231), art-231 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-231 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-231
- art-233/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百三十三条第一項 (Article 233, paragraph (1)), art-233/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-1
- art-233/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第二百三十三条第一項 (Article 233, paragraph (1)), art-233/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-233/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-233/par-1
- art-234/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百三十四条第一項 (Article 234, paragraph (1)), art-234/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234/par-1
- art-235/par-1: 次項 → 民法 第二百三十五条第二項 (Article 235, paragraph (2)), art-235/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235/par-2
- art-235/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百三十五条第一項 (Article 235, paragraph (1)), art-235/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235/par-1
- art-236/par-1: 前二条 → 民法 第二百三十四条 (Article 234), art-234 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-234 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-234
- art-236/par-1: 前二条 → 民法 第二百三十五条 (Article 235), art-235 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-235 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-235
- art-238/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第二百三十七条 (Article 237), art-237 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-237 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-237
- art-245/par-1: 前二条 → 民法 第二百四十三条 (Article 243), art-243 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243
- art-245/par-1: 前二条 → 民法 第二百四十四条 (Article 244), art-244 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244
- art-246/par-1: この条 → 民法 第二百四十六条 (Article 246), art-246 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246
- art-246/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百四十六条第一項 (Article 246, paragraph (1)), art-246/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246/par-1
- art-247/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十二条 (Article 242), art-242 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-242
- art-247/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十三条 (Article 243), art-243 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243
- art-247/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十四条 (Article 244), art-244 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244
- art-247/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十五条 (Article 245), art-245 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245
- art-247/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十六条 (Article 246), art-246 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246
- art-247/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百四十七条第一項 (Article 247, paragraph (1)), art-247/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247/par-1
- art-247/par-2: この項 → 民法 第二百四十七条第二項 (Article 247, paragraph (2)), art-247/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247/par-2
- art-248/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十二条 (Article 242), art-242 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-242 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-242
- art-248/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十三条 (Article 243), art-243 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-243 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-243
- art-248/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十四条 (Article 244), art-244 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-244 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-244
- art-248/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十五条 (Article 245), art-245 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-245 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-245
- art-248/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十六条 (Article 246), art-246 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-246 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-246
- art-248/par-1: 第二百四十二条から前条まで → 民法 第二百四十七条 (Article 247), art-247 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-247 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-247
- art-248/par-1: 第七百三条 → 民法 第七百三条 (Article 703), art-703 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-703 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-703
- art-248/par-1: 第七百四条 → 民法 第七百四条 (Article 704), art-704 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-704 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-704
- art-251/par-1: 次項 → 民法 第二百五十一条第二項 (Article 251, paragraph (2)), art-251/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251/par-2
- art-252/par-1: 次条第一項 → 民法 第二百五十二条の二第一項 (Article 252-2, paragraph (1)), art-252-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-1
- art-252/par-1: 前条第一項 → 民法 第二百五十一条第一項 (Article 251, paragraph (1)), art-251/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-251/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-251/par-1
- art-252/par-1: 次項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第二項 (Article 252, paragraph (2)), art-252/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2
- art-252/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第一項 (Article 252, paragraph (1)), art-252/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-1
- art-252/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第二項 (Article 252, paragraph (2)), art-252/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2
- art-252/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第一項 (Article 252, paragraph (1)), art-252/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-1
- art-252/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第二項 (Article 252, paragraph (2)), art-252/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2
- art-252/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第三項 (Article 252, paragraph (3)), art-252/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-3
- art-252/par-4: この項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第四項 (Article 252, paragraph (4)), art-252/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4
- art-252/par-4/item-2: 前号 → 民法 第二百五十二条第四項第一号 (Article 252, paragraph (4), item (i)), art-252/par-4/item-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4/item-1
- art-252/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第一項 (Article 252, paragraph (1)), art-252/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-1
- art-252/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第二項 (Article 252, paragraph (2)), art-252/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-2
- art-252/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第三項 (Article 252, paragraph (3)), art-252/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-3
- art-252/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百五十二条第四項 (Article 252, paragraph (4)), art-252/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252/par-4
- art-252-2/par-1: 次項 → 民法 第二百五十二条の二第二項 (Article 252-2, paragraph (2)), art-252-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-2
- art-252-2/par-4: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十二条の二第三項 (Article 252-2, paragraph (3)), art-252-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-252-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-252-2/par-3
- art-253/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十三条第一項 (Article 253, paragraph (1)), art-253/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-253/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-253/par-1
- art-256/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十六条第一項 (Article 256, paragraph (1)), art-256/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256/par-1
- art-257/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第二百五十六条 (Article 256), art-256 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-256 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-256
- art-257/par-1: 第二百二十九条 → 民法 第二百二十九条 (Article 229), art-229 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-229 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-229
- art-258/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十八条第二項 (Article 258, paragraph (2)), art-258/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-2
- art-258-2/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第二百五十八条 (Article 258), art-258 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258
- art-258-2/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十八条の二第一項 (Article 258-2, paragraph (1)), art-258-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-1
- art-258-2/par-2: 前条 → 民法 第二百五十八条 (Article 258), art-258 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258
- art-258-2/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十八条の二第二項 (Article 258-2, paragraph (2)), art-258-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258-2/par-2
- art-258-2/par-3: 前条第一項 → 民法 第二百五十八条第一項 (Article 258, paragraph (1)), art-258/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-1
- art-259/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百五十九条第一項 (Article 259, paragraph (1)), art-259/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-259/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-259/par-1
- art-260/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百六十条第一項 (Article 260, paragraph (1)), art-260/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-260/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-260/par-1
- art-262/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第二百六十二条第二項 (Article 262, paragraph (2)), art-262/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262/par-2
- art-262-2/par-1: この条 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二 (Article 262-2), art-262-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2
- art-262-2/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第一項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (1)), art-262-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-1
- art-262-2/par-2: 第二百五十八条第一項 → 民法 第二百五十八条第一項 (Article 258, paragraph (1)), art-258/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-258/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-258/par-1
- art-262-2/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第一項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (1)), art-262-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-1
- art-262-2/par-4: 第一項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第一項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (1)), art-262-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-1
- art-262-2/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第一項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (1)), art-262-2/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-1
- art-262-2/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第二項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (2)), art-262-2/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-2
- art-262-2/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第三項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (3)), art-262-2/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-3
- art-262-2/par-5: 前各項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二第四項 (Article 262-2, paragraph (4)), art-262-2/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2/par-4
- art-262-3/par-1: この条 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三 (Article 262-3), art-262-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3
- art-262-3/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三第一項 (Article 262-3, paragraph (1)), art-262-3/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-1
- art-262-3/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三第一項 (Article 262-3, paragraph (1)), art-262-3/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-1
- art-262-3/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三第一項 (Article 262-3, paragraph (1)), art-262-3/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-1
- art-262-3/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三第二項 (Article 262-3, paragraph (2)), art-262-3/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-2
- art-262-3/par-4: 前三項 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三第三項 (Article 262-3, paragraph (3)), art-262-3/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3/par-3
- art-264/par-1: 第二百六十二条の二 → 民法 第二百六十二条の二 (Article 262-2), art-262-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-2
- art-264/par-1: 第二百六十二条の三 → 民法 第二百六十二条の三 (Article 262-3), art-262-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-262-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-262-3
- art-264-2/par-1: 第四項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の二第四項 (Article 264-2, paragraph (4)), art-264-2/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-4
- art-264-3/par-1: 前条第四項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の二第四項 (Article 264-2, paragraph (4)), art-264-2/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-2/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-2/par-4
- art-264-8/par-1: 第四項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の八第四項 (Article 264-8, paragraph (4)), art-264-8/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8/par-4
- art-264-8/par-1: この条 → 民法 第二百六十四条の八 (Article 264-8), art-264-8 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-8
- art-264-8/par-5: 第二百六十四条の三から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の三 (Article 264-3), art-264-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-3
- art-264-8/par-5: 第二百六十四条の三から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の四 (Article 264-4), art-264-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-4
- art-264-8/par-5: 第二百六十四条の三から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の五 (Article 264-5), art-264-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-5
- art-264-8/par-5: 第二百六十四条の三から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の六 (Article 264-6), art-264-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-6
- art-264-8/par-5: 第二百六十四条の三から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の七 (Article 264-7), art-264-7 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-7
- art-264-9/par-1: 第三項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の九第三項 (Article 264-9, paragraph (3)), art-264-9/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-9/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-9/par-3
- art-264-10/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の十第二項 (Article 264-10, paragraph (2)), art-264-10/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10/par-2
- art-264-14/par-1: 第三項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の十四第三項 (Article 264-14, paragraph (3)), art-264-14/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-3
- art-264-14/par-1: 第四項 → 民法 第二百六十四条の十四第四項 (Article 264-14, paragraph (4)), art-264-14/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14/par-4
- art-264-14/par-1: この条 → 民法 第二百六十四条の十四 (Article 264-14), art-264-14 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-14 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-14
- art-264-14/par-4: 第二百六十四条の十から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の十 (Article 264-10), art-264-10 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-10 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-10
- art-264-14/par-4: 第二百六十四条の十から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の十一 (Article 264-11), art-264-11 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-11 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-11
- art-264-14/par-4: 第二百六十四条の十から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の十二 (Article 264-12), art-264-12 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-12 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-12
- art-264-14/par-4: 第二百六十四条の十から前条まで → 民法 第二百六十四条の十三 (Article 264-13), art-264-13 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-264-13 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-264-13
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## Sources
- claude-opus-5-5 — Corrections to the Ministry of Justice's English of paragraphs, written 2026-10-12
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code (民法), Article 264-8, paragraph (5) — the Ministry of Justice's English as printed (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-001, translated 2026-10-12
- This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11