# 民法 / Civil Code — 第四百四十条 (Article 440) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第四百四十条 (Article 440)（連帯債務者の一人との間の混同） — address `art-440` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-440 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-440 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第四百四十条（連帯債務者の一人との間の混同） — (Merger with One of Joint and Several Obligors) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-440 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-440 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-440 **第一項** 連帯債務者の一人と債権者との間に混同があったときは、その連帯債務者は、弁済をしたものとみなす。 art-440/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-440/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-440/par-1 If there is a merger between one of the joint and several obligors and the obligee, the joint and several obligor is deemed to have performed the obligation. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System ## Cited by 3 provisions cite this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民法 第四百三十条第一項（不可分債務） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-430/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-430/par-1 - 民法 第四百四十一条第一項（相対的効力の原則） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-441/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-441/par-1 - 民法 第四百五十八条第一項（連帯保証人について生じた事由の効力） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-458/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-458/par-1 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11