# 民法 / Civil Code — 第八百十九条 (Article 819) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第八百十九条 (Article 819)（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — address `art-819` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第八百十九条（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — (Person Having Parental Authority after Divorce or Acknowledgement of Paternity) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-819 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819 **第一項** 父母が協議上の離婚をするときは、その協議で、その双方又は一方を親権者と定める。 art-819/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-1 If parents divorce by agreement, they determine in that agreement that both of them or one of them is to be the person with parental authority. machine translation, not official **第二項** 裁判上の離婚の場合には、裁判所は、父母の双方又は一方を親権者と定める。 art-819/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-2 In the case of a judicial divorce, the court determines that both of the parents or one of the parents is to be the person with parental authority. machine translation, not official **第三項** 子の出生前に父母が離婚した場合には、親権は、母が行う。ただし、子の出生後に、父母の協議で、父母の双方又は父を親権者と定めることができる。 art-819/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-3 If parents divorce before the birth of the child, the mother exercises the parental authority; provided, however, that the parties may agree for both parents or the father to be the person with parental authority after the child is born. machine translation, not official **第四項** 父が認知した子に対する親権は、母が行う。ただし、父母の協議で、父母の双方又は父を親権者と定めることができる。 art-819/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-4 Parental authority over a child whose paternity has been acknowledged by the father is exercised by the mother; provided, however, that the parents may agree for both parents or the father to be the person with parental authority. machine translation, not official **第五項** 第一項、第三項又は前項の協議が調わないとき、又は協議をすることができないときは、家庭裁判所は、父又は母の請求によって、協議に代わる審判をすることができる。 art-819/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-5 If an agreement as referred to in paragraph (1), paragraph (3), or the preceding paragraph is not reached or discussions toward such an agreement cannot be held, the family court may issue a ruling to stand in place of such an agreement, at the request of the father or the mother. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第六項** 子の利益のため必要があると認めるときは、家庭裁判所は、子又はその親族の請求によって、親権者を変更することができる。 art-819/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-6 At the request of the child or the child's relative, the family court may change the person with parental authority, if it finds it to be necessary to do so in the interests of the child. machine translation, not official **第七項** 裁判所は、第二項又は前二項の裁判において、父母の双方を親権者と定めるかその一方を親権者と定めるかを判断するに当たっては、子の利益のため、父母と子との関係、父と母との関係その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。この場合において、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときその他の父母の双方を親権者と定めることにより子の利益を害すると認められるときは、父母の一方を親権者と定めなければならない。 art-819/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7 In a judicial decision under paragraph (2) or the preceding two paragraphs, when deciding whether to determine both parents or one parent to be the person with parental authority, the court must consider, in the interests of the child, the relationship between the parents and the child, the relationship between the father and the mother, and all other circumstances. In this case, when any of the following applies, or when it is otherwise found that determining both parents to be the person with parental authority would harm the interests of the child, the court must determine one parent to be the person with parental authority: machine translation, not official **一** 父又は母が子の心身に害悪を及ぼすおそれがあると認められるとき。 art-819/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7/item-1 when it is found that the father or mother is likely to cause harm to the mind or body of the child; machine translation, not official **二** 父母の一方が他の一方から身体に対する暴力その他の心身に有害な影響を及ぼす言動（次項において「暴力等」という。）を受けるおそれの有無、第一項、第三項又は第四項の協議が調わない理由その他の事情を考慮して、父母が共同して親権を行うことが困難であると認められるとき。 art-819/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7/item-2 when, taking into consideration whether there is a risk that one parent will receive from the other physical violence or other words or conduct having a harmful effect on the mind or body (referred to as "violence, etc." in the following paragraph), the reasons why the agreement referred to in paragraph (1), (3) or (4) is not reached, and other circumstances, it is found to be difficult for the parents to exercise parental authority jointly. machine translation, not official **第八項** 第六項の場合において、家庭裁判所は、父母の協議により定められた親権者を変更することが子の利益のため必要であるか否かを判断するに当たっては、当該協議の経過、その後の事情の変更その他の事情を考慮するものとする。この場合において、当該協議の経過を考慮するに当たっては、父母の一方から他の一方への暴力等の有無、家事事件手続法による調停の有無又は裁判外紛争解決手続（裁判外紛争解決手続の利用の促進に関する法律（平成十六年法律第百五十一号）第一条に規定する裁判外紛争解決手続をいう。）の利用の有無、協議の結果についての公正証書の作成の有無その他の事情をも勘案するものとする。 art-819/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-8 In the case referred to in paragraph (6), in determining whether it is necessary for the interests of the child to change the person with parental authority determined by an agreement between the parents, the family court is to take into consideration the course of that agreement, subsequent changes in circumstances, and other circumstances. In this case, in considering the course of that agreement, the family court is also to take into account whether there has been violence, etc. from one parent to the other, whether there has been conciliation under the Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act or use of alternative dispute resolution procedures (meaning the alternative dispute resolution procedures prescribed in Article 1 of the Act on Promotion of Use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (Act No. 151 of 2004)), whether a notarial instrument was prepared concerning the result of the agreement, and other circumstances. machine translation, not official --- ## Cites - art-819/par-5: 第一項 → 民法 第八百十九条第一項 (Article 819, paragraph (1)), art-819/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-1 - art-819/par-5: 第三項 → 民法 第八百十九条第三項 (Article 819, paragraph (3)), art-819/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-3 - art-819/par-5: 前項 → 民法 第八百十九条第四項 (Article 819, paragraph (4)), art-819/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-4 - art-819/par-7: 第二項 → 民法 第八百十九条第二項 (Article 819, paragraph (2)), art-819/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-2 - art-819/par-7: 前二項 → 民法 第八百十九条第五項 (Article 819, paragraph (5)), art-819/par-5 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-5 - art-819/par-7: 前二項 → 民法 第八百十九条第六項 (Article 819, paragraph (6)), art-819/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-6 - art-819/par-7/item-2: 次項 → 民法 第八百十九条第八項 (Article 819, paragraph (8)), art-819/par-8 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-8 - art-819/par-7/item-2: 第一項 → 民法 第八百十九条第一項 (Article 819, paragraph (1)), art-819/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-1 - art-819/par-7/item-2: 第三項 → 民法 第八百十九条第三項 (Article 819, paragraph (3)), art-819/par-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-3 - art-819/par-7/item-2: 第四項 → 民法 第八百十九条第四項 (Article 819, paragraph (4)), art-819/par-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-4 - art-819/par-8: 第六項 → 民法 第八百十九条第六項 (Article 819, paragraph (6)), art-819/par-6 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-6 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-6 - art-819/par-8: 裁判外紛争解決手続の利用の促進に関する法律（平成十六年法律第百五十一号）第一条 → e-Gov law 416AC0000000151, 第一条 (Article 1), art-1 — not held in this collection ## Cited by 11 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 戸籍法 第七十八条第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/family-register-act/art-78/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/322AC0000000224/art-78/par-1 - 戸籍法 第七十九条第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/family-register-act/art-79/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/322AC0000000224/art-79/par-1 - 民法 第七百四十九条第一項（離婚の規定の準用） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-749/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-749/par-1 - 民法 第八百十一条第四項（協議上の離縁等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-811/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-811/par-4 - 民法 第八百十九条第五項（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-5 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-5 - 民法 第八百十九条第七項（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7 - 民法 第八百十九条第七項第二号（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-7/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-7/item-2 - 民法 第八百十九条第八項（離婚又は認知の場合の親権者） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-819/par-8 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-819/par-8 - 民法 附則第六条第一項（親権者の変更の請求に関する経過措置） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-6/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-6/par-1 - 民法 附則第十八条第一項（周知） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-18/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-18/par-1 - 民法 附則第十九条第一項（検討） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-5061-33/art-19/par-1 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 2 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4275/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-004, translated 2026-10-12 - claude-sonnet-5-5 — Machine translation, batch civil-code-20261011T170941-005, translated 2026-10-12 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11