# 民法 / Civil Code — 第二章 (Part 2, Chapter 2)
- Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号
- English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第二章 (Part 2, Chapter 2) — address `pt-2/ch-2`
- Text in force since: 2026-06-24
- URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2
- Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2
- Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.
Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
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## 第二章 占有権 — Chapter II Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2
## 第一節 占有権の取得 — Section 1 Acquisition of Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-1
### 第百八十条（占有権の取得） — (Acquisition of Possessory Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-180 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-180 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-180
**第一項** 占有権は、自己のためにする意思をもって物を所持することによって取得する。
art-180/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-180/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-180/par-1
Possessory rights are acquired by possessing a thing with the intention to do so on one's own behalf.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十一条（代理占有） — (Possession through Agents)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-181 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-181 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-181
**第一項** 占有権は、代理人によって取得することができる。
art-181/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-181/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-181/par-1
Possessory rights may be acquired through an agent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十二条（現実の引渡し及び簡易の引渡し） — (Actual Delivery and Summary Delivery)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-182 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-182 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-182
**第一項** 占有権の譲渡は、占有物の引渡しによってする。
art-182/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-182/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-182/par-1
The transfer of possessory rights is effected by the delivery of the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 譲受人又はその代理人が現に占有物を所持する場合には、占有権の譲渡は、当事者の意思表示のみによってすることができる。
art-182/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-182/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-182/par-2
If a transferee or the agent of a transferee is actually holding the thing possessed, the transfer of possessory rights may be effected by the parties' manifestations of intention alone.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十三条（占有改定） — (Constructive Transfer with Retention of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-183 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-183 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-183
**第一項** 代理人が自己の占有物を以後本人のために占有する意思を表示したときは、本人は、これによって占有権を取得する。
art-183/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-183/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-183/par-1
If an agent manifests the intention to thenceforward possess a thing possessed by the agent on behalf of the principal, the principal thereby acquires the possessory rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十四条（指図による占有移転） — (Transfer of Possession by Instruction)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-184 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-184 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-184
**第一項** 代理人によって占有をする場合において、本人がその代理人に対して以後第三者のためにその物を占有することを命じ、その第三者がこれを承諾したときは、その第三者は、占有権を取得する。
art-184/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-184/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-184/par-1
If a thing is possessed through an agent, the principal orders that agent to thenceforward possess that thing on behalf of a third party, and that third party consents thereto, the third party acquires the possessory rights.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十五条（占有の性質の変更） — (Change in Nature of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-185 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-185 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-185
**第一項** 権原の性質上占有者に所有の意思がないものとされる場合には、その占有者が、自己に占有をさせた者に対して所有の意思があることを表示し、又は新たな権原により更に所有の意思をもって占有を始めるのでなければ、占有の性質は、変わらない。
art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-185/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-185/par-1
If it is assumed, due to the nature of the title, that a possessor does not have the intention to own, the nature of the possessor's possession does not change unless that possessor manifests the intention to own to the person that put the thing under that person's possession, or commences possession under a new title with an intention to own from that time.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十六条（占有の態様等に関する推定） — (Presumption Regarding Nature of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-186 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-186 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-186
**第一項** 占有者は、所有の意思をもって、善意で、平穏に、かつ、公然と占有をするものと推定する。
art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-186/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-186/par-1
A possessor is presumed to possess a thing with the intention to own, in good faith peacefully and openly.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前後の両時点において占有をした証拠があるときは、占有は、その間継続したものと推定する。
art-186/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-186/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-186/par-2
If there is evidence of possession at two different points in time, it is presumed that possession continued during that interval.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十七条（占有の承継） — (Succession to Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-187 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-187 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-187
**第一項** 占有者の承継人は、その選択に従い、自己の占有のみを主張し、又は自己の占有に前の占有者の占有を併せて主張することができる。
art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-187/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-187/par-1
A successor to a possessor may, as the successor chooses, assert either the successor's own possession only, or the successor's own possession together with that of the predecessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前の占有者の占有を併せて主張する場合には、その瑕疵をも承継する。
art-187/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-187/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-187/par-2
If a person asserts the possession of the predecessor together with the person's own, that person also succeeds to defects in those.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第二節 占有権の効力 — Section 2 Effect of Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-2
### 第百八十八条（占有物について行使する権利の適法の推定） — (Presumption of Lawfulness of Rights Exercised with Respect to a Thing Possessed)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-188 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-188 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-188
**第一項** 占有者が占有物について行使する権利は、適法に有するものと推定する。
art-188/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-188/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-188/par-1
The possessor is presumed to lawfully have the rights that a possessor exercises with respect to the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百八十九条（善意の占有者による果実の取得等） — (Acquisition of Fruits by Possessor in Good Faith)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-189 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-189 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-189
**第一項** 善意の占有者は、占有物から生ずる果実を取得する。
art-189/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-189/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-189/par-1
A possessor in good faith acquires fruits derived from the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 善意の占有者が本権の訴えにおいて敗訴したときは、その訴えの提起の時から悪意の占有者とみなす。
art-189/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-189/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-189/par-2
If a possessor in good faith is defeated in an action on the title that legally supports the possession, that possessor is deemed to be a possessor in bad faith as from the time when the action is filed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十条（悪意の占有者による果実の返還等） — (Return of Fruits by Possessors in Bad Faith)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190
**第一項** 悪意の占有者は、果実を返還し、かつ、既に消費し、過失によって損傷し、又は収取を怠った果実の代価を償還する義務を負う。
art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-1
A possessor in bad faith has the obligation to return fruits, and reimburse the price of fruits that the possessor has already consumed, damaged due to negligence, or failed to collect.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 前項の規定は、暴行若しくは強迫又は隠匿によって占有をしている者について準用する。
art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-2
The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a person who takes possession of a thing through assault or duress or through concealment.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十一条（占有者による損害賠償） — (Damages by Possessors)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-191 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-191
**第一項** 占有物が占有者の責めに帰すべき事由によって滅失し、又は損傷したときは、その回復者に対し、悪意の占有者はその損害の全部の賠償をする義務を負い、善意の占有者はその滅失又は損傷によって現に利益を受けている限度において賠償をする義務を負う。ただし、所有の意思のない占有者は、善意であるときであっても、全部の賠償をしなければならない。
art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-191/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-191/par-1
If a thing under one's possession has been lost or damaged due to grounds attributable to the possessor, a possessor in bad faith is liable to compensate the person recovering the thing for the entire damage, and a possessor in good faith is liable to compensate that person for the damage to the extent currently enriched as a result of that damage; provided, however, that a possessor that is without the intention to own the thing must compensate the person for the entire damage, even if the possessor has acted in good faith.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十二条（即時取得） — (Good Faith Acquisition)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-192
**第一項** 取引行為によって、平穏に、かつ、公然と動産の占有を始めた者は、善意であり、かつ、過失がないときは、即時にその動産について行使する権利を取得する。
art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-192/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-192/par-1
A person that commences the possession of movables peacefully and openly by a transactional act acquires the rights that are exercised with respect to the movables immediately if the person possesses it in good faith and without negligence.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十三条（盗品又は遺失物の回復） — (Recovery of Stolen or Lost Property)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-193 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-193
**第一項** 前条の場合において、占有物が盗品又は遺失物であるときは、被害者又は遺失者は、盗難又は遺失の時から二年間、占有者に対してその物の回復を請求することができる。
art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-193/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-193/par-1
In the cases provided for in the preceding Article, if the thing under one's possession constitutes stolen or lost property, the victim or the person that lost the thing may demand the return of that thing from the possessor within two years from the time of the loss or theft.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十四条
art-194 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-194 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-194
**第一項** 占有者が、盗品又は遺失物を、競売若しくは公の市場において、又はその物と同種の物を販売する商人から、善意で買い受けたときは、被害者又は遺失者は、占有者が支払った代価を弁償しなければ、その物を回復することができない。
art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-194/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-194/par-1
If a possessor has purchased stolen or lost property in good faith at an auction, in a public market, or from a merchant that sells similar things, the victim or the person that lost the thing may not recover the thing without reimbursing the possessor for the price paid.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十五条（動物の占有による権利の取得） — (Acquisition of Rights through Possession of Animals)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-195 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-195
**第一項** 家畜以外の動物で他人が飼育していたものを占有する者は、その占有の開始の時に善意であり、かつ、その動物が飼主の占有を離れた時から一箇月以内に飼主から回復の請求を受けなかったときは、その動物について行使する権利を取得する。
art-195/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-195/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-195/par-1
A person possessing a non-domestic animal bred by another person acquires the rights to exercise with respect to that animal if the person possessing it was acting in good faith at the beginning of the possession and the owner of the animal does not demand its return from that person within one month from the time when that animal left the possession of its owner.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十六条（占有者による費用の償還請求） — (Possessors' Claims for Reimbursement of Expenses)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-196 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196
**第一項** 占有者が占有物を返還する場合には、その物の保存のために支出した金額その他の必要費を回復者から償還させることができる。ただし、占有者が果実を取得したときは、通常の必要費は、占有者の負担に帰する。
art-196/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-196/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196/par-1
If a possessor returns a thing possessed by them, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for the costs the possessor has paid for its preservation and other necessary expenses; provided, however, that if the possessor has acquired fruits, ordinary and necessary expenses are borne by the possessor.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有者が占有物の改良のために支出した金額その他の有益費については、その価格の増加が現存する場合に限り、回復者の選択に従い、その支出した金額又は増価額を償還させることができる。ただし、悪意の占有者に対しては、裁判所は、回復者の請求により、その償還について相当の期限を許与することができる。
art-196/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-196/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-196/par-2
With respect to the costs paid for by a possessor to improve the thing under their possession and other beneficial expenses, the possessor may have the person recovering the thing reimburse the possessor for either the costs the possessor has paid or the amount of the increased value, whichever the person recovering the thing chooses, but only if there is a current increase in value; provided, however, that with regard to a possessor in bad faith, the court may, at the request of the person recovering the thing, grant a reasonable period of time for the same.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十七条（占有の訴え） — (Possessory Actions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-197 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-197
**第一項** 占有者は、次条から第二百二条までの規定に従い、占有の訴えを提起することができる。他人のために占有をする者も、同様とする。
art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-197/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-197/par-1
A possessor may file a possessory action in accordance with the provisions of the following Article through Article 202. The same applies to a person that takes possession on behalf of another person.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十八条（占有保持の訴え） — (Actions for Maintenance of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-198
**第一項** 占有者がその占有を妨害されたときは、占有保持の訴えにより、その妨害の停止及び損害の賠償を請求することができる。
art-198/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-198/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-198/par-1
If a possessor is obstructed from possession, the possessor may claim for the discontinuation of the obstruction and compensation by filing an action for maintenance of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第百九十九条（占有保全の訴え） — (Actions for Preservation of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-199
**第一項** 占有者がその占有を妨害されるおそれがあるときは、占有保全の訴えにより、その妨害の予防又は損害賠償の担保を請求することができる。
art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-199/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-199/par-1
If a possessor is likely to be obstructed from possession, the possessor may demand either the prevention of the obstruction or for the submission of security for the damages by filing an action for preservation of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百条（占有回収の訴え） — (Actions for Recovery of Possession)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200
**第一項** 占有者がその占有を奪われたときは、占有回収の訴えにより、その物の返還及び損害の賠償を請求することができる。
art-200/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200/par-1
If a possessor is forcibly dispossessed, the possessor may demand the restitution of the thing and claim compensation by filing an action for recovery of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有回収の訴えは、占有を侵奪した者の特定承継人に対して提起することができない。ただし、その承継人が侵奪の事実を知っていたときは、この限りでない。
art-200/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200/par-2
An action for recovery of possession may not be filed against a specific successor of a person that forcibly takes possession; provided, however, that this does not apply if that successor had knowledge of the fact that the person has unlawfully taken the possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百一条（占有の訴えの提起期間） — (Periods of Time for Filing Possessory Actions)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201
**第一項** 占有保持の訴えは、妨害の存する間又はその消滅した後一年以内に提起しなければならない。ただし、工事により占有物に損害を生じた場合において、その工事に着手した時から一年を経過し、又はその工事が完成したときは、これを提起することができない。
art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-1
An action for maintenance of possession must be filed during the obstruction or within one year after the obstruction stops; provided, however, that if the thing under one's possession has been damaged due to construction work and either one year has passed from the time when the construction was started or the construction has been completed, the action may not be filed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有保全の訴えは、妨害の危険の存する間は、提起することができる。この場合において、工事により占有物に損害を生ずるおそれがあるときは、前項ただし書の規定を準用する。
art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-2
An action for preservation of possession may be filed so long as the danger of obstruction exists. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis if the thing under one's possession is likely to be damaged by the construction work.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第三項** 占有回収の訴えは、占有を奪われた時から一年以内に提起しなければならない。
art-201/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-3
An action for recovery of possession must be filed within one year from the time when a possessor was forcibly dispossessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百二条（本権の訴えとの関係） — (Relationship with Actions on Title)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202
**第一項** 占有の訴えは本権の訴えを妨げず、また、本権の訴えは占有の訴えを妨げない。
art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202/par-1
A possessory action does not preclude an action on title that legally supports the possession, and an action on title does not preclude a possessory action.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有の訴えについては、本権に関する理由に基づいて裁判をすることができない。
art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202/par-2
With respect to possessory actions, no judicial decision may be made on grounds relating to title that legally supports the possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第三節 占有権の消滅 — Section 3 Extinction of Possessory Rights
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-3
### 第二百三条（占有権の消滅事由） — (Grounds for Extinction of Possessory Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-203 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-203
**第一項** 占有権は、占有者が占有の意思を放棄し、又は占有物の所持を失うことによって消滅する。ただし、占有者が占有回収の訴えを提起したときは、この限りでない。
art-203/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-203/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-203/par-1
Possessory rights are extinguished when the possessor renounces the intention to possess, or loses possession of the thing possessed by them; provided, however, that this does not apply if the possessor files an action for recovery of possession.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
### 第二百四条（代理占有権の消滅事由） — (Grounds for Extinction of Agent's Possessory Rights)
caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204
**第一項** 代理人によって占有をする場合には、占有権は、次に掲げる事由によって消滅する。
art-204/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1
If a person possesses a thing through an agent, possessory rights are extinguished on the grounds stated below:
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**一** 本人が代理人に占有をさせる意思を放棄したこと。
art-204/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1/item-1
renunciation by the principal of intention to have agent possess;
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**二** 代理人が本人に対して以後自己又は第三者のために占有物を所持する意思を表示したこと。
art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1/item-2
manifestation of intention to the principal of an agent to hold the thing possessed on behalf of the agent itself or a third party; or
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**三** 代理人が占有物の所持を失ったこと。
art-204/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-1/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-1/item-3
the agent has lost direct control over the thing possessed.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
**第二項** 占有権は、代理権の消滅のみによっては、消滅しない。
art-204/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-204/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-204/par-2
Possessory rights are not extinguished solely as a result of the extinction of the authority to represent.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
## 第四節 準占有 — Section 4 De Facto Possession
heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
pt-2/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-2/sec-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/pt-2/ch-2/sec-4
### 第二百五条
art-205 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-205 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-205
**第一項** この章の規定は、自己のためにする意思をもって財産権の行使をする場合について準用する。
art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-205/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-205/par-1
The provisions of this Chapter apply mutatis mutandis if a person exercises their property rights with the intention to do so on their own behalf.
Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System
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## Cites
- art-190/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第百九十条第一項 (Article 190, paragraph (1)), art-190/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-1
- art-193/par-1: 前条 → 民法 第百九十二条 (Article 192), art-192 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-192 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-192
- art-197/par-1: 次条から第二百二条まで → 民法 第百九十八条 (Article 198), art-198 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-198 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-198
- art-197/par-1: 次条から第二百二条まで → 民法 第百九十九条 (Article 199), art-199 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-199 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-199
- art-197/par-1: 次条から第二百二条まで → 民法 第二百条 (Article 200), art-200 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-200 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-200
- art-197/par-1: 次条から第二百二条まで → 民法 第二百一条 (Article 201), art-201 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201
- art-197/par-1: 次条から第二百二条まで → 民法 第二百二条 (Article 202), art-202 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-202 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-202
- art-201/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第二百一条第一項 (Article 201, paragraph (1)), art-201/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-201/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-201/par-1
---
## Sources
- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11