# 民法 / Civil Code — 第一章 (Part 2, Chapter 1)

- Law: 民法 (Civil Code), 明治二十九年法律第八十九号
- English title "Civil Code": Ministry of Justice translation
- Kind: Act — the distinction between 法律 (Act), 政令 (Cabinet Order), 省令 (Ministerial Order) and 条例 (local ordinance) decides who may issue it and what it may say.
- Provision: 第一章 (Part 2, Chapter 1) — address `pt-2/ch-1`
- Text: the text as amended with effect from 2028-12-23 (On a day set by Cabinet Order, no later than 23 December 2028 — the amending law allows up to 30 months from promulgation. The exact day is not fixed yet.), standing until 2029-06-22 as now scheduled, since the next amendment's day is not fixed — NOT yet in force (revision 20281223_508AC0000000045)
- URL (this text's page, at this provision): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1
- The same address in the text in force (its wording there may differ): https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/pt-2/ch-1
- Every provision below carries its address and its place on this text's page on the line under it.
- Japanese text: e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁). English: as marked on each line below.

Only the Japanese as published by the government has legal effect; the text
below is a copy of it. Every English rendering below is a translation and
says which kind: the Ministry of Justice's translation, or this
site's machine translation, whose model and date the Sources list names.
They are never merged and never substituted for one another.
The Ministry's English is given only where this text's Japanese is a wording
the Ministry translated — the same as the text in force, or for a text not yet
in force, a wording it translated ahead; every other paragraph's English is
machine translation.

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## 第一章　総則 — Chapter I General Provisions
<sup>heading: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>pt-2/ch-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1</sup>

### 第百七十五条（物権の創設） — (Establishment of Real Rights)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-175 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-175</sup>

  **第一項**  物権は、この法律その他の法律に定めるもののほか、創設することができない。
  <sup>art-175/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-175/par-1</sup>
  No real right may be established other than those prescribed by laws including this Code.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第百七十六条（物権の設定及び移転） — (Creation and Transfer of Real Rights)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-176 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-176</sup>

  **第一項**  物権の設定及び移転は、当事者の意思表示のみによって、その効力を生ずる。
  <sup>art-176/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-176/par-1</sup>
  The creation and transfer of a real right becomes effective solely by the manifestations of intention of the parties.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第百七十七条（不動産に関する物権の変動の対抗要件） — (Requirements of Perfection of Changes in Real Rights on Immovables)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-177 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-177</sup>

  **第一項**  不動産に関する物権の得喪及び変更は、不動産登記法（平成十六年法律第百二十三号）その他の登記に関する法律の定めるところに従いその登記をしなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
  <sup>art-177/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-177/par-1</sup>
  Acquisitions of, losses of and changes in real rights on immovables may not be duly asserted against any third parties, unless the same are registered pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004) and other laws regarding registration.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第百七十八条（動産に関する物権の譲渡の対抗要件） — (Requirements of Perfection of Transfer of Real Rights Concerning Movables)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-178 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-178</sup>

  **第一項**  動産に関する物権の譲渡は、その動産の引渡しがなければ、第三者に対抗することができない。
  <sup>art-178/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-178/par-1</sup>
  The transfer of a real right on movables may not be duly asserted against a third party, unless the movables are delivered.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

### 第百七十九条（混同） — (Merger of Rights)
<sup>caption: Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>
<sup>art-179 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179</sup>

  **第一項**  同一物について所有権及び他の物権が同一人に帰属したときは、当該他の物権は、消滅する。ただし、その物又は当該他の物権が第三者の権利の目的であるときは、この限りでない。
  <sup>art-179/par-1 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179/par-1</sup>
  If ownership and another real right on the same thing are acquired by the same person, the other real right is extinguished; provided, however, that this does not apply if that thing or the other real right is the object of the right of a third party.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第二項**  所有権以外の物権及びこれを目的とする他の権利が同一人に帰属したときは、当該他の権利は、消滅する。この場合においては、前項ただし書の規定を準用する。
  <sup>art-179/par-2 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179/par-2</sup>
  If a real right other than ownership and another right for which that real right is the object are acquired by the same person, the other right is extinguished. In this case, the provisions of the proviso to the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

  **第三項**  前二項の規定は、占有権については、適用しない。
  <sup>art-179/par-3 · https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179/par-3</sup>
  The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to possessory rights.
  <sup>Ministry of Justice translation — Japanese Law Translation Database System</sup>

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## Cites
- art-179/par-2: 前項 → 民法 第百七十九条第一項 (Article 179, paragraph (1)), art-179/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179/par-1
- art-179/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第百七十九条第一項 (Article 179, paragraph (1)), art-179/par-1 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179/par-1
- art-179/par-3: 前二項 → 民法 第百七十九条第二項 (Article 179, paragraph (2)), art-179/par-2 — https://japanlaw.org/en/civil-code/amendments/20281223_508AC0000000045/text/pt-2/ch-1#art-179/par-2

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## Sources

- e-Gov 法令検索, Digital Agency (デジタル庁) — 民法 — the text as 令和八年法律第四十五号 leaves it, from a date not yet fixed (https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/129AC0000000089/20281223_508AC0000000045), retrieved 2026-10-11
- Japanese Law Translation Database System, Ministry of Justice (法務省) — Civil Code — Ministry of Justice translation (part 1 of 2) (https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4848/tb), retrieved 2026-10-11
- This site's parser, version 209 — 民法 — structure, counts, cross-references and defined terms, computed 2026-10-11