# 民法 / Civil Code — 第五百十二条 (Article 512) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第五百十二条 (Article 512)（相殺の充当） — address `art-512` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第五百十二条（相殺の充当） — (Appropriation of Set-Off) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-512 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512 **第一項** 債権者が債務者に対して有する一個又は数個の債権と、債権者が債務者に対して負担する一個又は数個の債務について、債権者が相殺の意思表示をした場合において、当事者が別段の合意をしなかったときは、債権者の有する債権とその負担する債務は、相殺に適するようになった時期の順序に従って、その対当額について相殺によって消滅する。 art-512/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-1 If an obligee manifests the intention to effect a set-off using one or more claims held by the obligee against the obligor against one or more obligations borne by the obligee to the obligor, the claims held and the obligations borne by the obligee are extinguished by a set-off at the corresponding amount, in the order of time when they become eligible for set-off, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の場合において、相殺をする債権者の有する債権がその負担する債務の全部を消滅させるのに足りないときであって、当事者が別段の合意をしなかったときは、次に掲げるところによる。 art-512/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2 In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the claims held by the obligee that seeks a set-off are insufficient to extinguish all of the obligations borne by the obligee, the following provisions apply, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **一** 債権者が数個の債務を負担するとき（次号に規定する場合を除く。）は、第四百八十八条第四項第二号から第四号までの規定を準用する。 art-512/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2/item-1 if the obligee has two or more obligations (excluding the case prescribed in the following item), the provisions of Article 488, paragraph (4), items (ii) through (iv) apply mutatis mutandis; and Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **二** 債権者が負担する一個又は数個の債務について元本のほか利息及び費用を支払うべきときは、第四百八十九条の規定を準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「前条」とあるのは、「前条第四項第二号から第四号まで」と読み替えるものとする。 art-512/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2/item-2 if the obligee is liable to pay interest and expenses in addition to principal with regard to one or more obligations borne by the obligee, the provisions of Article 489 apply mutatis mutandis; in this case, the term "preceding Article" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (4), items (ii) through (iv) of the preceding Article". Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第三項** 第一項の場合において、相殺をする債権者の負担する債務がその有する債権の全部を消滅させるのに足りないときは、前項の規定を準用する。 art-512/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-3 In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the obligations held by the obligee that seeks a set-off are insufficient to extinguish all of the claims held by the obligee, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-512/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第五百十二条第一項 (Article 512, paragraph (1)), art-512/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-1 - art-512/par-2/item-1: 次号 → 民法 第五百十二条第二項第二号 (Article 512, paragraph (2), item (ii)), art-512/par-2/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2/item-2 - art-512/par-2/item-1: 第四百八十八条第四項第二号から第四号まで → 民法 第四百八十八条第四項第二号 (Article 488, paragraph (4), item (ii)), art-488/par-4/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-2 - art-512/par-2/item-1: 第四百八十八条第四項第二号から第四号まで → 民法 第四百八十八条第四項第三号 (Article 488, paragraph (4), item (iii)), art-488/par-4/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-3 - art-512/par-2/item-1: 第四百八十八条第四項第二号から第四号まで → 民法 第四百八十八条第四項第四号 (Article 488, paragraph (4), item (iv)), art-488/par-4/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-4 - art-512/par-2/item-2: 第四百八十九条 → 民法 第四百八十九条 (Article 489), art-489 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-489 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-489 - art-512/par-2/item-2: 同条第二項 → 民法 第四百八十九条第二項 (Article 489, paragraph (2)), art-489/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-489/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-489/par-2 - art-512/par-2/item-2: 前条 → 民法 第四百八十八条 (Article 488), art-488 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488 - art-512/par-2/item-2: 前条第四項第二号から第四号まで → 民法 第四百八十八条第四項第二号 (Article 488, paragraph (4), item (ii)), art-488/par-4/item-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-2 - art-512/par-2/item-2: 前条第四項第二号から第四号まで → 民法 第四百八十八条第四項第三号 (Article 488, paragraph (4), item (iii)), art-488/par-4/item-3 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-3 - art-512/par-2/item-2: 前条第四項第二号から第四号まで → 民法 第四百八十八条第四項第四号 (Article 488, paragraph (4), item (iv)), art-488/par-4/item-4 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-488/par-4/item-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-488/par-4/item-4 - art-512/par-3: 第一項 → 民法 第五百十二条第一項 (Article 512, paragraph (1)), art-512/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-1 - art-512/par-3: 前項 → 民法 第五百十二条第二項 (Article 512, paragraph (2)), art-512/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2 ## Cited by 5 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民法 第五百十二条第二項（相殺の充当） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2 - 民法 第五百十二条第二項第一号（相殺の充当） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-2/item-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-2/item-1 - 民法 第五百十二条第三項（相殺の充当） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512/par-3 - 民法 第五百十二条の二第一項 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-512-2/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-512-2/par-1 - 民法 附則第二十六条第四項（相殺に関する経過措置） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-4 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/suppl-4291-44/art-26/par-4 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11