# 民法 / Civil Code — 第百九十条 (Article 190) - Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号 - English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation - Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say. - Provision: 第百九十条 (Article 190)（悪意の占有者による果実の返還等） — address `art-190` - Text in force since: 2026-06-24 - URL (the page that opens at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190 - Permanent URL (e-Gov law ID, never renamed): https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190 - Every provision below carries its address and both URLs on the line under it. - Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below. Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names. They are never merged and never substituted for one another. --- ### 第百九十条（悪意の占有者による果実の返還等） — (Return of Fruits by Possessors in Bad Faith) caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190 **第一項** 悪意の占有者は、果実を返還し、かつ、既に消費し、過失によって損傷し、又は収取を怠った果実の代価を償還する義務を負う。 art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-1 A possessor in bad faith has the obligation to return fruits, and reimburse the price of fruits that the possessor has already consumed, damaged due to negligence, or failed to collect. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System **第二項** 前項の規定は、暴行若しくは強迫又は隠匿によって占有をしている者について準用する。 art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-2 The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to a person who takes possession of a thing through assault or duress or through concealment. Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System --- ## Cites - art-190/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第百九十条第一項 (Article 190, paragraph (1)), art-190/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-1 ## Cited by 1 provision cites this one. No official source publishes this direction. - 民法 第百九十条第二項（悪意の占有者による果実の返還等） — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/art-190/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/l/129AC0000000089/art-190/par-2 --- ## Sources - e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text in force from 2026-06-24 (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20260624_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11 - Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11 - This site's parser, version 190 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11